KEGG   PATHWAY: bmus04727
Entry
bmus04727                   Pathway                                
Name
GABAergic synapse - Balaenoptera musculus (blue whale)
Description
Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). When released in the synaptic cleft, GABA binds to three major classes of receptors: GABAA, GABAB, and GABAC receptors. GABAA and GABAC receptors are ionotropic and mediate fast GABA responses by triggering chloride channel openings, while GABAB receptors are metabotropic and mediate slower GABA responses by activating G-proteins and influencing second messenger systems. GABAA receptors, the major sites for fast inhibitory neurotransmission in the CNS, are regulated by phosphorylation mechanisms, affecting both their functional properties and their cell surface mobility and trafficking. GABA release by the presynaptic terminal is negatively regulated by GABAB autoreceptors, and is cleared from the extracellular space by GABA transporters (GATs) located either on the presynaptic terminal or neighboring glial cells.
Class
Organismal Systems; Nervous system
Pathway map
bmus04727  GABAergic synapse
bmus04727

Other DBs
GO: 0051932
Organism
Balaenoptera musculus (blue whale) [GN:bmus]
Gene
118902237  SLC38A1; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 1 [KO:K14990]
118901577  SLC38A2; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2 isoform X1 [KO:K14207]
118898356  GLS; glutaminase kidney isoform, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K01425] [EC:3.5.1.2]
118901672  GLS2; glutaminase liver isoform, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K01425] [EC:3.5.1.2]
118898570  GAD1; glutamate decarboxylase 1 [KO:K01580] [EC:4.1.1.15]
118906742  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: glutamate decarboxylase 1-like [KO:K01580] [EC:4.1.1.15]
118888819  GAD2; glutamate decarboxylase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K01580] [EC:4.1.1.15]
118881370  SLC32A1; vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter [KO:K15015]
118880737  ABAT; 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrial [KO:K13524] [EC:2.6.1.19 2.6.1.22]
118893224  GABRA6; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6 isoform X1 [KO:K05175]
118893375  GABRA1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05175]
118895633  GABRA4; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4 [KO:K05175]
118889292  GABRA3; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3 isoform X1 [KO:K05175]
118896186  GABRA2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05175]
118890451  GABRA5; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5 [KO:K05175]
118893186  GABRB2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2 [KO:K05181]
118888418  GABRB3; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3 [KO:K05181]
118895947  GABRB1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05181]
118891322  GABRG3; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3 [KO:K05186]
118893517  GABRG2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05186]
118896184  GABRG1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1 [KO:K05186]
118886263  GABRD; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta isoform X1 [KO:K05184]
118888732  GABRE; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon [KO:K05185]
118889232  GABRQ; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta [KO:K05192]
118893306  gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi isoform X1 [KO:K05189]
118892306  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
118903730  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
118881157  SRC; proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src isoform X1 [KO:K05704] [EC:2.7.10.2]
118886504  PRKCA; protein kinase C alpha type isoform X1 [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
118881786  PRKCB; protein kinase C beta type isoform X1 [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
118884764  PRKCG; protein kinase C gamma type [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
118887507  HAP1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: huntingtin-associated protein 1 [KO:K04647]
118885760  GABARAPL2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 2 [KO:K08341]
118905799  gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like [KO:K08341]
118886454  gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein [KO:K08341]
118901754  GABARAPL1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 1 [KO:K08341]
118886731  NSF; vesicle-fusing ATPase isoform X1 [KO:K06027] [EC:3.6.4.6]
118897931  TRAK2; trafficking kinesin-binding protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K15374]
118898538  PLCL1; inactive phospholipase C-like protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K15375]
118890484  GPHN; gephyrin isoform X1 [KO:K15376] [EC:2.10.1.1 2.7.7.75]
118880830  SLC12A5; solute carrier family 12 member 5 isoform X1 [KO:K23967]
118904861  GABRR2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05190]
118905236  GABRR1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-1 [KO:K05190]
