KEGG   PATHWAY: pkl00270
Entry
pkl00270                    Pathway                                
Name
Cysteine and methionine metabolism - Pipistrellus kuhlii (Kuhl's pipistrelle)
Description
Cysteine and methionine are sulfur-containing amino acids. Cysteine is synthesized from serine through different pathways in different organism groups. In bacteria and plants, cysteine is converted from serine (via acetylserine) by transfer of hydrogen sulfide [MD:M00021]. In animals, methionine-derived homocysteine is used as sulfur source and its condensation product with serine (cystathionine) is converted to cysteine [MD:M00338]. Cysteine is metabolized to pyruvate in multiple routes. Methionine is an essential amino acid, which animals cannot synthesize. In bacteria and plants, methionine is synthesized from aspartate [MD:M00017]. S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM), synthesized from methionine and ATP, is a methyl group donor in many important transfer reactions including DNA methylation for regulation of gene expression. SAM may also be used to regenerate methionine in the methionine salvage pathway [MD:M00034].
Class
Metabolism; Amino acid metabolism
Pathway map
pkl00270  Cysteine and methionine metabolism
pkl00270

Module
pkl_M00034  Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:pkl00270]
pkl_M00035  Methionine degradation [PATH:pkl00270]
pkl_M00338  Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:pkl00270]
Other DBs
GO: 0006534 0006555
Organism
Pipistrellus kuhlii (Kuhl's pipistrelle) [GN:pkl]
Gene
118723664  CTH; cystathionine gamma-lyase [KO:K01758] [EC:4.4.1.1]
118706695  KYAT1; kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K00816] [EC:2.6.1.7 4.4.1.13 2.6.1.64]
118724023  KYAT3; kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K00816] [EC:2.6.1.7 4.4.1.13 2.6.1.64]
118723895  CBS; cystathionine beta-synthase isoform X1 [KO:K01697] [EC:4.2.1.22]
118703445  BHMT; betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1 [KO:K00544] [EC:2.1.1.5]
118703204  BHMT2; S-methylmethionine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase BHMT2 [KO:K00547] [EC:2.1.1.10]
118727616  MTR; methionine synthase isoform X1 [KO:K00548] [EC:2.1.1.13]
118711474  methionine adenosyltransferase 2 subunit beta-like [KO:K00789] [EC:2.5.1.6]
118717611  MAT2A; S-adenosylmethionine synthase [KO:K00789] [EC:2.5.1.6]
118711187  MAT2B; methionine adenosyltransferase 2 subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K00789] [EC:2.5.1.6]
118719075  MAT1A; S-adenosylmethionine synthase [KO:K00789] [EC:2.5.1.6]
118705624  AMD1; S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase proenzyme [KO:K01611] [EC:4.1.1.50]
118732059  SRM; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: spermidine synthase [KO:K00797] [EC:2.5.1.16]
118719888  SMS; spermine synthase isoform X1 [KO:K00802] [EC:2.5.1.22]
118723672  spermine synthase-like [KO:K00802] [EC:2.5.1.22]
118716634  S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine phosphorylase [KO:K00772] [EC:2.4.2.28]
118729102  LACC1; purine nucleoside phosphorylase LACC1 isoform X1 [KO:K05810] [EC:2.4.2.1 2.4.2.28 3.5.4.4]
118710329  MRI1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: methylthioribose-1-phosphate isomerase [KO:K08963] [EC:5.3.1.23]
118713643  methylthioribulose-1-phosphate dehydratase [KO:K08964] [EC:4.2.1.109]
118704447  ENOPH1; enolase-phosphatase E1 isoform X1 [KO:K09880] [EC:3.1.3.77]
118714848  ADI1; 1,2-dihydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentene dioxygenase [KO:K08967] [EC:1.13.11.53 1.13.11.54]
118720472  TAT; tyrosine aminotransferase [KO:K00815] [EC:2.6.1.5]
118712191  IL4I1; L-amino-acid oxidase isoform X1 [KO:K03334] [EC:1.4.3.2]
118723116  L-amino-acid oxidase-like [KO:K03334] [EC:1.4.3.2]
118705248  GNMT; glycine N-methyltransferase [KO:K00552] [EC:2.1.1.20]
118731143  DNMT1; DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K00558] [EC:2.1.1.37]
118717235  DNMT3A; DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 3A isoform X1 [KO:K17398] [EC:2.1.1.37]
118708509  DNMT3B; DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 3B isoform X1 [KO:K17399] [EC:2.1.1.37]
118727514  AHCYL1; S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase-like protein 1 [KO:K01251] [EC:3.13.2.1]
118712648  AHCYL2; adenosylhomocysteinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K01251] [EC:3.13.2.1]
118708403  AHCY; adenosylhomocysteinase [KO:K01251] [EC:3.13.2.1]
