KEGG   PATHWAY: pkl00260
Entry
pkl00260                    Pathway                                
Name
Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism - Pipistrellus kuhlii (Kuhl's pipistrelle)
Description
Serine is derived from 3-phospho-D-glycerate, an intermediate of glycolysis [MD:M00020], and glycine is derived from serine. Threonine is an essential amino acid, which animals cannot synthesize. In bacteria and plants, threonine is derived from aspartate [MD:M00018].
Class
Metabolism; Amino acid metabolism
Pathway map
pkl00260  Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism
pkl00260

Module
pkl_M00020  Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:pkl00260]
pkl_M00047  Creatine pathway [PATH:pkl00260]
pkl_M00338  Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:pkl00260]
pkl_M00555  Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:pkl00260]
pkl_M00621  Glycine cleavage system [PATH:pkl00260]
pkl_M00974  Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:pkl00260]
Other DBs
GO: 0006544 0006563 0070178 0006566
Organism
Pipistrellus kuhlii (Kuhl's pipistrelle) [GN:pkl]
Gene
118728912  SHMT2; serine hydroxymethyltransferase, mitochondrial [KO:K00600] [EC:2.1.2.1]
118726739  SHMT1; serine hydroxymethyltransferase, cytosolic [KO:K00600] [EC:2.1.2.1]
118709986  AGXT; serine--pyruvate aminotransferase [KO:K00830] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.45 2.6.1.51]
118716312  GRHPR; glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase isoform X1 [KO:K00049] [EC:1.1.1.79 1.1.1.81]
118715160  GLYCTK; glycerate kinase [KO:K11529] [EC:2.7.1.165]
118719358  PGAM1; phosphoglycerate mutase 1 [KO:K01834] [EC:5.4.2.11]
118717995  PGAM2; phosphoglycerate mutase 2 [KO:K01834] [EC:5.4.2.11]
118713079  BPGM; bisphosphoglycerate mutase [KO:K01837] [EC:5.4.2.4 5.4.2.11]
118727128  PHGDH; D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase isoform X1 [KO:K00058] [EC:1.1.1.95 1.1.1.399]
118716459  PSAT1; phosphoserine aminotransferase isoform X1 [KO:K00831] [EC:2.6.1.52]
118702922  PSPH; phosphoserine phosphatase isoform X1 [KO:K01079] [EC:3.1.3.3]
118730420  GCAT; 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate coenzyme A ligase, mitochondrial [KO:K00639] [EC:2.3.1.29]
118711100  L-threonine 3-dehydrogenase, mitochondrial-like [KO:K15789] [EC:1.1.1.103]
118706468  ALAS2; 5-aminolevulinate synthase, erythroid-specific, mitochondrial [KO:K00643] [EC:2.3.1.37]
118715607  ALAS1; 5-aminolevulinate synthase, nonspecific, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00643] [EC:2.3.1.37]
118731732  MAOA; amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
118731742  MAOB; amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B isoform X1 [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
118726424  AOC3; membrane primary amine oxidase isoform X1 [KO:K00276] [EC:1.4.3.21]
118726426  AOC2; retina-specific copper amine oxidase [KO:K00276] [EC:1.4.3.21]
118716569  GLDC; glycine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating), mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00281] [EC:1.4.4.2]
118715670  AMT; aminomethyltransferase, mitochondrial [KO:K00605] [EC:2.1.2.10]
118714433  DLD; dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00382] [EC:1.8.1.4]
118720912  GCSH; glycine cleavage system H protein, mitochondrial [KO:K02437]
118725222  DAO; D-amino-acid oxidase [KO:K00273] [EC:1.4.3.3]
118703611  AGXT2; alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00827] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.40]
118722026  GATM; glycine amidinotransferase, mitochondrial [KO:K00613] [EC:2.1.4.1]
118711785  GAMT; guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase [KO:K00542] [EC:2.1.1.2]
118715122  CHDH; choline dehydrogenase, mitochondrial [KO:K00108] [EC:1.1.99.1]
118702745  ALDH7A1; alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase isoform X1 [KO:K14085] [EC:1.2.1.31 1.2.1.8 1.2.1.3]
118703445  BHMT; betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1 [KO:K00544] [EC:2.1.1.5]
118703203  DMGDH; dimethylglycine dehydrogenase, mitochondrial [KO:K00315] [EC:1.5.8.4]
118702596  PIPOX; peroxisomal sarcosine oxidase [KO:K00306] [EC:1.5.3.1 1.5.3.7]
118708904  SARDH; sarcosine dehydrogenase, mitochondrial [KO:K00314] [EC:1.5.8.3]
118705248  GNMT; glycine N-methyltransferase [KO:K00552] [EC:2.1.1.20]
118723895  CBS; cystathionine beta-synthase isoform X1 [KO:K01697] [EC:4.2.1.22]
118723664  CTH; cystathionine gamma-lyase [KO:K01758] [EC:4.4.1.1]
118725569  SDSL; serine dehydratase-like isoform X1 [KO:K17989] [EC:4.3.1.17 4.3.1.19]
118725570  SDS; L-serine dehydratase/L-threonine deaminase [KO:K17989] [EC:4.3.1.17 4.3.1.19]
118702524  SRR; serine racemase isoform X1 [KO:K12235] [EC:5.1.1.18]
