KEGG   PATHWAY: ppug00270
Entry
ppug00270                   Pathway                                
Name
Cysteine and methionine metabolism - Pungitius pungitius (ninespine stickleback)
Description
Cysteine and methionine are sulfur-containing amino acids. Cysteine is synthesized from serine through different pathways in different organism groups. In bacteria and plants, cysteine is converted from serine (via acetylserine) by transfer of hydrogen sulfide [MD:M00021]. In animals, methionine-derived homocysteine is used as sulfur source and its condensation product with serine (cystathionine) is converted to cysteine [MD:M00338]. Cysteine is metabolized to pyruvate in multiple routes. Methionine is an essential amino acid, which animals cannot synthesize. In bacteria and plants, methionine is synthesized from aspartate [MD:M00017]. S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM), synthesized from methionine and ATP, is a methyl group donor in many important transfer reactions including DNA methylation for regulation of gene expression. SAM may also be used to regenerate methionine in the methionine salvage pathway [MD:M00034].
Class
Metabolism; Amino acid metabolism
Pathway map
ppug00270  Cysteine and methionine metabolism
ppug00270

Module
ppug_M00034  Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:ppug00270]
ppug_M00035  Methionine degradation [PATH:ppug00270]
ppug_M00338  Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:ppug00270]
Other DBs
GO: 0006534 0006555
Organism
Pungitius pungitius (ninespine stickleback) [GN:ppug]
Gene
119216398  cystathionine gamma-lyase-like [KO:K01758] [EC:4.4.1.1]
119226342  kyat1; kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K00816] [EC:2.6.1.7 4.4.1.13 2.6.1.64]
119217017  kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase 3-like isoform X1 [KO:K00816] [EC:2.6.1.7 4.4.1.13 2.6.1.64]
119216895  cystathionine beta-synthase-like [KO:K01697] [EC:4.2.1.22]
119218241  cystathionine beta-synthase-like [KO:K01697] [EC:4.2.1.22]
119226903  betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1-like [KO:K00544] [EC:2.1.1.5]
119224706  betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1-like [KO:K00544] [EC:2.1.1.5]
119224707  betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1-like [KO:K00544] [EC:2.1.1.5]
119225361  betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1-like [KO:K00544] [EC:2.1.1.5]
119225362  betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1-like [KO:K00544] [EC:2.1.1.5]
119216757  zgc:172121; homocysteine S-methyltransferase [KO:K00547] [EC:2.1.1.10]
119212730  mtr; methionine synthase [KO:K00548] [EC:2.1.1.13]
119226396  mat2al; methionine adenosyltransferase II, alpha-like [KO:K00789] [EC:2.5.1.6]
119226539  mat2aa; methionine adenosyltransferase II, alpha a isoform X1 [KO:K00789] [EC:2.5.1.6]
119213749  mat1a; S-adenosylmethionine synthase [KO:K00789] [EC:2.5.1.6]
119225067  mat2ab; S-adenosylmethionine synthase [KO:K00789] [EC:2.5.1.6]
119213064  S-adenosylmethionine synthase-like [KO:K00789] [EC:2.5.1.6]
119195204  amd1; S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase proenzyme [KO:K01611] [EC:4.1.1.50]
119223428  srm; spermidine synthase [KO:K00797] [EC:2.5.1.16]
119215611  sms; spermine synthase [KO:K00802] [EC:2.5.1.22]
119217633  S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine phosphorylase [KO:K00772] [EC:2.4.2.28]
119229122  lacc1; purine nucleoside phosphorylase LACC1 [KO:K05810] [EC:2.4.2.1 2.4.2.28 3.5.4.4]
119218560  mri1; methylthioribose-1-phosphate isomerase [KO:K08963] [EC:5.3.1.23]
119195124  methylthioribulose-1-phosphate dehydratase [KO:K08964] [EC:4.2.1.109]
119226408  enoph1; enolase-phosphatase E1 [KO:K09880] [EC:3.1.3.77]
119227217  adi1; 1,2-dihydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentene dioxygenase [KO:K08967] [EC:1.13.11.53 1.13.11.54]
119195931  tat; tyrosine aminotransferase [KO:K00815] [EC:2.6.1.5]
119209117  il4i1; L-amino-acid oxidase [KO:K03334] [EC:1.4.3.2]
119222932  L-amino-acid oxidase-like [KO:K03334] [EC:1.4.3.2]
119228166  gnmt; glycine N-methyltransferase [KO:K00552] [EC:2.1.1.20]
119220168  dnmt1; DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K00558] [EC:2.1.1.37]
119227718  dnmt3ab; DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 3A isoform X1 [KO:K17398] [EC:2.1.1.37]
119195212  DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 3A-like isoform X1 [KO:K17398] [EC:2.1.1.37]
119223424  uncharacterized protein LOC119223424 isoform X1 [KO:K17399] [EC:2.1.1.37]
119223197  dnmt3bb.1; DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 3B [KO:K17399] [EC:2.1.1.37]
119223255  DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 3C-like [KO:K17399] [EC:2.1.1.37]
119229587  ahcy; adenosylhomocysteinase [KO:K01251] [EC:3.13.2.1]
119210490  ahcyl2b; adenosylhomocysteinase like 2b [KO:K01251] [EC:3.13.2.1]
