Entry
Name
Cardiac muscle contraction - Nipponia nippon (crested ibis)
Description
Contraction of the heart is a complex process initiated by the electrical excitation of cardiac myocytes (excitation-contraction coupling, ECC). In cardiac myocytes, Ca2+ influx induced by activation of voltage-dependent L-type Ca channels (DHP receptors) upon membrane depolarization triggers the release of Ca2+ via Ca2+ release channels (ryanodine receptors) of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) through a Ca2+ -induced Ca release (CICR) mechanism. Ca2+ ions released via the CICR mechanism diffuse through the cytosolic space to contractile proteins to bind to troponinC resulting in the release of inhibition induced by troponinI. The Ca2+ binding to troponinC thereby triggers the sliding of thin and thick filaments, that is, the activation of a crossbridge and subsequent cardiac force development and/or cell shortening. Recovery occurs as Ca2+ is pumped out of the cell by the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) or is returned to the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) by sarco(endo)plasmic Ca2+ -ATPase (SERCA) pumps on the non-junctional region of the SR.
Class
Organismal Systems; Circulatory system
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Ortholog table
Other DBs
Organism
Nipponia nippon (crested ibis) [GN:
nni ]
Gene
104020209 CACNA1C; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C [KO:K04850 ]
104010825 CACNA1D; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D [KO:K04851 ]
104009116 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F-like [KO:K04851 ]
104011070 CACNA1S; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S [KO:K04857 ]
104013320 CACNB2; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04863 ]
104019884 CACNB3; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-3 [KO:K04864 ]
104012362 CACNB4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-4 [KO:K04865 ]
104010753 CACNA2D1; voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-1 [KO:K04858 ]
104008753 CACNA2D2; voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-2 [KO:K04859 ]
104015320 CACNA2D3; voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-3 [KO:K04860 ]
104020248 CACNA2D4; voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-4 [KO:K04861 ]
104014297 CACNG1; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-1 subunit [KO:K04866 ]
104021577 CACNG2; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K04867 ]
104015149 CACNG3; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-3 subunit [KO:K04868 ]
104014362 CACNG4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-4 subunit [KO:K04869 ]
104014296 CACNG5; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-5 subunit [KO:K04870 ]
104019537 ATP2A2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 [KO:K05853 ] [EC:7.2.2.10 ]
104016115 ATP2A3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 3 [KO:K05853 ] [EC:7.2.2.10 ]
104008698 TNNC1; troponin C, slow skeletal and cardiac muscles isoform X1 [KO:K05865 ]
104011082 TNNT2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: troponin T, cardiac muscle [KO:K12045 ]
104019401 MYL2; myosin regulatory light chain 2, ventricular/cardiac muscle isoform [KO:K10351 ]
104023582 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1, mitochondrial [KO:K02263 ]
104019687 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A-related protein, mitochondrial [KO:K02270 ]
104012958 SLC9A6; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: sodium/hydrogen exchanger 6 [KO:K12041 ]
104012600 ATP1A2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2 [KO:K01539 ] [EC:7.2.2.13 ]
104016486 ATP1B3; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3 [KO:K01540 ]
104014150 ATP1B1; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1 [KO:K01540 ]
104008754 FXYD2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gamma [KO:K01538 ]
Compound
Reference
Authors
Bers DM
Title
Calcium cycling and signaling in cardiac myocytes.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Bers DM
Title
Cardiac excitation-contraction coupling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Endoh M
Title
Signal transduction and Ca2+ signaling in intact myocardium.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Endoh M
Title
Cardiac Ca2+ signaling and Ca2+ sensitizers.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Bers DM, Despa S
Title
Cardiac myocytes Ca2+ and Na+ regulation in normal and failing hearts.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Gordon AM, Homsher E, Regnier M
Title
Regulation of contraction in striated muscle.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Phrommintikul A, Chattipakorn N
Title
Roles of cardiac ryanodine receptor in heart failure and sudden cardiac death.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Lacinova L
Title
Voltage-dependent calcium channels.
Journal
Gen Physiol Biophys 24 Suppl 1:1-78 (2005)
Reference
Authors
Lingrel J, Moseley A, Dostanic I, Cougnon M, He S, James P, Woo A, O'Connor K, Neumann J
Title
Functional roles of the alpha isoforms of the Na,K-ATPase.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Berg JS, Powell BC, Cheney RE
Title
A millennial myosin census.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Parmacek MS, Solaro RJ
Title
Biology of the troponin complex in cardiac myocytes.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Yamashita H, Sugiura S, Fujita H, Yasuda S, Nagai R, Saeki Y, Sunagawa K, Sugi H
Title
Myosin light chain isoforms modify force-generating ability of cardiac myosin by changing the kinetics of actin-myosin interaction.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Pritchard TJ, Kranias EG
Title
Junctin and the histidine-rich Ca2+ binding protein: potential roles in heart failure and arrhythmogenesis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Landstrom AP, Dobrev D, Wehrens XHT
Title
Calcium Signaling and Cardiac Arrhythmias.
Journal
Related pathway
KO pathway
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