KEGG   PATHWAY: lper00270
Entry
lper00270                   Pathway                                
Name
Cysteine and methionine metabolism - Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass)
Description
Cysteine and methionine are sulfur-containing amino acids. Cysteine is synthesized from serine through different pathways in different organism groups. In bacteria and plants, cysteine is converted from serine (via acetylserine) by transfer of hydrogen sulfide [MD:M00021]. In animals, methionine-derived homocysteine is used as sulfur source and its condensation product with serine (cystathionine) is converted to cysteine [MD:M00338]. Cysteine is metabolized to pyruvate in multiple routes. Methionine is an essential amino acid, which animals cannot synthesize. In bacteria and plants, methionine is synthesized from aspartate [MD:M00017]. S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM), synthesized from methionine and ATP, is a methyl group donor in many important transfer reactions including DNA methylation for regulation of gene expression. SAM may also be used to regenerate methionine in the methionine salvage pathway [MD:M00034].
Class
Metabolism; Amino acid metabolism
Pathway map
lper00270  Cysteine and methionine metabolism
lper00270

Module
lper_M00021  Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:lper00270]
lper_M00034  Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:lper00270]
lper_M00368  Ethylene biosynthesis, methionine => ethylene [PATH:lper00270]
Other DBs
GO: 0006534 0006555
Organism
Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass) [GN:lper]
Gene
127297107  probable serine acetyltransferase 4 [KO:K00640] [EC:2.3.1.30]
127297164  probable serine acetyltransferase 2 [KO:K00640] [EC:2.3.1.30]
127317042  probable serine acetyltransferase 1 [KO:K00640] [EC:2.3.1.30]
127343630  probable serine acetyltransferase 1 [KO:K00640] [EC:2.3.1.30]
127325883  probable serine acetyltransferase 5 [KO:K00640] [EC:2.3.1.30]
127313204  cysteine synthase-like isoform X1 [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
127296483  cysteine synthase 2 [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
127341429  cysteine synthase-like [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
127298498  cysteine synthase [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
127300823  cysteine synthase-like [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
127307787  cysteine synthase-like [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
127311269  cysteine synthase-like [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
127334818  cysteine synthase-like [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
127297363  bifunctional L-3-cyanoalanine synthase/cysteine synthase, mitochondrial-like [KO:K13034] [EC:2.5.1.47 4.4.1.9]
127300391  bifunctional L-3-cyanoalanine synthase/cysteine synthase 2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K13034] [EC:2.5.1.47 4.4.1.9]
127318006  cystathionine beta-lyase, chloroplastic [KO:K01760] [EC:4.4.1.13]
127338705  homocysteine S-methyltransferase 4-like isoform X1 [KO:K00547] [EC:2.1.1.10]
127296456  homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1 [KO:K00547] [EC:2.1.1.10]
127298744  homocysteine S-methyltransferase 3 [KO:K00547] [EC:2.1.1.10]
127333792  homocysteine S-methyltransferase 2-like [KO:K00547] [EC:2.1.1.10]
127293604  5-methyltetrahydropteroyltriglutamate-- homocysteine methyltransferase 1 [KO:K00549] [EC:2.1.1.14]
127298520  5-methyltetrahydropteroyltriglutamate-- homocysteine methyltransferase 1-like [KO:K00549] [EC:2.1.1.14]
127342606  S-adenosylmethionine synthase 4 isoform X1 [KO:K00789] [EC:2.5.1.6]
127327031  S-adenosylmethionine synthase 3 [KO:K00789] [EC:2.5.1.6]
127327149  S-adenosylmethionine synthase 1 [KO:K00789] [EC:2.5.1.6]
127335416  S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase proenzyme [KO:K01611] [EC:4.1.1.50]
127301511  S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase proenzyme-like [KO:K01611] [EC:4.1.1.50]
127307143  S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase proenzyme-like [KO:K01611] [EC:4.1.1.50]
