KEGG PATHWAY: hhip00270

PATHWAY: hhip00270

Entry

hhip00270                   Pathway

Name

Cysteine and methionine metabolism - Hippoglossus hippoglossus (Atlantic halibut)

Description

Cysteine and methionine are sulfur-containing amino acids. Cysteine is synthesized from serine through different pathways in different organism groups. In bacteria and plants, cysteine is converted from serine (via acetylserine) by transfer of hydrogen sulfide [MD:M00021]. In animals, methionine-derived homocysteine is used as sulfur source and its condensation product with serine (cystathionine) is converted to cysteine [MD:M00338]. Cysteine is metabolized to pyruvate in multiple routes. Methionine is an essential amino acid, which animals cannot synthesize. In bacteria and plants, methionine is synthesized from aspartate [MD:M00017]. S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM), synthesized from methionine and ATP, is a methyl group donor in many important transfer reactions including DNA methylation for regulation of gene expression. SAM may also be used to regenerate methionine in the methionine salvage pathway [MD:M00034].

Class

Metabolism; Amino acid metabolism

Pathway map

hhip00270

Cysteine and methionine metabolism

Module

hhip_M00034

Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:hhip00270]

hhip_M00035

Methionine degradation [PATH:hhip00270]

hhip_M00338

Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:hhip00270]

Other DBs

GO:	0006534 0006555

Organism

Hippoglossus hippoglossus (Atlantic halibut) [GN:hhip]

Gene

117760285

cth; cystathionine gamma-lyase [KO:K01758] [EC:4.4.1.1]

117760520

kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase 3-like [KO:K00816] [EC:2.6.1.7 4.4.1.13 2.6.1.64]

117771551

kyat1; kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K00816] [EC:2.6.1.7 4.4.1.13 2.6.1.64]

117775203

cbsa; cystathionine beta-synthase a [KO:K01697] [EC:4.2.1.22]

117767260

betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1-like [KO:K00544] [EC:2.1.1.5]

117768517

betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1-like [KO:K00544] [EC:2.1.1.5]

117768519

betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1 [KO:K00544] [EC:2.1.1.5]

117771585

bhmt; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1 [KO:K00544] [EC:2.1.1.5]

117760499

zgc:172121; homocysteine S-methyltransferase YbgG [KO:K00547] [EC:2.1.1.10]

117752382

mtr; methionine synthase isoform X1 [KO:K00548] [EC:2.1.1.13]

117753179

S-adenosylmethionine synthase [KO:K00789] [EC:2.5.1.6]

117768500

mat2ab; S-adenosylmethionine synthase [KO:K00789] [EC:2.5.1.6]

117775676

mat1a; S-adenosylmethionine synthase [KO:K00789] [EC:2.5.1.6]

117771762

mat2aa; methionine adenosyltransferase II, alpha a [KO:K00789] [EC:2.5.1.6]

117759012

methionine adenosyltransferase 2 subunit beta-like isoform X1 [KO:K00789] [EC:2.5.1.6]

117759013

methionine adenosyltransferase 2 subunit beta-like [KO:K00789] [EC:2.5.1.6]

117758622

amd1; S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase proenzyme [KO:K01611] [EC:4.1.1.50]

117764184

srm; spermidine synthase [KO:K00797] [EC:2.5.1.16]

117774519

sms; spermine synthase [KO:K00802] [EC:2.5.1.22]

117765831

mtap; S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine phosphorylase [KO:K00772] [EC:2.4.2.28]

117769024

mri1; methylthioribose-1-phosphate isomerase [KO:K08963] [EC:5.3.1.23]

117759259

apip; methylthioribulose-1-phosphate dehydratase [KO:K08964] [EC:4.2.1.109]

117771582

enoph1; enolase-phosphatase E1 [KO:K09880] [EC:3.1.3.77]

117756466

adi1; 1,2-dihydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentene dioxygenase [KO:K08967] [EC:1.13.11.53 1.13.11.54]

117763844

tat; tyrosine aminotransferase [KO:K00815] [EC:2.6.1.5]

117772864

il4i1; L-amino-acid oxidase [KO:K03334] [EC:1.4.3.2]

117752108

L-amino-acid oxidase-like [KO:K03334] [EC:1.4.3.2]

117752109

L-amino-acid oxidase-like [KO:K03334] [EC:1.4.3.2]

117752194

L-amino-acid oxidase-like [KO:K03334] [EC:1.4.3.2]

117756209

gnmt; glycine N-methyltransferase [KO:K00552] [EC:2.1.1.20]

117765795

dnmt1; DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K00558] [EC:2.1.1.37]

117755954

DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 3A-like isoform X1 [KO:K17398] [EC:2.1.1.37]

117758539

dnmt3aa; DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 3 alpha a isoform X1 [KO:K17398] [EC:2.1.1.37]

117765204

uncharacterized protein LOC117765204 [KO:K17399] [EC:2.1.1.37]