118712168  BCAT2; branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, mitochondrial [KO:K00826] [EC:2.6.1.42]
118729854  BCAT1; branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, cytosolic isoform X1 [KO:K00826] [EC:2.6.1.42]
118703611  AGXT2; alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00827] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.40]
118705348  GCLC; glutamate--cysteine ligase catalytic subunit isoform X1 [KO:K11204] [EC:6.3.2.2]
118723355  GCLM; glutamate--cysteine ligase regulatory subunit isoform X1 [KO:K11205]
118707352  GSS; glutathione synthetase isoform X1 [KO:K21456] [EC:6.3.2.3]
118703886  CDO1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cysteine dioxygenase type 1 [KO:K00456] [EC:1.13.11.20]
118719389  GOT1; aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic [KO:K14454] [EC:2.6.1.1]
118729716  GOT1L1; putative aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic 2 [KO:K14454] [EC:2.6.1.1]
118720406  GOT2; aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K14455] [EC:2.6.1.1]
118728847  MPST; 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase [KO:K01011] [EC:2.8.1.1 2.8.1.2]
118728848  TST; thiosulfate sulfurtransferase [KO:K01011] [EC:2.8.1.1 2.8.1.2]
118712723  L-lactate dehydrogenase A chain isoform X1 [KO:K00016] [EC:1.1.1.27]
118712724  L-lactate dehydrogenase C chain isoform X1 [KO:K00016] [EC:1.1.1.27]
118705805  L-lactate dehydrogenase A-like 6B [KO:K00016] [EC:1.1.1.27]
118730011  LDHB; L-lactate dehydrogenase B chain [KO:K00016] [EC:1.1.1.27]
118724041  L-lactate dehydrogenase B chain-like [KO:K00016] [EC:1.1.1.27]
118725540  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: L-lactate dehydrogenase A chain-like [KO:K00016] [EC:1.1.1.27]
118717425  MDH1; malate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmic [KO:K00025] [EC:1.1.1.37]
118703303  MDH2; malate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00026] [EC:1.1.1.37]
118725569  SDSL; serine dehydratase-like isoform X1 [KO:K17989] [EC:4.3.1.17 4.3.1.19]
118725570  SDS; L-serine dehydratase/L-threonine deaminase [KO:K17989] [EC:4.3.1.17 4.3.1.19]
118727128  PHGDH; D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase isoform X1 [KO:K00058] [EC:1.1.1.95 1.1.1.399]
118716459  PSAT1; phosphoserine aminotransferase isoform X1 [KO:K00831] [EC:2.6.1.52]
Compound
C00019  S-Adenosyl-L-methionine
C00021  S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine
C00022  Pyruvate
C00041  L-Alanine
C00049  L-Aspartate
C00051  Glutathione
C00059  Sulfate
C00065  L-Serine
C00073  L-Methionine
C00094  Sulfite
C00097  L-Cysteine
C00109  2-Oxobutanoate
C00155  L-Homocysteine
C00170  5'-Methylthioadenosine
C00197  3-Phospho-D-glycerate
C00263  L-Homoserine
C00283  Hydrogen sulfide
C00409  Methanethiol
C00441  L-Aspartate 4-semialdehyde
C00491  L-Cystine
C00506  L-Cysteate
C00606  3-Sulfino-L-alanine
C00793  D-Cysteine
C00957  Mercaptopyruvate
C00979  O-Acetyl-L-serine
C01005  O-Phospho-L-serine
C01077  O-Acetyl-L-homoserine
C01118  O-Succinyl-L-homoserine
C01137  S-Adenosylmethioninamine
C01180  4-Methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid
C01234  1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate
C01817  L-Homocystine
C01962  Thiocysteine
C02218  Dehydroalanine
C02291  L-Cystathionine
C02356  (S)-2-Aminobutanoate
C02989  L-Methionine S-oxide
C03082  4-Phospho-L-aspartate
C03089  5-Methylthio-D-ribose
C03145  N-Formylmethionine
C03232  3-Phosphonooxypyruvate
C03431  S-Inosyl-L-homocysteine
C03539  S-Ribosyl-L-homocysteine
C04188  S-Methyl-5-thio-D-ribose 1-phosphate
C04582  S-Methyl-5-thio-D-ribulose 1-phosphate
C05324  Nicotianamine
C05524  Aminoacyl-L-methionine
C05526  S-Glutathionyl-L-cysteine
C05527  3-Sulfinylpyruvate
C05528  3-Sulfopyruvate
C05823  3-Mercaptolactate
C05824  S-Sulfo-L-cysteine
C06547  Ethylene
C08276  3-(Methylthio)propanoate
C09306  Sulfur dioxide
C11437  1-Deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate
C11481  HSO3-
C11499  (S)-3-Sulfolactate
C11537  (2R)-3-Sulfolactate
C15606  1,2-Dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one
C15650  2,3-Diketo-5-methylthiopentyl-1-phosphate
C15651  2-Hydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate
C18049  N-Acyl-L-homoserine lactone
C19787  5'-S-Methyl-5'-thioinosine
C21015  gamma-L-Glutamyl-L-2-aminobutyrate
C21016  Ophthalmate
C22359  S-Methyl-1-thio-D-xylulose 5-phosphate
Reference
  Authors
Sekowska A, Denervaud V, Ashida H, Michoud K, Haas D, Yokota A, Danchin A
  Title
Bacterial variations on the methionine salvage pathway.
