Entry Name Allograft rejection - Loxodonta africana (African savanna elephant)
Description Allograft rejection is the consequence of the recipient's alloimmune response to nonself antigens expressed by donor tissues. After transplantation of organ allografts, there are two pathways of antigen presentation. In the direct pathway, recipient T cells react to intact allogeneic MHC molecules expressed on the surface of donor cells. This pathway would activate host CD4 or CD8 T cells. In contrast, donor MHC molecules (and all other proteins) shed from the graft can be taken up by host APCs and presented to recipient T cells in the context of self-MHC molecules - the indirect pathway. Such presentation activates predominantly CD4 T cells. A direct cytotoxic T-cell attack on graft cells can be made only by T cells that recognize the graft MHC molecules directly. Nontheless, T cells with indirect allospecificity can contribute to graft rejection by activating macrophages, which cause tissue injury and fibrosis, and are also likely to be important in the development of an alloantibody response to graft.
Class Human Diseases; Immune diseaseBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map Ortholog table Organism Loxodonta africana (African savanna elephant) [GN:
lav ]
Gene 100655144 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B-37 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
100656828 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B-67 alpha chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
100653700 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, A-11 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
100657492 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, A-11 alpha chain-like isoform X2 [KO:K06751 ]
100667840 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B-40 alpha chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
100666699 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, A-3 alpha chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
100676481 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain G-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
100676766 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, A-3 alpha chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
100676584 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: class I histocompatibility antigen, Gogo-B*0101 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
100662084 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, A-11 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
100661889 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B-37 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
100667271 patr class I histocompatibility antigen, A-2 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
100664043 patr class I histocompatibility antigen, A-5 alpha chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
100666034 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, Cw-3 alpha chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
100664893 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, A-3 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
100659386 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B-39 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
100669340 H-2 class I histocompatibility antigen, Q10 alpha chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
100656594 CD86; T-lymphocyte activation antigen CD86 isoform X1 [KO:K05413 ]
100661033 CD28; T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28 isoform X1 [KO:K06470 ]
100662586 FASLG; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 [KO:K04389 ]
100657715 FAS; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 isoform X1 [KO:K04390 ]
100672091 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DO alpha chain isoform X1 [KO:K06752 ]
100672379 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM alpha chain [KO:K06752 ]
100664409 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ alpha 2 chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
100665293 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DRB1-4 beta chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
100662176 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP alpha 1 chain-like isoform X4 [KO:K06752 ]
100668794 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ beta 2 chain-like isoform X2 [KO:K06752 ]
100673529 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DO beta chain [KO:K06752 ]
100675728 DLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR-1 beta chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
100669075 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ beta 1 chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
100666146 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR alpha chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
100665860 DLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR-1 beta chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
100675445 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR alpha chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
100667002 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR alpha chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
100664981 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR alpha chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
100665266 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: mamu class II histocompatibility antigen, DR alpha chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
100671834 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP beta 1 chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
111748122 SLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ haplotype C beta chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
100672669 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM beta chain isoform X1 [KO:K06752 ]
100674958 mamu class II histocompatibility antigen, DR alpha chain [KO:K06752 ]
100665550 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR alpha chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
100665834 DLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR-1 beta chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
111748125 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP beta 1 chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
100671798 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP alpha 1 chain [KO:K06752 ]
100673824 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ beta 2 chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
100659676 DLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR-1 beta chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
100666178 CD40; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 5 [KO:K03160 ]
Compound Reference Authors Arakelov A, Lakkis FG.
Title The alloimmune response and effector mechanisms of allograft rejection.
Journal Semin Nephrol 20:95-102 (2000)
Reference Authors Le Moine A, Goldman M, Abramowicz D.
Title Multiple pathways to allograft rejection.
Journal Reference Authors Trivedi HL.
Title Immunobiology of rejection and adaptation.
Journal Reference Authors Pietra BA.
Title Transplantation immunology 2003: simplified approach.
Journal Reference Authors Oka T, Yoshimura N.
Title Immunosuppression in organ transplantation.
Journal Reference Authors Sayegh MH.
Title Why do we reject a graft? Role of indirect allorecognition in graft rejection.
Journal Reference Authors Benichou G.
Title Direct and indirect antigen recognition: the pathways to allograft immune rejection.
Journal Reference Authors Turvey SE, Wood KJ.
Title Immunobiology of solid organ transplantation.
Journal Int Surg 84:279-90 (1999)
Reference Authors Janeway CA, Travers P, Walport M, Shlomchik MJ.
Title Immunobiology 6th edition
Journal Garland Science Publishing (2005)
Reference Authors Game DS, Lechler RI.
Title Pathways of allorecognition: implications for transplantation tolerance.
Journal Reference Authors Lechler RI, Garden OA, Turka LA.
Title The complementary roles of deletion and regulation in transplantation tolerance.
Journal Related lav04610 Complement and coagulation cascades
lav04612 Antigen processing and presentation
lav04660 T cell receptor signaling pathway
lav04662 B cell receptor signaling pathway
KO pathway LinkDB All DBs