117764954

dnmt3ba; DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 3 beta, duplicate a isoform X1 [KO:K17399] [EC:2.1.1.37]

117764994

dnmt3bb.1; DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 3B isoform X1 [KO:K17399] [EC:2.1.1.37]

117765417

ahcyl1; S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase-like protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K01251] [EC:3.13.2.1]

117761461

ahcy; adenosylhomocysteinase [KO:K01251] [EC:3.13.2.1]

117761802

S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase-like protein 1 [KO:K01251] [EC:3.13.2.1]

117757334

ahcyl2b; adenosylhomocysteinase like 2b isoform X1 [KO:K01251] [EC:3.13.2.1]

117763541

S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase-like protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K01251] [EC:3.13.2.1]

117765931

branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, cytosolic-like isoform X1 [KO:K00826] [EC:2.6.1.42]

117757622

bcat1; branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, cytosolic [KO:K00826] [EC:2.6.1.42]

117771680

agxt2; alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2, mitochondrial [KO:K00827] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.40]

117775980

gclc; glutamate--cysteine ligase catalytic subunit [KO:K11204] [EC:6.3.2.2]

117760456

gclm; glutamate--cysteine ligase regulatory subunit [KO:K11205]

117764813

gss; glutathione synthetase [KO:K21456] [EC:6.3.2.3]

117767469

cdo1; cysteine dioxygenase type 1 [KO:K00456] [EC:1.13.11.20]

117760495

aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic-like [KO:K14454] [EC:2.6.1.1]

117768122

got1l1; putative aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic 2 [KO:K14454] [EC:2.6.1.1]

117775655

got1; aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic [KO:K14454] [EC:2.6.1.1]

117753404

aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial-like [KO:K14455] [EC:2.6.1.1]

117759477

3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase-like [KO:K01011] [EC:2.8.1.1 2.8.1.2]

117766103

thiosulfate sulfurtransferase-like [KO:K01011] [EC:2.8.1.1 2.8.1.2]

117766104

zgc:162544; 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase [KO:K01011] [EC:2.8.1.1 2.8.1.2]

117757358

ldhba; L-lactate dehydrogenase B-A chain [KO:K00016] [EC:1.1.1.27]

117763572

ldha; L-lactate dehydrogenase A chain [KO:K00016] [EC:1.1.1.27]

117763602

L-lactate dehydrogenase B-B chain-like [KO:K00016] [EC:1.1.1.27]

117775280

mdh1ab; malate dehydrogenase 1Ab, NAD (soluble) [KO:K00025] [EC:1.1.1.37]

117764310

malate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmic-like isoform X1 [KO:K00025] [EC:1.1.1.37]

117764363

LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: malate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmic-like [KO:K00025] [EC:1.1.1.37]

117776389

mdh2; malate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial [KO:K00026] [EC:1.1.1.37]

117767713

L-serine dehydratase/L-threonine deaminase-like [KO:K17989] [EC:4.3.1.17 4.3.1.19]

117756205

sdsl; serine dehydratase-like [KO:K17989] [EC:4.3.1.17 4.3.1.19]

117754400

phgdh; D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase [KO:K00058] [EC:1.1.1.95 1.1.1.399]

117768312

psat1; phosphoserine aminotransferase [KO:K00831] [EC:2.6.1.52]