127314029  spermine synthase-like [KO:K00797] [EC:2.5.1.16]
127301733  spermidine synthase 1 [KO:K00797] [EC:2.5.1.16]
127307391  spermine synthase-like [KO:K00797] [EC:2.5.1.16]
127336359  probable nicotianamine synthase 2 [KO:K05953] [EC:2.5.1.43]
127295613  probable nicotianamine synthase 2 [KO:K05953] [EC:2.5.1.43]
127345328  probable nicotianamine synthase 2 [KO:K05953] [EC:2.5.1.43]
127327535  nicotianamine synthase 2-like [KO:K05953] [EC:2.5.1.43]
127305698  nicotianamine synthase-like 5 protein [KO:K05953] [EC:2.5.1.43]
127331413  nicotianamine synthase 9 [KO:K05953] [EC:2.5.1.43]
127331752  probable nicotianamine synthase 2 [KO:K05953] [EC:2.5.1.43]
127334576  nicotianamine synthase 2-like [KO:K05953] [EC:2.5.1.43]
127311624  5'-methylthioadenosine/S-adenosylhomocysteine nucleosidase [KO:K01244] [EC:3.2.2.16]
127337246  methylthioribose kinase 1 [KO:K00899] [EC:2.7.1.100]
127294077  methylthioribose-1-phosphate isomerase [KO:K08963] [EC:5.3.1.23]
127344746  probable bifunctional methylthioribulose-1-phosphate dehydratase/enolase-phosphatase E1 isoform X1 [KO:K16054] [EC:4.2.1.109 3.1.3.77]
127296538  probable bifunctional methylthioribulose-1-phosphate dehydratase/enolase-phosphatase E1 [KO:K09880] [EC:3.1.3.77]
127293970  acireductone dioxygenase 4-like [KO:K08967] [EC:1.13.11.53 1.13.11.54]
127296825  acireductone dioxygenase 2 [KO:K08967] [EC:1.13.11.53 1.13.11.54]
127298961  heat stress transcription factor A-2c-like isoform X1 [KO:K08967] [EC:1.13.11.53 1.13.11.54]
127299449  heat stress transcription factor A-2c-like isoform X1 [KO:K08967] [EC:1.13.11.53 1.13.11.54]
127301807  uncharacterized protein LOC127301807 [KO:K23977] [EC:2.6.1.117]
127295420  nicotianamine aminotransferase 1-like [KO:K00815] [EC:2.6.1.5]
127313798  nicotianamine aminotransferase 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K00815] [EC:2.6.1.5]
127317529  nicotianamine aminotransferase 1-like [KO:K00815] [EC:2.6.1.5]
127305733  nicotianamine aminotransferase 1-like [KO:K00815] [EC:2.6.1.5]
127341709  aromatic aminotransferase ISS1 [KO:K00837] [EC:2.6.1.-]
127313828  methionine gamma-lyase-like [KO:K01761] [EC:4.4.1.11]
127306364  methionine gamma-lyase-like [KO:K01761] [EC:4.4.1.11]
127312223  DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase CMT1-like isoform X1 [KO:K00558] [EC:2.1.1.37]
127312617  DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase CMT1-like [KO:K00558] [EC:2.1.1.37]
127312632  DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase CMT1-like [KO:K00558] [EC:2.1.1.37]
127295920  DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase CMT2-like isoform X1 [KO:K00558] [EC:2.1.1.37]
127296284  DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase CMT1-like [KO:K00558] [EC:2.1.1.37]
127316310  DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase CMT1-like [KO:K00558] [EC:2.1.1.37]
127316749  DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1A-like [KO:K00558] [EC:2.1.1.37]
127317404  DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase CMT3-like [KO:K00558] [EC:2.1.1.37]
127317563  DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase CMT3-like [KO:K00558] [EC:2.1.1.37]
127319154  DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase CMT1-like [KO:K00558] [EC:2.1.1.37]
127319197  DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase CMT1-like isoform X1 [KO:K00558] [EC:2.1.1.37]
127321970  DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1B [KO:K00558] [EC:2.1.1.37]
127323878  DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1-like [KO:K00558] [EC:2.1.1.37]
127325819  DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase CMT1-like [KO:K00558] [EC:2.1.1.37]
127292378  DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1A-like [KO:K00558] [EC:2.1.1.37]
127311321  DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase CMT1-like [KO:K00558] [EC:2.1.1.37]
127348086  PWWP domain-containing protein 1-like [KO:K17398] [EC:2.1.1.37]
127308916  adenosylhomocysteinase-like [KO:K01251] [EC:3.13.2.1]
127308951  adenosylhomocysteinase [KO:K01251] [EC:3.13.2.1]
127336444  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 2-like [KO:K20772] [EC:4.4.1.14]
