KEGG PATHWAY: pcw00270

PATHWAY: pcw00270

Entry

pcw00270                    Pathway

Name

Cysteine and methionine metabolism - Phascolarctos cinereus (koala)

Description

Cysteine and methionine are sulfur-containing amino acids. Cysteine is synthesized from serine through different pathways in different organism groups. In bacteria and plants, cysteine is converted from serine (via acetylserine) by transfer of hydrogen sulfide [MD:M00021]. In animals, methionine-derived homocysteine is used as sulfur source and its condensation product with serine (cystathionine) is converted to cysteine [MD:M00338]. Cysteine is metabolized to pyruvate in multiple routes. Methionine is an essential amino acid, which animals cannot synthesize. In bacteria and plants, methionine is synthesized from aspartate [MD:M00017]. S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM), synthesized from methionine and ATP, is a methyl group donor in many important transfer reactions including DNA methylation for regulation of gene expression. SAM may also be used to regenerate methionine in the methionine salvage pathway [MD:M00034].

Class

Metabolism; Amino acid metabolism

Pathway map

pcw00270

Cysteine and methionine metabolism

Module

pcw_M00034

Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:pcw00270]

pcw_M00035

Methionine degradation [PATH:pcw00270]

pcw_M00338

Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:pcw00270]

Other DBs

GO:	0006534 0006555

Organism

Phascolarctos cinereus (koala) [GN:pcw]

Gene

110212881

CTH; cystathionine gamma-lyase [KO:K01758] [EC:4.4.1.1]

110210007

KYAT3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase 3 [KO:K00816] [EC:2.6.1.7 4.4.1.13 2.6.1.64]

110193638

KYAT1; kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase 1 [KO:K00816] [EC:2.6.1.7 4.4.1.13 2.6.1.64]

110199155

CBS; cystathionine beta-synthase isoform X1 [KO:K01697] [EC:4.2.1.22]

110216636

betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1 [KO:K00544] [EC:2.1.1.5]

110204254

S-methylmethionine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase BHMT2-like [KO:K00547] [EC:2.1.1.10]

110216594

BHMT2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: S-methylmethionine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase BHMT2 [KO:K00547] [EC:2.1.1.10]

110217837

MTR; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: methionine synthase [KO:K00548] [EC:2.1.1.13]

110196279

MAT2A; S-adenosylmethionine synthase [KO:K00789] [EC:2.5.1.6]

110201603

MAT1A; S-adenosylmethionine synthase [KO:K00789] [EC:2.5.1.6]

110212384

MAT2B; methionine adenosyltransferase 2 subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K00789] [EC:2.5.1.6]

110222868

AMD1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase proenzyme [KO:K01611] [EC:4.1.1.50]

110199252

SRM; spermidine synthase [KO:K00797] [EC:2.5.1.16]

110210823

SMS; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: spermine synthase [KO:K00802] [EC:2.5.1.22]

110201196

MTAP; S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine phosphorylase [KO:K00772] [EC:2.4.2.28]

110197628

LACC1; laccase domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05810] [EC:2.4.2.1 2.4.2.28 3.5.4.4]

110214413

MRI1; methylthioribose-1-phosphate isomerase isoform X1 [KO:K08963] [EC:5.3.1.23]

110192600

APIP; methylthioribulose-1-phosphate dehydratase isoform X1 [KO:K08964] [EC:4.2.1.109]

110209747

ENOPH1; enolase-phosphatase E1 isoform X1 [KO:K09880] [EC:3.1.3.77]

110193845

ADI1; 1,2-dihydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentene dioxygenase [KO:K08967] [EC:1.13.11.53 1.13.11.54]

110192527

TAT; tyrosine aminotransferase [KO:K00815] [EC:2.6.1.5]

110194214

L-amino-acid oxidase-like [KO:K03334] [EC:1.4.3.2]

110205983

LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: L-amino-acid oxidase-like [KO:K03334] [EC:1.4.3.2]

110219789

IL4I1; L-amino-acid oxidase isoform X1 [KO:K03334] [EC:1.4.3.2]

110201291

GNMT; glycine N-methyltransferase isoform X1 [KO:K00552] [EC:2.1.1.20]

110214264

DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1-like [KO:K00558] [EC:2.1.1.37]

110214165

DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1-like [KO:K00558] [EC:2.1.1.37]

110206518

DNMT3A; DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 3A isoform X1 [KO:K17398] [EC:2.1.1.37]

110211476

DNMT3B; DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 3B isoform X1 [KO:K17399] [EC:2.1.1.37]

