KEGG   PATHWAY: pale00260
Entry
pale00260                   Pathway                                
Name
Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism - Pteropus alecto (black flying fox)
Description
Serine is derived from 3-phospho-D-glycerate, an intermediate of glycolysis [MD:M00020], and glycine is derived from serine. Threonine is an essential amino acid, which animals cannot synthesize. In bacteria and plants, threonine is derived from aspartate [MD:M00018].
Class
Metabolism; Amino acid metabolism
Pathway map
pale00260  Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism
pale00260

Module
pale_M00020  Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:pale00260]
pale_M00047  Creatine pathway [PATH:pale00260]
pale_M00338  Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:pale00260]
pale_M00555  Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:pale00260]
pale_M00621  Glycine cleavage system [PATH:pale00260]
pale_M00974  Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:pale00260]
Other DBs
GO: 0006544 0006563 0070178 0006566
Organism
Pteropus alecto (black flying fox) [GN:pale]
Gene
102886480  SHMT2; serine hydroxymethyltransferase, mitochondrial [KO:K00600] [EC:2.1.2.1]
102878386  SHMT1; serine hydroxymethyltransferase, cytosolic [KO:K00600] [EC:2.1.2.1]
102897995  AGXT; serine--pyruvate aminotransferase [KO:K00830] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.45 2.6.1.51]
102888080  GRHPR; glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase isoform X2 [KO:K00049] [EC:1.1.1.79 1.1.1.81]
102898702  GLYCTK; glycerate kinase isoform X2 [KO:K11529] [EC:2.7.1.165]
102887139  PGAM1; phosphoglycerate mutase 1 [KO:K01834] [EC:5.4.2.11]
102883647  PGAM2; phosphoglycerate mutase 2 [KO:K01834] [EC:5.4.2.11]
102886645  BPGM; bisphosphoglycerate mutase [KO:K01837] [EC:5.4.2.4 5.4.2.11]
102892125  PHGDH; D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase [KO:K00058] [EC:1.1.1.95 1.1.1.399]
102878168  phosphoserine aminotransferase [KO:K00831] [EC:2.6.1.52]
102879185  PSPH; phosphoserine phosphatase [KO:K01079] [EC:3.1.3.3]
102888256  GCAT; 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate coenzyme A ligase, mitochondrial [KO:K00639] [EC:2.3.1.29]
107196786  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: L-threonine 3-dehydrogenase, mitochondrial-like [KO:K15789] [EC:1.1.1.103]
102894224  ALAS1; 5-aminolevulinate synthase, nonspecific, mitochondrial [KO:K00643] [EC:2.3.1.37]
102898326  ALAS2; 5-aminolevulinate synthase, erythroid-specific, mitochondrial [KO:K00643] [EC:2.3.1.37]
102878757  MAOA; amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
102879012  MAOB; amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
102898390  membrane primary amine oxidase [KO:K00276] [EC:1.4.3.21]
102898638  AOC2; retina-specific copper amine oxidase isoform X1 [KO:K00276] [EC:1.4.3.21]
102897640  membrane primary amine oxidase [KO:K00276] [EC:1.4.3.21]
102878093  GLDC; glycine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating), mitochondrial [KO:K00281] [EC:1.4.4.2]
102892168  AMT; aminomethyltransferase, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00605] [EC:2.1.2.10]
102881871  DLD; dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K00382] [EC:1.8.1.4]
102898084  GCSH; glycine cleavage system H protein, mitochondrial [KO:K02437]
107196337  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: glycine cleavage system H protein, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02437]
102889021  DAO; D-amino-acid oxidase [KO:K00273] [EC:1.4.3.3]
102888844  AGXT2; alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00827] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.40]
102894268  GATM; glycine amidinotransferase, mitochondrial [KO:K00613] [EC:2.1.4.1]
102878441  GAMT; guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase [KO:K00542] [EC:2.1.1.2]
102891951  CHDH; choline dehydrogenase, mitochondrial [KO:K00108] [EC:1.1.99.1]
102880590  ALDH7A1; alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase [KO:K14085] [EC:1.2.1.31 1.2.1.8 1.2.1.3]
102887754  BHMT; betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1 [KO:K00544] [EC:2.1.1.5]
102895924  DMGDH; dimethylglycine dehydrogenase, mitochondrial [KO:K00315] [EC:1.5.8.4]
102880215  PIPOX; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: peroxisomal sarcosine oxidase [KO:K00306] [EC:1.5.3.1 1.5.3.7]
102882489  SARDH; sarcosine dehydrogenase, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00314] [EC:1.5.8.3]
102898977  GNMT; glycine N-methyltransferase isoform X1 [KO:K00552] [EC:2.1.1.20]
102882734  CBS; cystathionine beta-synthase isoform X1 [KO:K01697] [EC:4.2.1.22]
102890101  CTH; cystathionine gamma-lyase [KO:K01758] [EC:4.4.1.1]
102881107  SDS; L-serine dehydratase/L-threonine deaminase [KO:K17989] [EC:4.3.1.17 4.3.1.19]
102890482  SDSL; serine dehydratase-like [KO:K17989] [EC:4.3.1.17 4.3.1.19]