118894732  GABRR3; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-3 [KO:K05190]
118892680  CACNA1A; voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A isoform X1 [KO:K04344]
118897088  CACNA1B; voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B isoform X1 [KO:K04849]
118901684  CACNA1C; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C isoform X1 [KO:K04850]
118903384  CACNA1D; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X1 [KO:K04851]
118888578  CACNA1F; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F isoform X1 [KO:K04853]
118897154  CACNA1S; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S isoform X1 [KO:K04857]
118904053  GABBR1; gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04615]
118896601  GABBR2; gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2 [KO:K04615]
118891009  GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha [KO:K04630]
118903884  GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630]
118900592  GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630]
118885050  GNAO1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04534]
118884491  GNB1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04536]
118880696  GNB2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 [KO:K04537]
118901681  GNB3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K07825]
118894680  GNB4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 [KO:K04538]
118890489  GNB5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5 isoform X1 [KO:K04539]
118891229  GNG2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 [KO:K07826]
118899063  GNG3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3 [KO:K04540]
118882268  GNG4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 [KO:K04541]
118888757  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542]
118888965  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5-like [KO:K04542]
118895497  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542]
118896479  GNG5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542]
118884238  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5-like [KO:K04542]
118893026  GNG7; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7 [KO:K04543]
118885528  GNG8; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-8 isoform X1 [KO:K04544]
118885332  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10-like [KO:K04545]
118897329  GNG10; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10 [KO:K04545]
118901346  GNG11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11 [KO:K04546]
118899574  GNG12; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12 [KO:K04347]
118880808  GNG13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-13 [KO:K04547]
118900994  GNGT1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1 [KO:K04548]
118887202  GNGT2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 [KO:K04549]
118900990  ADCY1; adenylate cyclase type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
118893277  ADCY2; adenylate cyclase type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K08042] [EC:4.6.1.1]
118905966  ADCY3; adenylate cyclase type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K08043] [EC:4.6.1.1]
118891059  ADCY4; adenylate cyclase type 4 isoform X1 [KO:K08044] [EC:4.6.1.1]
118894820  ADCY5; adenylate cyclase type 5 isoform X1 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
118902170  ADCY6; adenylate cyclase type 6 isoform X1 [KO:K08046] [EC:4.6.1.1]
118884739  ADCY7; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: adenylate cyclase type 7 [KO:K08047] [EC:4.6.1.1]
118883477  ADCY8; adenylate cyclase type 8 isoform X1 [KO:K08048] [EC:4.6.1.1]
118881054  ADCY9; adenylate cyclase type 9 [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]
118894083  KCNJ6; G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 2 [KO:K05000]
118904133  SLC6A1; sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05034]
118902062  SLC6A13; sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05046]
118903734  SLC6A11; sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 3 [KO:K05044]
118902064  SLC6A12; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: sodium- and chloride-dependent betaine transporter [KO:K05045]
118900178  glutamine synthetase-like [KO:K01915] [EC:6.3.1.2]
118896548  GLUL; glutamine synthetase isoform X1 [KO:K01915] [EC:6.3.1.2]
118904190  SLC38A3; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 3 [KO:K13576]
118889257  SLC38A5; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 5 isoform X1 [KO:K14992]
Compound
C00025  L-Glutamate
C00026  2-Oxoglutarate
C00042  Succinate
C00064  L-Glutamine
C00076  Calcium cation
C00238  Potassium cation
C00334  4-Aminobutanoate
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C00698  Cl-
Reference
  Authors
Davis KL, Charney D, Coyle JT, Nemeroff C (ed).
  Title
Neuropsychopharmacology: The fifth generation of progress
  Journal
Lippincott Williams & Wikins (2002)
DOI:10.1002/hup.431
Reference
PMID:17499109
  Authors
Farrant M, Kaila K
  Title
The cellular, molecular and ionic basis of GABA(A) receptor signalling.