110219153

AHCYL2; adenosylhomocysteinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K01251] [EC:3.13.2.1]

110216789

AHCY; adenosylhomocysteinase isoform X1 [KO:K01251] [EC:3.13.2.1]

110218290

AHCYL1; adenosylhomocysteinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K01251] [EC:3.13.2.1]

110193333

BCAT1; branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, cytosolic isoform X1 [KO:K00826] [EC:2.6.1.42]

110219696

BCAT2; branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00826] [EC:2.6.1.42]

110214612

AGXT2; alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00827] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.40]

110213497

GCLC; glutamate--cysteine ligase catalytic subunit isoform X1 [KO:K11204] [EC:6.3.2.2]

110197957

GCLM; glutamate--cysteine ligase regulatory subunit [KO:K11205]

110216793

GSS; glutathione synthetase isoform X1 [KO:K21456] [EC:6.3.2.3]

110194825

CDO1; cysteine dioxygenase type 1 [KO:K00456] [EC:1.13.11.20]

110215368

GOT1; aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic [KO:K14454] [EC:2.6.1.1]

110207741

GOT1L1; putative aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic 2 isoform X1 [KO:K14454] [EC:2.6.1.1]

110192416

GOT2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial [KO:K14455] [EC:2.6.1.1]

110205737

MPST; 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase isoform X1 [KO:K01011] [EC:2.8.1.1 2.8.1.2]

110205740

TST; thiosulfate sulfurtransferase [KO:K01011] [EC:2.8.1.1 2.8.1.2]

110221021

L-lactate dehydrogenase B chain-like [KO:K00016] [EC:1.1.1.27]

110221069

LDHA; L-lactate dehydrogenase A chain isoform X1 [KO:K00016] [EC:1.1.1.27]

110221102

L-lactate dehydrogenase A chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K00016] [EC:1.1.1.27]

110213824

LDHB; L-lactate dehydrogenase B chain [KO:K00016] [EC:1.1.1.27]

110219492

L-lactate dehydrogenase A chain-like [KO:K00016] [EC:1.1.1.27]

110207709

MDH1; malate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmic isoform X1 [KO:K00025] [EC:1.1.1.37]

110221172

MDH2; malate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial [KO:K00026] [EC:1.1.1.37]

110202080

SDS; L-serine dehydratase/L-threonine deaminase isoform X1 [KO:K17989] [EC:4.3.1.17 4.3.1.19]

110202081

SDSL; serine dehydratase-like [KO:K17989] [EC:4.3.1.17 4.3.1.19]

110219689

D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase isoform X1 [KO:K00058] [EC:1.1.1.95 1.1.1.399]

110214621

PSAT1; phosphoserine aminotransferase [KO:K00831] [EC:2.6.1.52]