102891663  SRR; serine racemase [KO:K12235] [EC:5.1.1.18]
Compound
C00011  CO2
C00014  Ammonia
C00022  Pyruvate
C00037  Glycine
C00048  Glyoxylate
C00049  L-Aspartate
C00065  L-Serine
C00078  L-Tryptophan
C00097  L-Cysteine
C00101  Tetrahydrofolate
C00109  2-Oxobutanoate
C00114  Choline
C00143  5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate
C00168  Hydroxypyruvate
C00188  L-Threonine
C00197  3-Phospho-D-glycerate
C00213  Sarcosine
C00258  D-Glycerate
C00263  L-Homoserine
C00300  Creatine
C00430  5-Aminolevulinate
C00441  L-Aspartate 4-semialdehyde
C00546  Methylglyoxal
C00576  Betaine aldehyde
C00581  Guanidinoacetate
C00631  2-Phospho-D-glycerate
C00719  Betaine
C00740  D-Serine
C00986  1,3-Diaminopropane
C01005  O-Phospho-L-serine
C01026  N,N-Dimethylglycine
C01102  O-Phospho-L-homoserine
C01242  [Protein]-S8-aminomethyldihydrolipoyllysine
C01888  Aminoacetone
C02051  Lipoylprotein
C02291  L-Cystathionine
C02737  Phosphatidylserine
C02972  Dihydrolipoylprotein
C03082  4-Phospho-L-aspartate
C03194  (R)-1-Aminopropan-2-ol
C03232  3-Phosphonooxypyruvate
C03283  L-2,4-Diaminobutanoate
C03508  L-2-Amino-3-oxobutanoic acid
C05519  L-Allothreonine
C06231  Ectoine
C06442  N(gamma)-Acetyldiaminobutyrate
C16432  5-Hydroxyectoine
C19929  N(alpha)-Acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutyrate
Reference
  Authors
Nishizuka Y, Seyama Y, Ikai A, Ishimura Y, Kawaguchi A (eds).
  Title
[Cellular Functions and Metabolic Maps] (In Japanese)
  Journal
Tokyo Kagaku Dojin (1997)
Reference
PMID:11823218
  Authors
Kuhlmann AU, Bremer E.
  Title
Osmotically regulated synthesis of the compatible solute ectoine in Bacillus pasteurii and related Bacillus spp.
  Journal
Appl Environ Microbiol 68:772-83 (2002)
DOI:10.1128/AEM.68.2.772-783.2002
Reference
PMID:10473374
  Authors
Canovas D, Borges N, Vargas C, Ventosa A, Nieto JJ, Santos H.
  Title
Role of Ngamma-acetyldiaminobutyrate as an enzyme stabilizer and an intermediate in the biosynthesis of hydroxyectoine.
  Journal
Appl Environ Microbiol 65:3774-9 (1999)
DOI:10.1128/AEM.65.9.3774-3779.1999
Reference
PMID:17636255
  Authors
Bursy J, Pierik AJ, Pica N, Bremer E.
  Title
Osmotically induced synthesis of the compatible solute hydroxyectoine is mediated by an evolutionarily conserved ectoine hydroxylase.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 282:31147-55 (2007)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M704023200
Reference
PMID:16707670
  Authors
Garcia-Estepa R, Argandona M, Reina-Bueno M, Capote N, Iglesias-Guerra F, Nieto JJ, Vargas C.
  Title
The ectD gene, which is involved in the synthesis of the compatible solute hydroxyectoine, is essential for thermoprotection of the halophilic bacterium Chromohalobacter salexigens.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 188:3774-84 (2006)
DOI:10.1128/JB.00136-06
Reference
PMID:15470257
  Authors
Arevalo-Rodriguez M, Pan X, Boeke JD, Heitman J
  Title
FKBP12 controls aspartate pathway flux in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to prevent toxic intermediate accumulation.
  Journal
Eukaryot Cell 3:1287-96 (2004)
DOI:10.1128/EC.3.5.1287-1296.2004
Reference
PMID:7639721
  Authors
Rees WD, Hay SM
  Title
The biosynthesis of threonine by mammalian cells: expression of a complete bacterial biosynthetic pathway in an animal cell.
  Journal
Biochem J 309 ( Pt 3):999-1007 (1995)
DOI:10.1042/bj3090999
Reference
PMID:11341914
  Authors
Jacques SL, Nieman C, Bareich D, Broadhead G, Kinach R, Honek JF, Wright GD
  Title
Characterization of yeast homoserine dehydrogenase, an antifungal target: the invariant histidine 309 is important for enzyme integrity.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1544:28-41 (2001)
DOI:10.1016/S0167-4838(00)00203-X
Reference
PMID:15520012
  Authors
Chen X, Jhee KH, Kruger WD
  Title
Production of the neuromodulator H2S by cystathionine beta-synthase via the condensation of cysteine and homocysteine.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 279:52082-6 (2004)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.C400481200
Related
pathway
pale00010  Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
pale00020  Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
pale00230  Purine metabolism
pale00250  Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
pale00270  Cysteine and methionine metabolism
pale00290  Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis
pale00330  Arginine and proline metabolism
pale00470  D-Amino acid metabolism
pale00564  Glycerophospholipid metabolism
pale00600  Sphingolipid metabolism
pale00620  Pyruvate metabolism
pale00630  Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism
pale00640  Propanoate metabolism
pale00860  Porphyrin metabolism
pale00920  Sulfur metabolism
KO pathway
ko00260   
LinkDB

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