Compound

C00019

S-Adenosyl-L-methionine

C00021

S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine

C00022

Pyruvate

C00041

L-Alanine

C00049

L-Aspartate

C00051

Glutathione

C00059

Sulfate

C00065

L-Serine

C00073

L-Methionine

C00094

Sulfite

C00097

L-Cysteine

C00109

2-Oxobutanoate

C00155

L-Homocysteine

C00170

5'-Methylthioadenosine

C00197

3-Phospho-D-glycerate

C00263

L-Homoserine

C00283

Hydrogen sulfide

C00409

Methanethiol

C00441

L-Aspartate 4-semialdehyde

C00491

L-Cystine

C00506

L-Cysteate

C00606

3-Sulfino-L-alanine

C00793

D-Cysteine

C00957

Mercaptopyruvate

C00979

O-Acetyl-L-serine

C01005

O-Phospho-L-serine

C01077

O-Acetyl-L-homoserine

C01118

O-Succinyl-L-homoserine

C01137

S-Adenosylmethioninamine

C01180

4-Methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid

C01234

1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate

C01817

L-Homocystine

C01962

Thiocysteine

C02218

Dehydroalanine

C02291

L-Cystathionine

C02356

(S)-2-Aminobutanoate

C02989

L-Methionine S-oxide

C03082

4-Phospho-L-aspartate

C03089

5-Methylthio-D-ribose

C03145

N-Formylmethionine

C03232

3-Phosphonooxypyruvate

C03431

S-Inosyl-L-homocysteine

C03539

S-Ribosyl-L-homocysteine

C04188

S-Methyl-5-thio-D-ribose 1-phosphate

C04582

S-Methyl-5-thio-D-ribulose 1-phosphate

C05324

Nicotianamine

C05524

Aminoacyl-L-methionine

C05526

S-Glutathionyl-L-cysteine

C05527

3-Sulfinylpyruvate

C05528

3-Sulfopyruvate

C05823

3-Mercaptolactate

C05824

S-Sulfo-L-cysteine

C06547

Ethylene

C08276

3-(Methylthio)propanoate

C09306

Sulfur dioxide

C11437

1-Deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate

C11481

HSO3-

C11499

(S)-3-Sulfolactate

C11537

(2R)-3-Sulfolactate

C15606

1,2-Dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one

C15650

2,3-Diketo-5-methylthiopentyl-1-phosphate

C15651

2-Hydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate

C18049

N-Acyl-L-homoserine lactone

C19787

5'-S-Methyl-5'-thioinosine

C21015

gamma-L-Glutamyl-L-2-aminobutyrate

C21016

Ophthalmate

C22359

S-Methyl-1-thio-D-xylulose 5-phosphate

Reference

PMID:15102328

Authors

Sekowska A, Denervaud V, Ashida H, Michoud K, Haas D, Yokota A, Danchin A

Title

Bacterial variations on the methionine salvage pathway.

Journal

BMC Microbiol 4:9 (2004)
DOI:10.1186/1471-2180-4-9

Reference

PMID:14551435

Authors

Ashida H, Saito Y, Kojima C, Kobayashi K, Ogasawara N, Yokota A.

Title

A functional link between RuBisCO-like protein of Bacillus and photosynthetic RuBisCO.

Journal

Science 302:286-90 (2003)
DOI:10.1126/science.1086997

Reference

PMID:12022921

Authors

Sekowska A, Danchin A.

Title

The methionine salvage pathway in Bacillus subtilis.

Journal

BMC Microbiol 2:8 (2002)
DOI:10.1186/1471-2180-2-8

Reference

PMID:12670965

Authors

Berger BJ, English S, Chan G, Knodel MH.

Title

Methionine regeneration and aminotransferases in Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus anthracis.

Journal

J Bacteriol 185:2418-31 (2003)
DOI:10.1128/JB.185.8.2418-2431.2003

Reference

PMID:17169919

Authors

Goyer A, Collakova E, Shachar-Hill Y, Hanson AD

Title

Functional characterization of a methionine gamma-lyase in Arabidopsis and its implication in an alternative to the reverse trans-sulfuration pathway.

Journal

Plant Cell Physiol 48:232-42 (2007)
DOI:10.1093/pcp/pcl055

Reference

PMID:17030798

Authors

Rebeille F, Jabrin S, Bligny R, Loizeau K, Gambonnet B, Van Wilder V, Douce R, Ravanel S

Title

Methionine catabolism in Arabidopsis cells is initiated by a gamma-cleavage process and leads to S-methylcysteine and isoleucine syntheses.

Journal

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103:15687-92 (2006)
DOI:10.1073/pnas.0606195103

Reference

PMID:18625006

Authors

Pirkov I, Norbeck J, Gustafsson L, Albers E

Title

A complete inventory of all enzymes in the eukaryotic methionine salvage pathway.

Journal

FEBS J 275:4111-20 (2008)
DOI:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06552.x

Reference

PMID:18391471

Authors

Ashida H, Saito Y, Kojima C, Yokota A

Title

Enzymatic characterization of 5-methylthioribulose-1-phosphate dehydratase of the methionine salvage pathway in Bacillus subtilis.

Journal

Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 72:959-67 (2008)
DOI:10.1271/bbb.70651

Reference

PMID:10613873

Authors

Kitabatake M, So MW, Tumbula DL, Soll D

Title

Cysteine biosynthesis pathway in the archaeon Methanosarcina barkeri encoded by acquired bacterial genes?

Journal

J Bacteriol 182:143-5 (2000)
DOI:10.1128/JB.182.1.143-145.2000

Reference

PMID:12644499

Authors

Mino K, Ishikawa K

Title

Characterization of a novel thermostable O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase from Aeropyrum pernix K1.

Journal

J Bacteriol 185:2277-84 (2003)
DOI:10.1128/JB.185.7.2277-2284.2003

Reference

PMID:18520135

Authors

Tanabe S

Title

Development of assay methods for endogenous inorganic sulfur compounds and sulfurtransferases and evaluation of the physiological functions of bound sulfur.

Journal

Yakugaku Zasshi 128:881-900 (2008)
DOI:10.1248/yakushi.128.881

Reference

Authors

Nishizuka Y, Seyama Y, Ikai A, Ishimura Y, Kawaguchi A (eds).

Title

[Cellular Functions and Metabolic Maps] (In Japanese)

Journal

Tokyo Kagaku Dojin (1997)

Reference

PMID:19270684

Authors