KEGG   PATHWAY: biu00260
Entry
biu00260                    Pathway                                
Name
Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism - Bos indicus (zebu cattle)
Description
Serine is derived from 3-phospho-D-glycerate, an intermediate of glycolysis [MD:M00020], and glycine is derived from serine. Threonine is an essential amino acid, which animals cannot synthesize. In bacteria and plants, threonine is derived from aspartate [MD:M00018].
Class
Metabolism; Amino acid metabolism
Pathway map
biu00260  Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism
biu00260

Module
biu_M00020  Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:biu00260]
biu_M00047  Creatine pathway [PATH:biu00260]
biu_M00338  Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:biu00260]
biu_M00555  Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:biu00260]
biu_M00621  Glycine cleavage system [PATH:biu00260]
biu_M00974  Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:biu00260]
Other DBs
GO: 0006544 0006563 0070178 0006566
Organism
Bos indicus (zebu cattle) [GN:biu]
Gene
109574286  probable low-specificity L-threonine aldolase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K01620] [EC:4.1.2.48]
109559331  SHMT2; serine hydroxymethyltransferase, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00600] [EC:2.1.2.1]
109573578  SHMT1; serine hydroxymethyltransferase, cytosolic [KO:K00600] [EC:2.1.2.1]
109556593  AGXT; serine--pyruvate aminotransferase [KO:K00830] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.45 2.6.1.51]
109563042  GRHPR; glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase isoform X1 [KO:K00049] [EC:1.1.1.79 1.1.1.81]
109576406  GLYCTK; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: glycerate kinase [KO:K11529] [EC:2.7.1.165]
109553097  PGAM1; phosphoglycerate mutase 1 [KO:K01834] [EC:5.4.2.11]
109576180  PGAM2; phosphoglycerate mutase 2 [KO:K01834] [EC:5.4.2.11]
109562951  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphoglycerate mutase 1-like [KO:K01834] [EC:5.4.2.11]
109557654  BPGM; bisphosphoglycerate mutase [KO:K01837] [EC:5.4.2.4 5.4.2.11]
109555856  PHGDH; D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase [KO:K00058] [EC:1.1.1.95 1.1.1.399]
109562981  phosphoserine aminotransferase [KO:K00831] [EC:2.6.1.52]
109578250  PSPH; phosphoserine phosphatase [KO:K01079] [EC:3.1.3.3]
109559798  GCAT; 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate coenzyme A ligase, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00639] [EC:2.3.1.29]
109562783  L-threonine 3-dehydrogenase, mitochondrial [KO:K15789] [EC:1.1.1.103]
109576290  ALAS1; 5-aminolevulinate synthase, nonspecific, mitochondrial [KO:K00643] [EC:2.3.1.37]
109555549  ALAS2; 5-aminolevulinate synthase, erythroid-specific, mitochondrial [KO:K00643] [EC:2.3.1.37]
109555289  MAOA; amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
109555337  MAOB; amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B isoform X1 [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
109573311  primary amine oxidase, lung isozyme-like [KO:K00276] [EC:1.4.3.21]
109573140  retina-specific copper amine oxidase-like [KO:K00276] [EC:1.4.3.21]
109573609  primary amine oxidase, liver isozyme [KO:K00276] [EC:1.4.3.21]
109573610  primary amine oxidase, liver isozyme-like isoform X1 [KO:K00276] [EC:1.4.3.21]
109573612  membrane primary amine oxidase isoform X1 [KO:K00276] [EC:1.4.3.21]
109573624  retina-specific copper amine oxidase isoform X1 [KO:K00276] [EC:1.4.3.21]
109562891  GLDC; glycine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating), mitochondrial [KO:K00281] [EC:1.4.4.2]
109576238  AMT; aminomethyltransferase, mitochondrial [KO:K00605] [EC:2.1.2.10]
109557392  DLD; dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, mitochondrial [KO:K00382] [EC:1.8.1.4]
109570094  glycine cleavage system H protein, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02437]
109572701  GCSH; glycine cleavage system H protein, mitochondrial [KO:K02437]
109571467  DAO; D-amino-acid oxidase isoform X1 [KO:K00273] [EC:1.4.3.3]
109575007  AGXT2; alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2, mitochondrial [KO:K00827] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.40]
109565164  GATM; glycine amidinotransferase, mitochondrial [KO:K00613] [EC:2.1.4.1]
109561988  GAMT; guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase [KO:K00542] [EC:2.1.1.2]
109576192  CHDH; choline dehydrogenase, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00108] [EC:1.1.99.1]