119223341  ahcyl1; S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase-like protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K01251] [EC:3.13.2.1]
119229810  S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase-like protein 1 [KO:K01251] [EC:3.13.2.1]
119196097  S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase-like protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K01251] [EC:3.13.2.1]
119220378  bcat2; branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00826] [EC:2.6.1.42]
119210236  bcat1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, cytosolic [KO:K00826] [EC:2.6.1.42]
119226982  alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K00827] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.40]
119226992  alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K00827] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.40]
119214075  gclc; glutamate--cysteine ligase catalytic subunit [KO:K11204] [EC:6.3.2.2]
119217116  gclm; glutamate--cysteine ligase regulatory subunit isoform X1 [KO:K11205]
119223306  gss; glutathione synthetase [KO:K21456] [EC:6.3.2.3]
119224737  cdo1; cysteine dioxygenase type 1 [KO:K00456] [EC:1.13.11.20]
119214194  got1; aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic [KO:K14454] [EC:2.6.1.1]
119224573  got1l1; putative aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic 2 [KO:K14454] [EC:2.6.1.1]
119218019  aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic-like [KO:K14454] [EC:2.6.1.1]
119229772  aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial-like [KO:K14455] [EC:2.6.1.1]
119220957  mpst; 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase [KO:K01011] [EC:2.8.1.1 2.8.1.2]
119196406  ldha; L-lactate dehydrogenase A chain [KO:K00016] [EC:1.1.1.27]
119196665  ldhbb; L-lactate dehydrogenase B-B chain isoform X1 [KO:K00016] [EC:1.1.1.27]
119211275  L-lactate dehydrogenase B chain [KO:K00016] [EC:1.1.1.27]
119214374  mdh1ab; malate dehydrogenase 1Ab, NAD (soluble) [KO:K00025] [EC:1.1.1.37]
119218000  malate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmic-like isoform X1 [KO:K00025] [EC:1.1.1.37]
119197152  mdh2; malate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial [KO:K00026] [EC:1.1.1.37]
119228165  sdsl; serine dehydratase-like isoform X1 [KO:K17989] [EC:4.3.1.17 4.3.1.19]
119224582  L-serine dehydratase/L-threonine deaminase-like isoform X1 [KO:K17989] [EC:4.3.1.17 4.3.1.19]
119228392  phgdh; D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase [KO:K00058] [EC:1.1.1.95 1.1.1.399]
119225452  psat1; phosphoserine aminotransferase [KO:K00831] [EC:2.6.1.52]
Compound
C00019  S-Adenosyl-L-methionine
C00021  S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine
C00022  Pyruvate
C00041  L-Alanine
C00049  L-Aspartate
C00051  Glutathione
C00059  Sulfate
C00065  L-Serine
C00073  L-Methionine
C00094  Sulfite
C00097  L-Cysteine
C00109  2-Oxobutanoate
C00155  L-Homocysteine
C00170  5'-Methylthioadenosine
C00197  3-Phospho-D-glycerate
C00263  L-Homoserine
C00283  Hydrogen sulfide
C00409  Methanethiol
C00441  L-Aspartate 4-semialdehyde
C00491  L-Cystine
C00506  L-Cysteate
C00606  3-Sulfino-L-alanine
C00793  D-Cysteine
C00957  Mercaptopyruvate
C00979  O-Acetyl-L-serine
C01005  O-Phospho-L-serine
C01077  O-Acetyl-L-homoserine
C01118  O-Succinyl-L-homoserine
C01137  S-Adenosylmethioninamine
C01180  4-Methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid
C01234  1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate
C01817  L-Homocystine
C01962  Thiocysteine
C02218  Dehydroalanine
C02291  L-Cystathionine
C02356  (S)-2-Aminobutanoate
C02989  L-Methionine S-oxide
C03082  4-Phospho-L-aspartate
C03089  5-Methylthio-D-ribose
C03145  N-Formylmethionine
C03232  3-Phosphonooxypyruvate
C03431  S-Inosyl-L-homocysteine
C03539  S-Ribosyl-L-homocysteine
C04188  S-Methyl-5-thio-D-ribose 1-phosphate
C04582  S-Methyl-5-thio-D-ribulose 1-phosphate
C05324  Nicotianamine
C05524  Aminoacyl-L-methionine
C05526  S-Glutathionyl-L-cysteine
C05527  3-Sulfinylpyruvate
C05528  3-Sulfopyruvate
C05823  3-Mercaptolactate
C05824  S-Sulfo-L-cysteine
C06547  Ethylene
C08276  3-(Methylthio)propanoate
C09306  Sulfur dioxide
C11437  1-Deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate
C11481  HSO3-
C11499  (S)-3-Sulfolactate
C11537  (2R)-3-Sulfolactate
C15606  1,2-Dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one
C15650  2,3-Diketo-5-methylthiopentyl-1-phosphate
C15651  2-Hydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate
C18049  N-Acyl-L-homoserine lactone
C19787  5'-S-Methyl-5'-thioinosine
C21015  gamma-L-Glutamyl-L-2-aminobutyrate
C21016  Ophthalmate
C22359  S-Methyl-1-thio-D-xylulose 5-phosphate
Reference
  Authors
Sekowska A, Denervaud V, Ashida H, Michoud K, Haas D, Yokota A, Danchin A
  Title
Bacterial variations on the methionine salvage pathway.