  Journal
Prog Brain Res 160:59-87 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/S0079-6123(06)60005-8
Reference
PMID:9364667
  Authors
Ben-Ari Y, Khazipov R, Leinekugel X, Caillard O, Gaiarsa JL
  Title
GABAA, NMDA and AMPA receptors: a developmentally regulated 'menage a trois'.
  Journal
Trends Neurosci 20:523-9 (1997)
DOI:10.1016/S0166-2236(97)01147-8
Reference
PMID:20655485
  Authors
Pinard A, Seddik R, Bettler B
  Title
GABAB receptors: physiological functions and mechanisms of diversity.
  Journal
Adv Pharmacol 58:231-55 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/S1054-3589(10)58010-4
Reference
PMID:21376567
  Authors
Chalifoux JR, Carter AG
  Title
GABAB receptor modulation of synaptic function.
  Journal
Curr Opin Neurobiol 21:339-44 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.conb.2011.02.004
Reference
PMID:20655481
  Authors
Padgett CL, Slesinger PA
  Title
GABAB receptor coupling to G-proteins and ion channels.
  Journal
Adv Pharmacol 58:123-47 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/S1054-3589(10)58006-2
Reference
PMID:17499108
  Authors
Emson PC
  Title
GABA(B) receptors: structure and function.
  Journal
Prog Brain Res 160:43-57 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/S0079-6123(06)60004-6
Reference
PMID:16932937
  Authors
Kornau HC
  Title
GABA(B) receptors and synaptic modulation.
  Journal
Cell Tissue Res 326:517-33 (2006)
DOI:10.1007/s00441-006-0264-7
Reference
PMID:18382465
  Authors
Jacob TC, Moss SJ, Jurd R
  Title
GABA(A) receptor trafficking and its role in the dynamic modulation of neuronal inhibition.
  Journal
Nat Rev Neurosci 9:331-43 (2008)
DOI:10.1038/nrn2370
Reference
PMID:12086709
  Authors
Kneussel M
  Title
Dynamic regulation of GABA(A) receptors at synaptic sites.
  Journal
Brain Res Brain Res Rev 39:74-83 (2002)
DOI:10.1016/S0165-0173(02)00159-5
Reference
PMID:21555068
  Authors
Luscher B, Fuchs T, Kilpatrick CL
  Title
GABAA receptor trafficking-mediated plasticity of inhibitory synapses.
  Journal
Neuron 70:385-409 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.neuron.2011.03.024
Reference
PMID:19374920
  Authors
Arancibia-Carcamo IL, Kittler JT
  Title
Regulation of GABA(A) receptor membrane trafficking and synaptic localization.
  Journal
Pharmacol Ther 123:17-31 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2009.03.012
Reference
PMID:16787421
  Authors
Bak LK, Schousboe A, Waagepetersen HS
  Title
The glutamate/GABA-glutamine cycle: aspects of transport, neurotransmitter homeostasis and ammonia transfer.
  Journal
J Neurochem 98:641-53 (2006)
DOI:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.03913.x
Reference
PMID:15210304
  Authors
Conti F, Minelli A, Melone M
  Title
GABA transporters in the mammalian cerebral cortex: localization, development and pathological implications.
  Journal
Brain Res Brain Res Rev 45:196-212 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2004.03.003
Reference
PMID:12888801
  Authors
Brambilla P, Perez J, Barale F, Schettini G, Soares JC
  Title
GABAergic dysfunction in mood disorders.
  Journal
Mol Psychiatry 8:721-37, 715 (2003)
DOI:10.1038/sj.mp.4001362
Reference
PMID:10780899
  Authors
Chebib M, Johnston GA
  Title
GABA-Activated ligand gated ion channels: medicinal chemistry and molecular biology.
  Journal
J Med Chem 43:1427-47 (2000)
DOI:10.1021/jm9904349
Related
pathway
bmus00020  Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
bmus00250  Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
bmus04144  Endocytosis
bmus04721  Synaptic vesicle cycle
KO pathway
ko04727   
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