Compound
C00011  CO2
C00014  Ammonia
C00022  Pyruvate
C00037  Glycine
C00048  Glyoxylate
C00049  L-Aspartate
C00065  L-Serine
C00078  L-Tryptophan
C00097  L-Cysteine
C00101  Tetrahydrofolate
C00109  2-Oxobutanoate
C00114  Choline
C00143  5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate
C00168  Hydroxypyruvate
C00188  L-Threonine
C00197  3-Phospho-D-glycerate
C00213  Sarcosine
C00258  D-Glycerate
C00263  L-Homoserine
C00300  Creatine
C00430  5-Aminolevulinate
C00441  L-Aspartate 4-semialdehyde
C00546  Methylglyoxal
C00576  Betaine aldehyde
C00581  Guanidinoacetate
C00631  2-Phospho-D-glycerate
C00719  Betaine
C00740  D-Serine
C00986  1,3-Diaminopropane
C01005  O-Phospho-L-serine
C01026  N,N-Dimethylglycine
C01102  O-Phospho-L-homoserine
C01242  [Protein]-S8-aminomethyldihydrolipoyllysine
C01888  Aminoacetone
C02051  Lipoylprotein
C02291  L-Cystathionine
C02737  Phosphatidylserine
C02972  Dihydrolipoylprotein
C03082  4-Phospho-L-aspartate
C03194  (R)-1-Aminopropan-2-ol
C03232  3-Phosphonooxypyruvate
C03283  L-2,4-Diaminobutanoate
C03508  L-2-Amino-3-oxobutanoic acid
C05519  L-Allothreonine
C06231  Ectoine
C06442  N(gamma)-Acetyldiaminobutyrate
C16432  5-Hydroxyectoine
C19929  N(alpha)-Acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutyrate
Reference
  Authors
Nishizuka Y, Seyama Y, Ikai A, Ishimura Y, Kawaguchi A (eds).
  Title
[Cellular Functions and Metabolic Maps] (In Japanese)
  Journal
Tokyo Kagaku Dojin (1997)
Reference
PMID:11823218
  Authors
Kuhlmann AU, Bremer E.
  Title
Osmotically regulated synthesis of the compatible solute ectoine in Bacillus pasteurii and related Bacillus spp.
  Journal
Appl Environ Microbiol 68:772-83 (2002)
DOI:10.1128/AEM.68.2.772-783.2002
Reference
PMID:10473374
  Authors
Canovas D, Borges N, Vargas C, Ventosa A, Nieto JJ, Santos H.
  Title
Role of Ngamma-acetyldiaminobutyrate as an enzyme stabilizer and an intermediate in the biosynthesis of hydroxyectoine.
  Journal
Appl Environ Microbiol 65:3774-9 (1999)
DOI:10.1128/AEM.65.9.3774-3779.1999
Reference
PMID:17636255
  Authors
Bursy J, Pierik AJ, Pica N, Bremer E.
  Title
Osmotically induced synthesis of the compatible solute hydroxyectoine is mediated by an evolutionarily conserved ectoine hydroxylase.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 282:31147-55 (2007)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M704023200
Reference
PMID:16707670
  Authors
Garcia-Estepa R, Argandona M, Reina-Bueno M, Capote N, Iglesias-Guerra F, Nieto JJ, Vargas C.
  Title
The ectD gene, which is involved in the synthesis of the compatible solute hydroxyectoine, is essential for thermoprotection of the halophilic bacterium Chromohalobacter salexigens.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 188:3774-84 (2006)
DOI:10.1128/JB.00136-06
Reference
PMID:15470257
  Authors
Arevalo-Rodriguez M, Pan X, Boeke JD, Heitman J
  Title
FKBP12 controls aspartate pathway flux in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to prevent toxic intermediate accumulation.
  Journal
Eukaryot Cell 3:1287-96 (2004)
DOI:10.1128/EC.3.5.1287-1296.2004
Reference
PMID:7639721
  Authors
Rees WD, Hay SM
  Title
The biosynthesis of threonine by mammalian cells: expression of a complete bacterial biosynthetic pathway in an animal cell.
  Journal
Biochem J 309 ( Pt 3):999-1007 (1995)
DOI:10.1042/bj3090999
Reference
PMID:11341914
  Authors
Jacques SL, Nieman C, Bareich D, Broadhead G, Kinach R, Honek JF, Wright GD
  Title
Characterization of yeast homoserine dehydrogenase, an antifungal target: the invariant histidine 309 is important for enzyme integrity.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1544:28-41 (2001)
DOI:10.1016/S0167-4838(00)00203-X
Reference
PMID:15520012
  Authors
Chen X, Jhee KH, Kruger WD
  Title
Production of the neuromodulator H2S by cystathionine beta-synthase via the condensation of cysteine and homocysteine.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 279:52082-6 (2004)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.C400481200
Related
pathway
pkl00010  Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
pkl00020  Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
pkl00230  Purine metabolism
pkl00250  Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
pkl00270  Cysteine and methionine metabolism
pkl00290  Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis
pkl00330  Arginine and proline metabolism
pkl00470  D-Amino acid metabolism
pkl00564  Glycerophospholipid metabolism
pkl00600  Sphingolipid metabolism
pkl00620  Pyruvate metabolism
pkl00630  Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism
pkl00640  Propanoate metabolism
pkl00860  Porphyrin metabolism
pkl00920  Sulfur metabolism
KO pathway
ko00260   
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