  Journal
BMC Microbiol 4:9 (2004)
DOI:10.1186/1471-2180-4-9
Reference
  Authors
Ashida H, Saito Y, Kojima C, Kobayashi K, Ogasawara N, Yokota A.
  Title
A functional link between RuBisCO-like protein of Bacillus and photosynthetic RuBisCO.
  Journal
Science 302:286-90 (2003)
DOI:10.1126/science.1086997
Reference
  Authors
Sekowska A, Danchin A.
  Title
The methionine salvage pathway in Bacillus subtilis.
  Journal
BMC Microbiol 2:8 (2002)
DOI:10.1186/1471-2180-2-8
Reference
  Authors
Berger BJ, English S, Chan G, Knodel MH.
  Title
Methionine regeneration and aminotransferases in Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus anthracis.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 185:2418-31 (2003)
DOI:10.1128/JB.185.8.2418-2431.2003
Reference
  Authors
Goyer A, Collakova E, Shachar-Hill Y, Hanson AD
  Title
Functional characterization of a methionine gamma-lyase in Arabidopsis and its implication in an alternative to the reverse trans-sulfuration pathway.
  Journal
Plant Cell Physiol 48:232-42 (2007)
DOI:10.1093/pcp/pcl055
Reference
  Authors
Rebeille F, Jabrin S, Bligny R, Loizeau K, Gambonnet B, Van Wilder V, Douce R, Ravanel S
  Title
Methionine catabolism in Arabidopsis cells is initiated by a gamma-cleavage process and leads to S-methylcysteine and isoleucine syntheses.
  Journal
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103:15687-92 (2006)
DOI:10.1073/pnas.0606195103
Reference
  Authors
Pirkov I, Norbeck J, Gustafsson L, Albers E
  Title
A complete inventory of all enzymes in the eukaryotic methionine salvage pathway.
  Journal
FEBS J 275:4111-20 (2008)
DOI:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06552.x
Reference
  Authors
Ashida H, Saito Y, Kojima C, Yokota A
  Title
Enzymatic characterization of 5-methylthioribulose-1-phosphate dehydratase of the methionine salvage pathway in Bacillus subtilis.
  Journal
Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 72:959-67 (2008)
DOI:10.1271/bbb.70651
Reference
  Authors
Kitabatake M, So MW, Tumbula DL, Soll D
  Title
Cysteine biosynthesis pathway in the archaeon Methanosarcina barkeri encoded by acquired bacterial genes?
  Journal
J Bacteriol 182:143-5 (2000)
DOI:10.1128/JB.182.1.143-145.2000
Reference
  Authors
Mino K, Ishikawa K
  Title
Characterization of a novel thermostable O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase from Aeropyrum pernix K1.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 185:2277-84 (2003)
DOI:10.1128/JB.185.7.2277-2284.2003
Reference
  Authors
Tanabe S
  Title
Development of assay methods for endogenous inorganic sulfur compounds and sulfurtransferases and evaluation of the physiological functions of bound sulfur.
  Journal
Yakugaku Zasshi 128:881-900 (2008)
DOI:10.1248/yakushi.128.881
Reference
  Authors
Nishizuka Y, Seyama Y, Ikai A, Ishimura Y, Kawaguchi A (eds).
  Title
[Cellular Functions and Metabolic Maps] (In Japanese)
  Journal
Tokyo Kagaku Dojin (1997)
Reference
  Authors
Gutierrez JA, Crowder T, Rinaldo-Matthis A, Ho MC, Almo SC, Schramm VL
  Title
Transition state analogs of 5'-methylthioadenosine nucleosidase disrupt quorum sensing.
  Journal
Nat Chem Biol 5:251-7 (2009)
DOI:10.1038/nchembio.153
Related
pathway
ppug00010  Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
ppug00250  Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
ppug00260  Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism
ppug00290  Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis
ppug00430  Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism
ppug00480  Glutathione metabolism
ppug00620  Pyruvate metabolism
ppug00640  Propanoate metabolism
ppug00770  Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis
ppug00900  Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
ppug00920  Sulfur metabolism
KO pathway
ko00270   
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