KEGG   PATHWAY: vvp00260
Entry
vvp00260                    Pathway                                
Name
Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism - Vulpes vulpes (red fox)
Description
Serine is derived from 3-phospho-D-glycerate, an intermediate of glycolysis [MD:M00020], and glycine is derived from serine. Threonine is an essential amino acid, which animals cannot synthesize. In bacteria and plants, threonine is derived from aspartate [MD:M00018].
Class
Metabolism; Amino acid metabolism
Pathway map
vvp00260  Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism
vvp00260

Module
vvp_M00047  Creatine pathway [PATH:vvp00260]
vvp_M00338  Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:vvp00260]
vvp_M00555  Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:vvp00260]
vvp_M00621  Glycine cleavage system [PATH:vvp00260]
vvp_M00974  Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:vvp00260]
Other DBs
GO: 0006544 0006563 0070178 0006566
Organism
Vulpes vulpes (red fox) [GN:vvp]
Gene
112920667  probable low-specificity L-threonine aldolase 2 [KO:K01620] [EC:4.1.2.48]
112922355  SHMT2; serine hydroxymethyltransferase, mitochondrial [KO:K00600] [EC:2.1.2.1]
112924952  SHMT1; serine hydroxymethyltransferase, cytosolic [KO:K00600] [EC:2.1.2.1]
112911269  AGXT; serine--pyruvate aminotransferase [KO:K00830] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.45 2.6.1.51]
112930803  GRHPR; glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase [KO:K00049] [EC:1.1.1.79 1.1.1.81]
112910564  GLYCTK; glycerate kinase isoform X1 [KO:K11529] [EC:2.7.1.165]
112914365  PGAM1; phosphoglycerate mutase 1 [KO:K01834] [EC:5.4.2.11]
112911686  PGAM2; phosphoglycerate mutase 2 [KO:K01834] [EC:5.4.2.11]
112908884  BPGM; bisphosphoglycerate mutase [KO:K01837] [EC:5.4.2.4 5.4.2.11]
112922084  PSAT1; phosphoserine aminotransferase [KO:K00831] [EC:2.6.1.52]
112934112  PSPH; phosphoserine phosphatase [KO:K01079] [EC:3.1.3.3]
112929119  GCAT; 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate coenzyme A ligase, mitochondrial [KO:K00639] [EC:2.3.1.29]
112926758  L-threonine 3-dehydrogenase, mitochondrial [KO:K15789] [EC:1.1.1.103]
112910650  ALAS1; 5-aminolevulinate synthase, nonspecific, mitochondrial [KO:K00643] [EC:2.3.1.37]
112912376  ALAS2; 5-aminolevulinate synthase, erythroid-specific, mitochondrial [KO:K00643] [EC:2.3.1.37]
112929992  amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
112929998  MAOB; amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
112910752  AOC2; retina-specific copper amine oxidase [KO:K00276] [EC:1.4.3.21]
112910792  AOC3; membrane primary amine oxidase isoform X1 [KO:K00276] [EC:1.4.3.21]
112921980  GLDC; glycine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating), mitochondrial [KO:K00281] [EC:1.4.4.2]
112911477  AMT; aminomethyltransferase, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00605] [EC:2.1.2.10]
112908553  DLD; dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, mitochondrial [KO:K00382] [EC:1.8.1.4]
112911893  GCSH; glycine cleavage system H protein, mitochondrial [KO:K02437]
112915173  glycine cleavage system H protein, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02437]
112910502  DAO; D-amino-acid oxidase [KO:K00273] [EC:1.4.3.3]
112908610  AGXT2; alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00827] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.40]
112920029  GATM; glycine amidinotransferase, mitochondrial [KO:K00613] [EC:2.1.4.1]
112935562  GAMT; guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase [KO:K00542] [EC:2.1.1.2]
112908630  CHDH; choline dehydrogenase, mitochondrial [KO:K00108] [EC:1.1.99.1]
112917127  ALDH7A1; alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase isoform X1 [KO:K14085] [EC:1.2.1.31 1.2.1.8 1.2.1.3]
112919588  BHMT; betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1 [KO:K00544] [EC:2.1.1.5]
112919589  DMGDH; dimethylglycine dehydrogenase, mitochondrial [KO:K00315] [EC:1.5.8.4]
112933143  PIPOX; peroxisomal sarcosine oxidase isoform X1 [KO:K00306] [EC:1.5.3.1 1.5.3.7]
112935890  SARDH; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: sarcosine dehydrogenase, mitochondrial [KO:K00314] [EC:1.5.8.3]
112913997  GNMT; glycine N-methyltransferase isoform X1 [KO:K00552] [EC:2.1.1.20]
112908011  CBS; cystathionine beta-synthase [KO:K01697] [EC:4.2.1.22]
112934602  CTH; cystathionine gamma-lyase [KO:K01758] [EC:4.4.1.1]
112935171  SDSL; serine dehydratase-like [KO:K17989] [EC:4.3.1.17 4.3.1.19]
112935205  SDS; L-serine dehydratase/L-threonine deaminase isoform X1 [KO:K17989] [EC:4.3.1.17 4.3.1.19]
Compound
C00011  CO2
C00014  Ammonia
C00022  Pyruvate
C00037  Glycine
C00048  Glyoxylate
