KEGG   PATHWAY: vlg04727
Entry
vlg04727                    Pathway                                
Name
GABAergic synapse - Vulpes lagopus (Arctic fox)
Description
Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). When released in the synaptic cleft, GABA binds to three major classes of receptors: GABAA, GABAB, and GABAC receptors. GABAA and GABAC receptors are ionotropic and mediate fast GABA responses by triggering chloride channel openings, while GABAB receptors are metabotropic and mediate slower GABA responses by activating G-proteins and influencing second messenger systems. GABAA receptors, the major sites for fast inhibitory neurotransmission in the CNS, are regulated by phosphorylation mechanisms, affecting both their functional properties and their cell surface mobility and trafficking. GABA release by the presynaptic terminal is negatively regulated by GABAB autoreceptors, and is cleared from the extracellular space by GABA transporters (GATs) located either on the presynaptic terminal or neighboring glial cells.
Class
Organismal Systems; Nervous system
Pathway map
vlg04727  GABAergic synapse
vlg04727

Other DBs
GO: 0051932
Organism
Vulpes lagopus (Arctic fox) [GN:vlg]
Gene
121480019  SLC38A1; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 1 [KO:K14990]
121479996  SLC38A2; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2 isoform X1 [KO:K14207]
121480640  GLS; glutaminase kidney isoform, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K01425] [EC:3.5.1.2]
121491269  GLS2; glutaminase liver isoform, mitochondrial [KO:K01425] [EC:3.5.1.2]
121481890  glutamate decarboxylase 1-like [KO:K01580] [EC:4.1.1.15]
121496657  GAD2; glutamate decarboxylase 2 [KO:K01580] [EC:4.1.1.15]
121501465  GAD1; glutamate decarboxylase 1 [KO:K01580] [EC:4.1.1.15]
121477786  SLC32A1; vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter [KO:K15015]
121487327  ABAT; 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrial [KO:K13524] [EC:2.6.1.19 2.6.1.22]
121489641  GABRA5; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5 [KO:K05175]
121483153  GABRA3; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3 isoform X1 [KO:K05175]
121486360  GABRA1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1 [KO:K05175]
121472642  GABRA2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05175]
121472746  GABRA4; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4 isoform X1 [KO:K05175]
121487869  GABRA6; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6 [KO:K05175]
121488910  GABRB3; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K05181]
121474263  GABRB1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1 [KO:K05181]
121486108  GABRB2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05181]
121486157  GABRG2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05186]
121472638  GABRG1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1 [KO:K05186]
121500295  GABRD; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta isoform X1 [KO:K05184]
121482299  GABRE; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon [KO:K05185]
121483407  GABRQ; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta [KO:K05192]
121486116  gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi isoform X1 [KO:K05189]
121486651  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
121495416  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
121478063  SRC; proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src isoform X1 [KO:K05704] [EC:2.7.10.2]
121473288  PRKCA; protein kinase C alpha type isoform X1 [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
121487652  PRKCB; protein kinase C beta type isoform X1 [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
121480810  PRKCG; protein kinase C gamma type [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
121472692  HAP1; huntingtin-associated protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04647]
121480056  GABARAPL1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 1 [KO:K08341]
121499669  GABARAPL2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 2 [KO:K08341]
121499686  gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein [KO:K08341]
121473599  NSF; vesicle-fusing ATPase isoform X1 [KO:K06027] [EC:3.6.4.6]
121480534  TRAK2; trafficking kinesin-binding protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K15374]
121480642  PLCL1; inactive phospholipase C-like protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K15375]
121493372  GPHN; gephyrin isoform X1 [KO:K15376] [EC:2.10.1.1 2.7.7.75]
121478131  SLC12A5; solute carrier family 12 member 5 isoform X1 [KO:K23967]
121487244  GABRR3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-3 [KO:K05190]
121492066  GABRR1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-1 [KO:K05190]
121495811  GABRR2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-2 [KO:K05190]
121495291  CACNA1A; voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A isoform X1 [KO:K04344]
