Entry Name Apoptosis - multiple species - Ursus maritimus (polar bear)
Description Apoptosis is an evolutionarily conserved process used by multicellular organisms to developmentally regulate cell number or to eliminate cells that are potentially detrimental to the organism. The major players are caspases, caspase inhibitors, members of the Bcl-2 family of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins and adaptors of the Ced-4/APAF-1 type. Mammals, by comparison with Caenorhabditis and Drosophila, exhibit highly complex extrinsic and intrinsic pathways for apoptosis induction. However, recent analyses of whole genome sequences from cnidarians (e.g. Hydra) suggest that the caspase and Bcl-2 families were already highly complex in cnidarians and that Caenorhabditis and Drosophila lost many of the genes involved in apoptosis.
Class Cellular Processes; Cell growth and deathBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map Other DBs Organism Ursus maritimus (polar bear) [GN:
umr ]
Gene 103656234 TNFRSF1A; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A isoform X1 [KO:K03158 ]
103660136 APAF1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 [KO:K02084 ]
103660541 BIRC7; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 7 isoform X2 [KO:K16061 ]
103661017 NGFR; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 16 [KO:K02583 ]
103665963 BIRC5; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K08731 ]
103676254 PMAIP1; phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1 [KO:K10131 ]
Reference Authors Fuchs Y, Steller H
Title Live to die another way: modes of programmed cell death and the signals emanating from dying cells.
Journal Reference Authors Kumar S, Cakouros D
Title Transcriptional control of the core cell-death machinery.
Journal Reference Authors Bergmann A, Steller H
Title Apoptosis, stem cells, and tissue regeneration.
Journal Reference Authors Zmasek CM, Godzik A
Title Evolution of the animal apoptosis network.
Journal Reference Authors Twomey C, McCarthy JV
Title Pathways of apoptosis and importance in development.
Journal Reference Authors Nicholson DW
Title Caspase structure, proteolytic substrates, and function during apoptotic cell death.
Journal Reference Authors Wang C, Youle RJ
Title The role of mitochondria in apoptosis*.
Journal Reference Authors Choi D, Woo M
Title Executioners of apoptosis in pancreatic {beta}-cells: not just for cell death.
Journal Reference Authors Joza N, Kroemer G, Penninger JM
Title Genetic analysis of the mammalian cell death machinery.
Journal Reference Authors Yan N, Wu JW, Chai J, Li W, Shi Y
Title Molecular mechanisms of DrICE inhibition by DIAP1 and removal of inhibition by Reaper, Hid and Grim.
Journal Reference Authors Reiter S, Crescenzi M, Galliot B, Buzgariu W
Title Hydra, a versatile model to study the homeostatic and developmental functions of cell death.
Journal Reference Authors Lasi M, Pauly B, Schmidt N, Cikala M, Stiening B, Kasbauer T, Zenner G, Popp T, Wagner A, Knapp RT, Huber AH, Grunert M, Soding J, David CN, Bottger A
Title The molecular cell death machinery in the simple cnidarian Hydra includes an expanded caspase family and pro- and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins.
Journal Reference Authors Lasi M, David CN, Bottger A
Title Apoptosis in pre-Bilaterians: Hydra as a model.
Journal Reference Authors Romero A, Novoa B, Figueras A
Title The complexity of apoptotic cell death in mollusks: An update.
Journal Reference Authors Potts MB, Cameron S
Title Cell lineage and cell death: Caenorhabditis elegans and cancer research.
Journal Reference Authors Lee EF, Young ND, Lim NT, Gasser RB, Fairlie WD
Title Apoptosis in schistosomes: toward novel targets for the treatment of schistosomiasis.
Journal Related KO pathway