Compound

C00019

S-Adenosyl-L-methionine

C00021

S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine

C00022

Pyruvate

C00041

L-Alanine

C00049

L-Aspartate

C00051

Glutathione

C00059

Sulfate

C00065

L-Serine

C00073

L-Methionine

C00094

Sulfite

C00097

L-Cysteine

C00109

2-Oxobutanoate

C00155

L-Homocysteine

C00170

5'-Methylthioadenosine

C00197

3-Phospho-D-glycerate

C00263

L-Homoserine

C00283

Hydrogen sulfide

C00409

Methanethiol

C00441

L-Aspartate 4-semialdehyde

C00491

L-Cystine

C00506

L-Cysteate

C00606

3-Sulfino-L-alanine

C00793

D-Cysteine

C00957

Mercaptopyruvate

C00979

O-Acetyl-L-serine

C01005

O-Phospho-L-serine

C01077

O-Acetyl-L-homoserine

C01118

O-Succinyl-L-homoserine

C01137

S-Adenosylmethioninamine

C01180

4-Methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid

C01234

1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate

C01817

L-Homocystine

C01962

Thiocysteine

C02218

Dehydroalanine

C02291

L-Cystathionine

C02356

(S)-2-Aminobutanoate

C02989

L-Methionine S-oxide

C03082

4-Phospho-L-aspartate

C03089

5-Methylthio-D-ribose

C03145

N-Formylmethionine

C03232

3-Phosphonooxypyruvate

C03431

S-Inosyl-L-homocysteine

C03539

S-Ribosyl-L-homocysteine

C04188

S-Methyl-5-thio-D-ribose 1-phosphate

C04582

S-Methyl-5-thio-D-ribulose 1-phosphate

C05324

Nicotianamine

C05524

Aminoacyl-L-methionine

C05526

S-Glutathionyl-L-cysteine

C05527

3-Sulfinylpyruvate

C05528

3-Sulfopyruvate

C05823

3-Mercaptolactate

C05824

S-Sulfo-L-cysteine

C06547

Ethylene

C08276

3-(Methylthio)propanoate

C09306

Sulfur dioxide

C11437

1-Deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate

C11481

HSO3-

C11499

(S)-3-Sulfolactate

C11537

(2R)-3-Sulfolactate

C15606

1,2-Dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one

C15650

2,3-Diketo-5-methylthiopentyl-1-phosphate

C15651

2-Hydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate

C18049

N-Acyl-L-homoserine lactone

C19787

5'-S-Methyl-5'-thioinosine

C21015

gamma-L-Glutamyl-L-2-aminobutyrate

C21016

Ophthalmate

C22359

S-Methyl-1-thio-D-xylulose 5-phosphate

Reference

PMID:15102328

Authors

Sekowska A, Denervaud V, Ashida H, Michoud K, Haas D, Yokota A, Danchin A

Title

Bacterial variations on the methionine salvage pathway.

Journal

BMC Microbiol 4:9 (2004)
DOI:10.1186/1471-2180-4-9

Reference

PMID:14551435

Authors

Ashida H, Saito Y, Kojima C, Kobayashi K, Ogasawara N, Yokota A.

Title

A functional link between RuBisCO-like protein of Bacillus and photosynthetic RuBisCO.

Journal

Science 302:286-90 (2003)
DOI:10.1126/science.1086997

Reference

PMID:12022921

Authors

Sekowska A, Danchin A.

Title

The methionine salvage pathway in Bacillus subtilis.

Journal

BMC Microbiol 2:8 (2002)
DOI:10.1186/1471-2180-2-8

Reference

PMID:12670965

Authors

Berger BJ, English S, Chan G, Knodel MH.

Title

Methionine regeneration and aminotransferases in Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus anthracis.

Journal

J Bacteriol 185:2418-31 (2003)
DOI:10.1128/JB.185.8.2418-2431.2003

Reference

PMID:17169919

Authors

Goyer A, Collakova E, Shachar-Hill Y, Hanson AD

Title

Functional characterization of a methionine gamma-lyase in Arabidopsis and its implication in an alternative to the reverse trans-sulfuration pathway.

Journal

Plant Cell Physiol 48:232-42 (2007)
DOI:10.1093/pcp/pcl055

Reference

PMID:17030798

Authors

Rebeille F, Jabrin S, Bligny R, Loizeau K, Gambonnet B, Van Wilder V, Douce R, Ravanel S

Title

Methionine catabolism in Arabidopsis cells is initiated by a gamma-cleavage process and leads to S-methylcysteine and isoleucine syntheses.

Journal

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103:15687-92 (2006)
DOI:10.1073/pnas.0606195103

Reference

PMID:18625006

Authors

Pirkov I, Norbeck J, Gustafsson L, Albers E

Title

A complete inventory of all enzymes in the eukaryotic methionine salvage pathway.

Journal

FEBS J 275:4111-20 (2008)
DOI:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06552.x

Reference

PMID:18391471

Authors

Ashida H, Saito Y, Kojima C, Yokota A

Title

Enzymatic characterization of 5-methylthioribulose-1-phosphate dehydratase of the methionine salvage pathway in Bacillus subtilis.

Journal

Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 72:959-67 (2008)
DOI:10.1271/bbb.70651

Reference

PMID:10613873

Authors

Kitabatake M, So MW, Tumbula DL, Soll D

Title

Cysteine biosynthesis pathway in the archaeon Methanosarcina barkeri encoded by acquired bacterial genes?

Journal

J Bacteriol 182:143-5 (2000)
DOI:10.1128/JB.182.1.143-145.2000

Reference

PMID:12644499

Authors

Mino K, Ishikawa K

Title

Characterization of a novel thermostable O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase from Aeropyrum pernix K1.

Journal

J Bacteriol 185:2277-84 (2003)
DOI:10.1128/JB.185.7.2277-2284.2003

Reference

PMID:18520135

Authors

Tanabe S

Title

Development of assay methods for endogenous inorganic sulfur compounds and sulfurtransferases and evaluation of the physiological functions of bound sulfur.

Journal

Yakugaku Zasshi 128:881-900 (2008)
DOI:10.1248/yakushi.128.881

Reference

Authors

Nishizuka Y, Seyama Y, Ikai A, Ishimura Y, Kawaguchi A (eds).

Title

[Cellular Functions and Metabolic Maps] (In Japanese)

Journal

Tokyo Kagaku Dojin (1997)

Reference

PMID:19270684

Authors