  Journal
BMC Microbiol 4:9 (2004)
DOI:10.1186/1471-2180-4-9
Reference
  Authors
Ashida H, Saito Y, Kojima C, Kobayashi K, Ogasawara N, Yokota A.
  Title
A functional link between RuBisCO-like protein of Bacillus and photosynthetic RuBisCO.
  Journal
Science 302:286-90 (2003)
DOI:10.1126/science.1086997
Reference
  Authors
Sekowska A, Danchin A.
  Title
The methionine salvage pathway in Bacillus subtilis.
  Journal
BMC Microbiol 2:8 (2002)
DOI:10.1186/1471-2180-2-8
Reference
  Authors
Berger BJ, English S, Chan G, Knodel MH.
  Title
Methionine regeneration and aminotransferases in Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus anthracis.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 185:2418-31 (2003)
DOI:10.1128/JB.185.8.2418-2431.2003
Reference
  Authors
Goyer A, Collakova E, Shachar-Hill Y, Hanson AD
  Title
Functional characterization of a methionine gamma-lyase in Arabidopsis and its implication in an alternative to the reverse trans-sulfuration pathway.
  Journal
Plant Cell Physiol 48:232-42 (2007)
DOI:10.1093/pcp/pcl055
Reference
  Authors
Rebeille F, Jabrin S, Bligny R, Loizeau K, Gambonnet B, Van Wilder V, Douce R, Ravanel S
  Title
Methionine catabolism in Arabidopsis cells is initiated by a gamma-cleavage process and leads to S-methylcysteine and isoleucine syntheses.
  Journal
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103:15687-92 (2006)
DOI:10.1073/pnas.0606195103
Reference
  Authors
Pirkov I, Norbeck J, Gustafsson L, Albers E
  Title
A complete inventory of all enzymes in the eukaryotic methionine salvage pathway.
  Journal
FEBS J 275:4111-20 (2008)
DOI:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06552.x
Reference
  Authors
Ashida H, Saito Y, Kojima C, Yokota A
  Title
Enzymatic characterization of 5-methylthioribulose-1-phosphate dehydratase of the methionine salvage pathway in Bacillus subtilis.
  Journal
Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 72:959-67 (2008)
DOI:10.1271/bbb.70651
Reference
  Authors
Kitabatake M, So MW, Tumbula DL, Soll D
  Title
Cysteine biosynthesis pathway in the archaeon Methanosarcina barkeri encoded by acquired bacterial genes?
  Journal
J Bacteriol 182:143-5 (2000)
DOI:10.1128/JB.182.1.143-145.2000
Reference
  Authors
Mino K, Ishikawa K
  Title
Characterization of a novel thermostable O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase from Aeropyrum pernix K1.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 185:2277-84 (2003)
DOI:10.1128/JB.185.7.2277-2284.2003
Reference
  Authors
Tanabe S
  Title
Development of assay methods for endogenous inorganic sulfur compounds and sulfurtransferases and evaluation of the physiological functions of bound sulfur.
  Journal
Yakugaku Zasshi 128:881-900 (2008)
DOI:10.1248/yakushi.128.881
Reference
  Authors
Nishizuka Y, Seyama Y, Ikai A, Ishimura Y, Kawaguchi A (eds).
  Title
[Cellular Functions and Metabolic Maps] (In Japanese)
  Journal
Tokyo Kagaku Dojin (1997)
Reference
  Authors
Gutierrez JA, Crowder T, Rinaldo-Matthis A, Ho MC, Almo SC, Schramm VL
  Title
Transition state analogs of 5'-methylthioadenosine nucleosidase disrupt quorum sensing.
  Journal
Nat Chem Biol 5:251-7 (2009)
DOI:10.1038/nchembio.153
Related
pathway
pkl00010  Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
pkl00250  Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
pkl00260  Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism
pkl00290  Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis
pkl00430  Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism
pkl00480  Glutathione metabolism
pkl00620  Pyruvate metabolism
pkl00640  Propanoate metabolism
pkl00770  Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis
pkl00900  Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
pkl00920  Sulfur metabolism
KO pathway
ko00270   
LinkDB

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