121473438  CACNA1B; voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B isoform X1 [KO:K04849]
121479835  CACNA1C; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C isoform X1 [KO:K04850]
121494863  CACNA1D; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X1 [KO:K04851]
121483414  CACNA1F; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F isoform X1 [KO:K04853]
121493117  CACNA1S; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S isoform X1 [KO:K04857]
121478532  GABBR1; gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1 [KO:K04615]
121495547  GABBR2; gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2 [KO:K04615]
121471255  GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630]
121487463  GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-3 [KO:K04630]
121495419  GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630]
121496666  GNAO1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04534]
121499545  GNB1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 [KO:K04536]
121486810  GNB2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 [KO:K04537]
121479877  GNB3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K07825]
121477336  GNB4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 [KO:K04538]
121485344  GNB5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5 [KO:K04539]
121493701  GNG2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 [KO:K07826]
121501542  GNG3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3 [KO:K04540]
121486114  GNG4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 [KO:K04541]
121488211  GNG5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542]
121495222  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5-like [KO:K04542]
121495300  GNG7; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7 [KO:K04543]
121485331  GNG8; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-8 [KO:K04544]
121494658  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10-like [KO:K04545]
121494721  GNG10; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10 [KO:K04545]
121475018  GNG11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11 [KO:K04546]
121486284  GNG12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12 [KO:K04347]
121495892  GNG14; putative guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-14 [KO:K04347]
121488182  GNG13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-13 isoform X1 [KO:K04547]
121475019  GNGT1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1 [KO:K04548]
121473395  GNGT2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 [KO:K04549]
121490100  ADCY1; adenylate cyclase type 1 [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
121492610  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: adenylate cyclase type 1-like [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
121477531  ADCY2; adenylate cyclase type 2 [KO:K08042] [EC:4.6.1.1]
121491160  ADCY3; adenylate cyclase type 3 [KO:K08043] [EC:4.6.1.1]
121493259  ADCY4; adenylate cyclase type 4 isoform X1 [KO:K08044] [EC:4.6.1.1]
121501047  ADCY5; adenylate cyclase type 5 isoform X1 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
121479760  ADCY6; adenylate cyclase type 6 isoform X1 [KO:K08046] [EC:4.6.1.1]
121497930  ADCY7; adenylate cyclase type 7 isoform X1 [KO:K08047] [EC:4.6.1.1]
121498514  ADCY8; adenylate cyclase type 8 isoform X1 [KO:K08048] [EC:4.6.1.1]
121486234  ADCY9; adenylate cyclase type 9 [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]
121479530  KCNJ6; G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05000]
121494959  SLC6A1; sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 1 [KO:K05034]
121479756  SLC6A13; sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05046]
121494743  SLC6A11; sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 3 [KO:K05044]
121480392  SLC6A12; sodium- and chloride-dependent betaine transporter isoform X1 [KO:K05045]
121483123  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: glutamine synthetase-like [KO:K01915] [EC:6.3.1.2]
121488073  glutamine synthetase-like [KO:K01915] [EC:6.3.1.2]
121496472  GLUL; glutamine synthetase isoform X1 [KO:K01915] [EC:6.3.1.2]
121495394  SLC38A3; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 3 [KO:K13576]
121483007  SLC38A5; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 5 [KO:K14992]
Compound
C00025  L-Glutamate
C00026  2-Oxoglutarate
C00042  Succinate
C00064  L-Glutamine
C00076  Calcium cation
C00238  Potassium cation
C00334  4-Aminobutanoate
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C00698  Cl-
Reference
  Authors
Davis KL, Charney D, Coyle JT, Nemeroff C (ed).
  Title
Neuropsychopharmacology: The fifth generation of progress
  Journal
Lippincott Williams & Wikins (2002)
DOI:10.1002/hup.431
Reference
PMID:17499109
  Authors
Farrant M, Kaila K
  Title
The cellular, molecular and ionic basis of GABA(A) receptor signalling.