127341503  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 5 [KO:K01762] [EC:4.4.1.14]
127331915  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 3-like [KO:K01762] [EC:4.4.1.14]
127293061  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 1-like [KO:K01762] [EC:4.4.1.14]
127294807  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase-like [KO:K05933] [EC:1.14.17.4]
127313274  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase 1 [KO:K05933] [EC:1.14.17.4]
127342740  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase 1-like [KO:K05933] [EC:1.14.17.4]
127301787  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase 1-like [KO:K05933] [EC:1.14.17.4]
127301789  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase 1-like [KO:K05933] [EC:1.14.17.4]
127348096  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase-like [KO:K05933] [EC:1.14.17.4]
127348103  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase-like [KO:K05933] [EC:1.14.17.4]
127306000  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase 1-like [KO:K05933] [EC:1.14.17.4]
127306001  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase 1-like [KO:K05933] [EC:1.14.17.4]
127345479  aspartokinase 1, chloroplastic-like [KO:K00928] [EC:2.7.2.4]
127291770  uncharacterized protein LOC127291770 [KO:K00928] [EC:2.7.2.4]
127291776  aspartokinase 1, chloroplastic-like [KO:K00928] [EC:2.7.2.4]
127300585  bifunctional aspartokinase/homoserine dehydrogenase 2, chloroplastic isoform X1 [KO:K12524] [EC:2.7.2.4 1.1.1.3]
127292734  uncharacterized protein LOC127292734 [KO:K00133] [EC:1.2.1.11]
127302415  homoserine kinase-like [KO:K00872] [EC:2.7.1.39]
127331850  homoserine kinase-like [KO:K00872] [EC:2.7.1.39]
127332281  cystathionine gamma-synthase 1, chloroplastic [KO:K27857] [EC:2.5.1.160]
127335962  probable cystathionine gamma-synthase 2 [KO:K27857] [EC:2.5.1.160]
127329376  cystathionine gamma-synthase 1, chloroplastic-like [KO:K27857] [EC:2.5.1.160]
127335970  branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase 2, chloroplastic-like isoform X1 [KO:K00826] [EC:2.6.1.42]
127296318  branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase 2, chloroplastic-like isoform X1 [KO:K00826] [EC:2.6.1.42]
127299051  branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase 2, chloroplastic-like [KO:K00826] [EC:2.6.1.42]
127321801  branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase 2, chloroplastic-like isoform X1 [KO:K00826] [EC:2.6.1.42]
127308473  branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase 2, chloroplastic-like isoform X1 [KO:K00826] [EC:2.6.1.42]
127296920  alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2 homolog 1, mitochondrial [KO:K00827] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.40]
127319278  alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2 homolog 3, mitochondrial-like [KO:K00827] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.40]
127331565  alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2 homolog 3, mitochondrial-like [KO:K00827] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.40]
127297539  glutamate--cysteine ligase B, chloroplastic-like [KO:K01919] [EC:6.3.2.2]
127297541  glutamate--cysteine ligase B, chloroplastic-like [KO:K01919] [EC:6.3.2.2]
127345247  glutamate--cysteine ligase A, chloroplastic [KO:K01919] [EC:6.3.2.2]
127295411  glutathione synthetase, chloroplastic-like [KO:K21456] [EC:6.3.2.3]
127319627  glutathione synthetase, chloroplastic-like [KO:K21456] [EC:6.3.2.3]
127343967  aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic [KO:K14454] [EC:2.6.1.1]
127314098  aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial-like [KO:K14455] [EC:2.6.1.1]
127321011  aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial-like [KO:K14455] [EC:2.6.1.1]
127305154  aspartate aminotransferase P2, mitochondrial [KO:K00811] [EC:2.6.1.1]
127298730  thiosulfate/3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K01011] [EC:2.8.1.1 2.8.1.2]
127307909  thiosulfate/3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase 1, mitochondrial-like isoform X1 [KO:K01011] [EC:2.8.1.1 2.8.1.2]
127317694  L-lactate dehydrogenase B-like [KO:K00016] [EC:1.1.1.27]