C00049  L-Aspartate
C00065  L-Serine
C00078  L-Tryptophan
C00097  L-Cysteine
C00101  Tetrahydrofolate
C00109  2-Oxobutanoate
C00114  Choline
C00143  5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate
C00168  Hydroxypyruvate
C00188  L-Threonine
C00197  3-Phospho-D-glycerate
C00213  Sarcosine
C00258  D-Glycerate
C00263  L-Homoserine
C00300  Creatine
C00430  5-Aminolevulinate
C00441  L-Aspartate 4-semialdehyde
C00546  Methylglyoxal
C00576  Betaine aldehyde
C00581  Guanidinoacetate
C00631  2-Phospho-D-glycerate
C00719  Betaine
C00740  D-Serine
C00986  1,3-Diaminopropane
C01005  O-Phospho-L-serine
C01026  N,N-Dimethylglycine
C01102  O-Phospho-L-homoserine
C01242  [Protein]-S8-aminomethyldihydrolipoyllysine
C01888  Aminoacetone
C02051  Lipoylprotein
C02291  L-Cystathionine
C02737  Phosphatidylserine
C02972  Dihydrolipoylprotein
C03082  4-Phospho-L-aspartate
C03194  (R)-1-Aminopropan-2-ol
C03232  3-Phosphonooxypyruvate
C03283  L-2,4-Diaminobutanoate
C03508  L-2-Amino-3-oxobutanoic acid
C05519  L-Allothreonine
C06231  Ectoine
C06442  N(gamma)-Acetyldiaminobutyrate
C16432  5-Hydroxyectoine
C19929  N(alpha)-Acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutyrate
Reference
  Authors
Nishizuka Y, Seyama Y, Ikai A, Ishimura Y, Kawaguchi A (eds).
  Title
[Cellular Functions and Metabolic Maps] (In Japanese)
  Journal
Tokyo Kagaku Dojin (1997)
Reference
PMID:11823218
  Authors
Kuhlmann AU, Bremer E.
  Title
Osmotically regulated synthesis of the compatible solute ectoine in Bacillus pasteurii and related Bacillus spp.
  Journal
Appl Environ Microbiol 68:772-83 (2002)
DOI:10.1128/AEM.68.2.772-783.2002
Reference
PMID:10473374
  Authors
Canovas D, Borges N, Vargas C, Ventosa A, Nieto JJ, Santos H.
  Title
Role of Ngamma-acetyldiaminobutyrate as an enzyme stabilizer and an intermediate in the biosynthesis of hydroxyectoine.
  Journal
Appl Environ Microbiol 65:3774-9 (1999)
DOI:10.1128/AEM.65.9.3774-3779.1999
Reference
PMID:17636255
  Authors
Bursy J, Pierik AJ, Pica N, Bremer E.
  Title
Osmotically induced synthesis of the compatible solute hydroxyectoine is mediated by an evolutionarily conserved ectoine hydroxylase.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 282:31147-55 (2007)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M704023200
Reference
PMID:16707670
  Authors
Garcia-Estepa R, Argandona M, Reina-Bueno M, Capote N, Iglesias-Guerra F, Nieto JJ, Vargas C.
  Title
The ectD gene, which is involved in the synthesis of the compatible solute hydroxyectoine, is essential for thermoprotection of the halophilic bacterium Chromohalobacter salexigens.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 188:3774-84 (2006)
DOI:10.1128/JB.00136-06
Reference
PMID:15470257
  Authors
Arevalo-Rodriguez M, Pan X, Boeke JD, Heitman J
  Title
FKBP12 controls aspartate pathway flux in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to prevent toxic intermediate accumulation.
  Journal
Eukaryot Cell 3:1287-96 (2004)
DOI:10.1128/EC.3.5.1287-1296.2004
Reference
PMID:7639721
  Authors
Rees WD, Hay SM
  Title
The biosynthesis of threonine by mammalian cells: expression of a complete bacterial biosynthetic pathway in an animal cell.
  Journal
Biochem J 309 ( Pt 3):999-1007 (1995)
DOI:10.1042/bj3090999
Reference
PMID:11341914
  Authors
Jacques SL, Nieman C, Bareich D, Broadhead G, Kinach R, Honek JF, Wright GD
  Title
Characterization of yeast homoserine dehydrogenase, an antifungal target: the invariant histidine 309 is important for enzyme integrity.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1544:28-41 (2001)
DOI:10.1016/S0167-4838(00)00203-X
Reference
PMID:15520012
  Authors
Chen X, Jhee KH, Kruger WD
  Title
Production of the neuromodulator H2S by cystathionine beta-synthase via the condensation of cysteine and homocysteine.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 279:52082-6 (2004)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.C400481200
Related
pathway
vvp00010  Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
vvp00020  Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
vvp00230  Purine metabolism
vvp00250  Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
vvp00270  Cysteine and methionine metabolism
vvp00290  Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis
vvp00330  Arginine and proline metabolism
vvp00470  D-Amino acid metabolism
vvp00564  Glycerophospholipid metabolism
vvp00600  Sphingolipid metabolism
vvp00620  Pyruvate metabolism
vvp00630  Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism
vvp00640  Propanoate metabolism
vvp00860  Porphyrin metabolism
vvp00920  Sulfur metabolism
KO pathway
ko00260   
LinkDB

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