  Journal
Prog Brain Res 160:59-87 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/S0079-6123(06)60005-8
Reference
PMID:9364667
  Authors
Ben-Ari Y, Khazipov R, Leinekugel X, Caillard O, Gaiarsa JL
  Title
GABAA, NMDA and AMPA receptors: a developmentally regulated 'menage a trois'.
  Journal
Trends Neurosci 20:523-9 (1997)
DOI:10.1016/S0166-2236(97)01147-8
Reference
PMID:20655485
  Authors
Pinard A, Seddik R, Bettler B
  Title
GABAB receptors: physiological functions and mechanisms of diversity.
  Journal
Adv Pharmacol 58:231-55 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/S1054-3589(10)58010-4
Reference
PMID:21376567
  Authors
Chalifoux JR, Carter AG
  Title
GABAB receptor modulation of synaptic function.
  Journal
Curr Opin Neurobiol 21:339-44 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.conb.2011.02.004
Reference
PMID:20655481
  Authors
Padgett CL, Slesinger PA
  Title
GABAB receptor coupling to G-proteins and ion channels.
  Journal
Adv Pharmacol 58:123-47 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/S1054-3589(10)58006-2
Reference
PMID:17499108
  Authors
Emson PC
  Title
GABA(B) receptors: structure and function.
  Journal
Prog Brain Res 160:43-57 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/S0079-6123(06)60004-6
Reference
PMID:16932937
  Authors
Kornau HC
  Title
GABA(B) receptors and synaptic modulation.
  Journal
Cell Tissue Res 326:517-33 (2006)
DOI:10.1007/s00441-006-0264-7
Reference
PMID:18382465
  Authors
Jacob TC, Moss SJ, Jurd R
  Title
GABA(A) receptor trafficking and its role in the dynamic modulation of neuronal inhibition.
  Journal
Nat Rev Neurosci 9:331-43 (2008)
DOI:10.1038/nrn2370
Reference
PMID:12086709
  Authors
Kneussel M
  Title
Dynamic regulation of GABA(A) receptors at synaptic sites.
  Journal
Brain Res Brain Res Rev 39:74-83 (2002)
DOI:10.1016/S0165-0173(02)00159-5
Reference
PMID:21555068
  Authors
Luscher B, Fuchs T, Kilpatrick CL
  Title
GABAA receptor trafficking-mediated plasticity of inhibitory synapses.
  Journal
Neuron 70:385-409 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.neuron.2011.03.024
Reference
PMID:19374920
  Authors
Arancibia-Carcamo IL, Kittler JT
  Title
Regulation of GABA(A) receptor membrane trafficking and synaptic localization.
  Journal
Pharmacol Ther 123:17-31 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2009.03.012
Reference
PMID:16787421
  Authors
Bak LK, Schousboe A, Waagepetersen HS
  Title
The glutamate/GABA-glutamine cycle: aspects of transport, neurotransmitter homeostasis and ammonia transfer.
  Journal
J Neurochem 98:641-53 (2006)
DOI:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.03913.x
Reference
PMID:15210304
  Authors
Conti F, Minelli A, Melone M
  Title
GABA transporters in the mammalian cerebral cortex: localization, development and pathological implications.
  Journal
Brain Res Brain Res Rev 45:196-212 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2004.03.003
Reference
PMID:12888801
  Authors
Brambilla P, Perez J, Barale F, Schettini G, Soares JC
  Title
GABAergic dysfunction in mood disorders.
  Journal
Mol Psychiatry 8:721-37, 715 (2003)
DOI:10.1038/sj.mp.4001362
Reference
PMID:10780899
  Authors
Chebib M, Johnston GA
  Title
GABA-Activated ligand gated ion channels: medicinal chemistry and molecular biology.
  Journal
J Med Chem 43:1427-47 (2000)
DOI:10.1021/jm9904349
Related
pathway
vlg00020  Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
vlg00250  Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
vlg04144  Endocytosis
vlg04721  Synaptic vesicle cycle
KO pathway
ko04727   
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