127327204  L-lactate dehydrogenase A [KO:K00016] [EC:1.1.1.27]
127343455  putative D-cysteine desulfhydrase 2, mitochondrial [KO:K05396] [EC:4.4.1.15]
127343456  putative D-cysteine desulfhydrase 2, mitochondrial [KO:K05396] [EC:4.4.1.15]
127306016  putative D-cysteine desulfhydrase 1, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K05396] [EC:4.4.1.15]
127306018  putative D-cysteine desulfhydrase 1, mitochondrial [KO:K05396] [EC:4.4.1.15]
127293037  putative D-cysteine desulfhydrase 1, mitochondrial [KO:K05396] [EC:4.4.1.15]
127293040  putative D-cysteine desulfhydrase 1, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K05396] [EC:4.4.1.15]
127293044  putative D-cysteine desulfhydrase 1, mitochondrial [KO:K05396] [EC:4.4.1.15]
127342598  putative L-cysteine desulfhydrase 1 [KO:K22207] [EC:4.4.1.28]
127335844  malate dehydrogenase-like [KO:K00025] [EC:1.1.1.37]
127300519  malate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmic [KO:K00025] [EC:1.1.1.37]
127343139  malate dehydrogenase 1, mitochondrial-like [KO:K00026] [EC:1.1.1.37]
127301695  malate dehydrogenase, chloroplastic [KO:K00026] [EC:1.1.1.37]
127326333  malate dehydrogenase, glyoxysomal [KO:K00026] [EC:1.1.1.37]
127327740  malate dehydrogenase 1, mitochondrial-like [KO:K00026] [EC:1.1.1.37]
127292626  malate dehydrogenase, glyoxysomal-like [KO:K00026] [EC:1.1.1.37]
127344838  cysteine synthase-like [KO:K22846] [EC:2.5.1.144]
127311701  D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase 3, chloroplastic-like [KO:K00058] [EC:1.1.1.95 1.1.1.399]
127336881  D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase 1, chloroplastic-like [KO:K00058] [EC:1.1.1.95 1.1.1.399]
127318467  D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase 3, chloroplastic-like [KO:K00058] [EC:1.1.1.95 1.1.1.399]
127296789  phosphoserine aminotransferase 1, chloroplastic-like [KO:K00831] [EC:2.6.1.52]
Compound
C00019  S-Adenosyl-L-methionine
C00021  S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine
C00022  Pyruvate
C00041  L-Alanine
C00049  L-Aspartate
C00051  Glutathione
C00059  Sulfate
C00065  L-Serine
C00073  L-Methionine
C00094  Sulfite
C00097  L-Cysteine
C00109  2-Oxobutanoate
C00155  L-Homocysteine
C00170  5'-Methylthioadenosine
C00197  3-Phospho-D-glycerate
C00263  L-Homoserine
C00283  Hydrogen sulfide
C00409  Methanethiol
C00441  L-Aspartate 4-semialdehyde
C00491  L-Cystine
C00506  L-Cysteate
C00606  3-Sulfino-L-alanine
C00793  D-Cysteine
C00957  Mercaptopyruvate
C00979  O-Acetyl-L-serine
C01005  O-Phospho-L-serine
C01077  O-Acetyl-L-homoserine
C01102  O-Phospho-L-homoserine
C01118  O-Succinyl-L-homoserine
C01137  S-Adenosylmethioninamine
C01180  4-Methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid
C01234  1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate
C01817  L-Homocystine
C01962  Thiocysteine
C02218  Dehydroalanine
C02291  L-Cystathionine
C02356  (S)-2-Aminobutanoate
C02989  L-Methionine S-oxide
C03082  4-Phospho-L-aspartate
C03089  5-Methylthio-D-ribose
C03145  N-Formylmethionine
C03232  3-Phosphonooxypyruvate
C03431  S-Inosyl-L-homocysteine
C03539  S-Ribosyl-L-homocysteine
C04188  S-Methyl-5-thio-D-ribose 1-phosphate
C04582  S-Methyl-5-thio-D-ribulose 1-phosphate
C05324  Nicotianamine
C05524  Aminoacyl-L-methionine
C05526  S-Glutathionyl-L-cysteine
C05527  3-Sulfinylpyruvate
C05528  3-Sulfopyruvate
C05823  3-Mercaptolactate
C05824  S-Sulfo-L-cysteine
C06547  Ethylene
C08276  3-(Methylthio)propanoate
C09306  Sulfur dioxide
C11437  1-Deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate
C11481  HSO3-
C11499  (S)-3-Sulfolactate
C11537  (2R)-3-Sulfolactate
C15606  1,2-Dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one
C15650  2,3-Diketo-5-methylthiopentyl-1-phosphate
C15651  2-Hydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate
C18049  N-Acyl-L-homoserine lactone
C19787  5'-S-Methyl-5'-thioinosine
C21015  gamma-L-Glutamyl-L-2-aminobutyrate
C21016  Ophthalmate
C22359  S-Methyl-1-thio-D-xylulose 5-phosphate
Reference
  Authors
Sekowska A, Denervaud V, Ashida H, Michoud K, Haas D, Yokota A, Danchin A
  Title
Bacterial variations on the methionine salvage pathway.
