Entry
Name
Cardiac muscle contraction - Trachypithecus francoisi (Francois's langur)
Description
Contraction of the heart is a complex process initiated by the electrical excitation of cardiac myocytes (excitation-contraction coupling, ECC). In cardiac myocytes, Ca2+ influx induced by activation of voltage-dependent L-type Ca channels (DHP receptors) upon membrane depolarization triggers the release of Ca2+ via Ca2+ release channels (ryanodine receptors) of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) through a Ca2+ -induced Ca release (CICR) mechanism. Ca2+ ions released via the CICR mechanism diffuse through the cytosolic space to contractile proteins to bind to troponinC resulting in the release of inhibition induced by troponinI. The Ca2+ binding to troponinC thereby triggers the sliding of thin and thick filaments, that is, the activation of a crossbridge and subsequent cardiac force development and/or cell shortening. Recovery occurs as Ca2+ is pumped out of the cell by the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) or is returned to the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) by sarco(endo)plasmic Ca2+ -ATPase (SERCA) pumps on the non-junctional region of the SR.
Class
Organismal Systems; Circulatory system
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Ortholog table
Other DBs
Organism
Trachypithecus francoisi (Francois's langur) [GN:
tfn ]
Gene
117090701 voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C isoform X1 [KO:K04850 ]
117083004 CACNA1D; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X1 [KO:K04851 ]
117077518 CACNA1F; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F [KO:K04853 ]
117076828 CACNA1S; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S isoform X1 [KO:K04857 ]
117067107 CACNB1; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04862 ]
117082612 CACNB2; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04863 ]
117090194 CACNB3; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K04864 ]
117095001 CACNB4; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K04865 ]
117072561 CACNA2D1; voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04858 ]
117082068 CACNA2D2; voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04859 ]
117083013 CACNA2D3; voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K04860 ]
117090711 CACNA2D4; voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-4 [KO:K04861 ]
117066507 CACNG1; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-1 subunit [KO:K04866 ]
117095965 CACNG2; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit [KO:K04867 ]
117087484 CACNG3; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-3 subunit [KO:K04868 ]
117067394 CACNG4; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-4 subunit [KO:K04869 ]
117067395 CACNG5; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-5 subunit [KO:K04870 ]
117091714 CACNG6; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-6 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K04871 ]
117091712 CACNG7; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-7 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K04872 ]
117091353 CACNG8; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-8 subunit [KO:K04873 ]
117091554 HRC; sarcoplasmic reticulum histidine-rich calcium-binding protein isoform X1 [KO:K23450 ]
117082828 TNNC1; troponin C, slow skeletal and cardiac muscles isoform X1 [KO:K05865 ]
117079304 cytochrome c1, heme protein, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00413 ]
117080933 cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00414 ]
117092657 cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 6, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00416 ]
117068615 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02263 ]
117088155 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1, mitochondrial [KO:K02263 ]
117073003 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02263 ]
117087707 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02266 ]
117078078 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A-related protein, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02270 ]
117062413 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A-related protein, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02270 ]
117081585 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8B, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02273 ]
117081482 SLC9A7; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: sodium/hydrogen exchanger 7 [KO:K12041 ]
117074222 ATP1A4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4 [KO:K01539 ] [EC:7.2.2.13 ]
117084094 ATP1B3; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K01540 ]
117076014 ATP1B1; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1 [KO:K01540 ]
117067759 ATP1B2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2 [KO:K01540 ]
117079776 sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K01538 ]
Compound
Reference
Authors
Bers DM
Title
Calcium cycling and signaling in cardiac myocytes.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Bers DM
Title
Cardiac excitation-contraction coupling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Endoh M
Title
Signal transduction and Ca2+ signaling in intact myocardium.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Endoh M
Title
Cardiac Ca2+ signaling and Ca2+ sensitizers.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Bers DM, Despa S
Title
Cardiac myocytes Ca2+ and Na+ regulation in normal and failing hearts.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Gordon AM, Homsher E, Regnier M
Title
Regulation of contraction in striated muscle.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Phrommintikul A, Chattipakorn N
Title
Roles of cardiac ryanodine receptor in heart failure and sudden cardiac death.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Lacinova L
Title
Voltage-dependent calcium channels.
Journal
Gen Physiol Biophys 24 Suppl 1:1-78 (2005)
Reference
Authors
Lingrel J, Moseley A, Dostanic I, Cougnon M, He S, James P, Woo A, O'Connor K, Neumann J
Title
Functional roles of the alpha isoforms of the Na,K-ATPase.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Berg JS, Powell BC, Cheney RE
Title
A millennial myosin census.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Parmacek MS, Solaro RJ
Title
Biology of the troponin complex in cardiac myocytes.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Yamashita H, Sugiura S, Fujita H, Yasuda S, Nagai R, Saeki Y, Sunagawa K, Sugi H
Title
Myosin light chain isoforms modify force-generating ability of cardiac myosin by changing the kinetics of actin-myosin interaction.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Pritchard TJ, Kranias EG
Title
Junctin and the histidine-rich Ca2+ binding protein: potential roles in heart failure and arrhythmogenesis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Landstrom AP, Dobrev D, Wehrens XHT
Title
Calcium Signaling and Cardiac Arrhythmias.
Journal
Related pathway
KO pathway
LinkDB
All DBs