Entry
Name
Cardiac muscle contraction - Marmota marmota marmota (Alpine marmot)
Description
Contraction of the heart is a complex process initiated by the electrical excitation of cardiac myocytes (excitation-contraction coupling, ECC). In cardiac myocytes, Ca2+ influx induced by activation of voltage-dependent L-type Ca channels (DHP receptors) upon membrane depolarization triggers the release of Ca2+ via Ca2+ release channels (ryanodine receptors) of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) through a Ca2+ -induced Ca release (CICR) mechanism. Ca2+ ions released via the CICR mechanism diffuse through the cytosolic space to contractile proteins to bind to troponinC resulting in the release of inhibition induced by troponinI. The Ca2+ binding to troponinC thereby triggers the sliding of thin and thick filaments, that is, the activation of a crossbridge and subsequent cardiac force development and/or cell shortening. Recovery occurs as Ca2+ is pumped out of the cell by the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) or is returned to the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) by sarco(endo)plasmic Ca2+ -ATPase (SERCA) pumps on the non-junctional region of the SR.
Class
Organismal Systems; Circulatory system
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Ortholog table
Other DBs
Organism
Marmota marmota marmota (Alpine marmot) [GN:
mmma ]
Gene
107154890 Cacna1c; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C isoform X1 [KO:K04850 ]
107149619 Cacna1d; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X1 [KO:K04851 ]
107159825 Cacna1f; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F isoform X1 [KO:K04853 ]
107140653 Cacna1s; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S [KO:K04857 ]
107160036 Cacnb1; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-1 [KO:K04862 ]
107140389 Cacnb2; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04863 ]
107148590 Cacnb3; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K04864 ]
107136859 Cacnb4; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K04865 ]
107144442 Cacna2d1; voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04858 ]
107143179 Cacna2d2; voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04859 ]
125616237 Cacna2d3; voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-3 [KO:K04860 ]
125611895 Cacna2d4; voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K04861 ]
107158306 Cacng1; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-1 subunit [KO:K04866 ]
107139776 Cacng2; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit [KO:K04867 ]
107146871 Cacng3; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-3 subunit [KO:K04868 ]
107158308 Cacng4; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-4 subunit [KO:K04869 ]
107158358 Cacng5; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-5 subunit [KO:K04870 ]
107158869 Cacng6; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-6 subunit [KO:K04871 ]
107158933 Cacng7; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-7 subunit [KO:K04872 ]
107158871 Cacng8; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-8 subunit [KO:K04873 ]
107151259 Hrc; sarcoplasmic reticulum histidine-rich calcium-binding protein [KO:K23450 ]
107156437 Myl2; myosin regulatory light chain 2, ventricular/cardiac muscle isoform isoform X1 [KO:K10351 ]
107149921 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit Rieske, mitochondrial-like [KO:K00411 ] [EC:7.1.1.8 ]
107141806 cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 6, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00416 ]
107150843 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K02263 ]
107134718 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02263 ]
107159065 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 2, mitochondrial [KO:K02263 ]
107148749 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5B, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02265 ]
107137328 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A-related protein, mitochondrial [KO:K02270 ]
107137972 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A-related protein, mitochondrial [KO:K02270 ]
107149546 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A-related protein, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02270 ]
107153341 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K02270 ]
107160422 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A-related protein, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02270 ]
107143346 Atp1b3; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3 [KO:K01540 ]
107147406 Atp1b1; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1 [KO:K01540 ]
107158005 Atp1b2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2 [KO:K01540 ]
107145819 Fxyd2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gamma isoform X2 [KO:K01538 ]
Compound
Reference
Authors
Bers DM
Title
Calcium cycling and signaling in cardiac myocytes.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Bers DM
Title
Cardiac excitation-contraction coupling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Endoh M
Title
Signal transduction and Ca2+ signaling in intact myocardium.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Endoh M
Title
Cardiac Ca2+ signaling and Ca2+ sensitizers.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Bers DM, Despa S
Title
Cardiac myocytes Ca2+ and Na+ regulation in normal and failing hearts.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Gordon AM, Homsher E, Regnier M
Title
Regulation of contraction in striated muscle.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Phrommintikul A, Chattipakorn N
Title
Roles of cardiac ryanodine receptor in heart failure and sudden cardiac death.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Lacinova L
Title
Voltage-dependent calcium channels.
Journal
Gen Physiol Biophys 24 Suppl 1:1-78 (2005)
Reference
Authors
Lingrel J, Moseley A, Dostanic I, Cougnon M, He S, James P, Woo A, O'Connor K, Neumann J
Title
Functional roles of the alpha isoforms of the Na,K-ATPase.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Berg JS, Powell BC, Cheney RE
Title
A millennial myosin census.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Parmacek MS, Solaro RJ
Title
Biology of the troponin complex in cardiac myocytes.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Yamashita H, Sugiura S, Fujita H, Yasuda S, Nagai R, Saeki Y, Sunagawa K, Sugi H
Title
Myosin light chain isoforms modify force-generating ability of cardiac myosin by changing the kinetics of actin-myosin interaction.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Pritchard TJ, Kranias EG
Title
Junctin and the histidine-rich Ca2+ binding protein: potential roles in heart failure and arrhythmogenesis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Landstrom AP, Dobrev D, Wehrens XHT
Title
Calcium Signaling and Cardiac Arrhythmias.
Journal
Related pathway
KO pathway
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