  Journal
BMC Microbiol 4:9 (2004)
DOI:10.1186/1471-2180-4-9
Reference
  Authors
Ashida H, Saito Y, Kojima C, Kobayashi K, Ogasawara N, Yokota A.
  Title
A functional link between RuBisCO-like protein of Bacillus and photosynthetic RuBisCO.
  Journal
Science 302:286-90 (2003)
DOI:10.1126/science.1086997
Reference
  Authors
Sekowska A, Danchin A.
  Title
The methionine salvage pathway in Bacillus subtilis.
  Journal
BMC Microbiol 2:8 (2002)
DOI:10.1186/1471-2180-2-8
Reference
  Authors
Berger BJ, English S, Chan G, Knodel MH.
  Title
Methionine regeneration and aminotransferases in Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus anthracis.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 185:2418-31 (2003)
DOI:10.1128/JB.185.8.2418-2431.2003
Reference
  Authors
Goyer A, Collakova E, Shachar-Hill Y, Hanson AD
  Title
Functional characterization of a methionine gamma-lyase in Arabidopsis and its implication in an alternative to the reverse trans-sulfuration pathway.
  Journal
Plant Cell Physiol 48:232-42 (2007)
DOI:10.1093/pcp/pcl055
Reference
  Authors
Rebeille F, Jabrin S, Bligny R, Loizeau K, Gambonnet B, Van Wilder V, Douce R, Ravanel S
  Title
Methionine catabolism in Arabidopsis cells is initiated by a gamma-cleavage process and leads to S-methylcysteine and isoleucine syntheses.
  Journal
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103:15687-92 (2006)
DOI:10.1073/pnas.0606195103
Reference
  Authors
Pirkov I, Norbeck J, Gustafsson L, Albers E
  Title
A complete inventory of all enzymes in the eukaryotic methionine salvage pathway.
  Journal
FEBS J 275:4111-20 (2008)
DOI:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06552.x
Reference
  Authors
Ashida H, Saito Y, Kojima C, Yokota A
  Title
Enzymatic characterization of 5-methylthioribulose-1-phosphate dehydratase of the methionine salvage pathway in Bacillus subtilis.
  Journal
Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 72:959-67 (2008)
DOI:10.1271/bbb.70651
Reference
  Authors
Kitabatake M, So MW, Tumbula DL, Soll D
  Title
Cysteine biosynthesis pathway in the archaeon Methanosarcina barkeri encoded by acquired bacterial genes?
  Journal
J Bacteriol 182:143-5 (2000)
DOI:10.1128/JB.182.1.143-145.2000
Reference
  Authors
Mino K, Ishikawa K
  Title
Characterization of a novel thermostable O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase from Aeropyrum pernix K1.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 185:2277-84 (2003)
DOI:10.1128/JB.185.7.2277-2284.2003
Reference
  Authors
Tanabe S
  Title
Development of assay methods for endogenous inorganic sulfur compounds and sulfurtransferases and evaluation of the physiological functions of bound sulfur.
  Journal
Yakugaku Zasshi 128:881-900 (2008)
DOI:10.1248/yakushi.128.881
Reference
  Authors
Nishizuka Y, Seyama Y, Ikai A, Ishimura Y, Kawaguchi A (eds).
  Title
[Cellular Functions and Metabolic Maps] (In Japanese)
  Journal
Tokyo Kagaku Dojin (1997)
Reference
  Authors
Gutierrez JA, Crowder T, Rinaldo-Matthis A, Ho MC, Almo SC, Schramm VL
  Title
Transition state analogs of 5'-methylthioadenosine nucleosidase disrupt quorum sensing.
  Journal
Nat Chem Biol 5:251-7 (2009)
DOI:10.1038/nchembio.153
Related
pathway
lper00010  Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
lper00250  Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
lper00260  Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism
lper00290  Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis
lper00430  Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism
lper00480  Glutathione metabolism
lper00620  Pyruvate metabolism
lper00640  Propanoate metabolism
lper00770  Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis
lper00900  Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
lper00920  Sulfur metabolism
KO pathway
ko00270   
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