109561847  ALDH7A1; alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase [KO:K14085] [EC:1.2.1.31 1.2.1.8 1.2.1.3]
109564665  BHMT; betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1 [KO:K00544] [EC:2.1.1.5]
109564663  DMGDH; dimethylglycine dehydrogenase, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00315] [EC:1.5.8.4]
109574374  PIPOX; peroxisomal sarcosine oxidase [KO:K00306] [EC:1.5.3.1 1.5.3.7]
109566616  SARDH; sarcosine dehydrogenase, mitochondrial [KO:K00314] [EC:1.5.8.3]
109577223  GNMT; glycine N-methyltransferase [KO:K00552] [EC:2.1.1.20]
109560704  CBS; cystathionine beta-synthase [KO:K01697] [EC:4.2.1.22]
109556843  CTH; cystathionine gamma-lyase [KO:K01758] [EC:4.4.1.1]
109561076  cystathionine gamma-lyase [KO:K01758] [EC:4.4.1.1]
109571565  SDSL; serine dehydratase-like [KO:K17989] [EC:4.3.1.17 4.3.1.19]
109571500  SDS; L-serine dehydratase/L-threonine deaminase [KO:K17989] [EC:4.3.1.17 4.3.1.19]
109573620  SRR; serine racemase isoform X1 [KO:K12235] [EC:5.1.1.18]
Compound
C00011  CO2
C00014  Ammonia
C00022  Pyruvate
C00037  Glycine
C00048  Glyoxylate
C00049  L-Aspartate
C00065  L-Serine
C00078  L-Tryptophan
C00097  L-Cysteine
C00101  Tetrahydrofolate
C00109  2-Oxobutanoate
C00114  Choline
C00143  5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate
C00168  Hydroxypyruvate
C00188  L-Threonine
C00197  3-Phospho-D-glycerate
C00213  Sarcosine
C00258  D-Glycerate
C00263  L-Homoserine
C00300  Creatine
C00430  5-Aminolevulinate
C00441  L-Aspartate 4-semialdehyde
C00546  Methylglyoxal
C00576  Betaine aldehyde
C00581  Guanidinoacetate
C00631  2-Phospho-D-glycerate
C00719  Betaine
C00740  D-Serine
C00986  1,3-Diaminopropane
C01005  O-Phospho-L-serine
C01026  N,N-Dimethylglycine
C01102  O-Phospho-L-homoserine
C01242  [Protein]-S8-aminomethyldihydrolipoyllysine
C01888  Aminoacetone
C02051  Lipoylprotein
C02291  L-Cystathionine
C02737  Phosphatidylserine
C02972  Dihydrolipoylprotein
C03082  4-Phospho-L-aspartate
C03194  (R)-1-Aminopropan-2-ol
C03232  3-Phosphonooxypyruvate
C03283  L-2,4-Diaminobutanoate
C03508  L-2-Amino-3-oxobutanoic acid
C05519  L-Allothreonine
C06231  Ectoine
C06442  N(gamma)-Acetyldiaminobutyrate
C16432  5-Hydroxyectoine
C19929  N(alpha)-Acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutyrate
Reference
  Authors
Nishizuka Y, Seyama Y, Ikai A, Ishimura Y, Kawaguchi A (eds).
  Title
[Cellular Functions and Metabolic Maps] (In Japanese)
  Journal
Tokyo Kagaku Dojin (1997)
Reference
PMID:11823218
  Authors
Kuhlmann AU, Bremer E.
  Title
Osmotically regulated synthesis of the compatible solute ectoine in Bacillus pasteurii and related Bacillus spp.
  Journal
Appl Environ Microbiol 68:772-83 (2002)
DOI:10.1128/AEM.68.2.772-783.2002
Reference
PMID:10473374
  Authors
Canovas D, Borges N, Vargas C, Ventosa A, Nieto JJ, Santos H.
  Title
Role of Ngamma-acetyldiaminobutyrate as an enzyme stabilizer and an intermediate in the biosynthesis of hydroxyectoine.
  Journal
Appl Environ Microbiol 65:3774-9 (1999)
DOI:10.1128/AEM.65.9.3774-3779.1999
Reference
PMID:17636255
  Authors
Bursy J, Pierik AJ, Pica N, Bremer E.
  Title
Osmotically induced synthesis of the compatible solute hydroxyectoine is mediated by an evolutionarily conserved ectoine hydroxylase.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 282:31147-55 (2007)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M704023200
Reference
PMID:16707670
  Authors
Garcia-Estepa R, Argandona M, Reina-Bueno M, Capote N, Iglesias-Guerra F, Nieto JJ, Vargas C.
  Title
The ectD gene, which is involved in the synthesis of the compatible solute hydroxyectoine, is essential for thermoprotection of the halophilic bacterium Chromohalobacter salexigens.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 188:3774-84 (2006)
DOI:10.1128/JB.00136-06
Reference
PMID:15470257
  Authors
Arevalo-Rodriguez M, Pan X, Boeke JD, Heitman J
  Title
FKBP12 controls aspartate pathway flux in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to prevent toxic intermediate accumulation.
  Journal
Eukaryot Cell 3:1287-96 (2004)
DOI:10.1128/EC.3.5.1287-1296.2004
Reference
PMID:7639721
  Authors
Rees WD, Hay SM
  Title
The biosynthesis of threonine by mammalian cells: expression of a complete bacterial biosynthetic pathway in an animal cell.
  Journal
Biochem J 309 ( Pt 3):999-1007 (1995)
DOI:10.1042/bj3090999
Reference
PMID:11341914
  Authors
Jacques SL, Nieman C, Bareich D, Broadhead G, Kinach R, Honek JF, Wright GD
  Title
Characterization of yeast homoserine dehydrogenase, an antifungal target: the invariant histidine 309 is important for enzyme integrity.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1544:28-41 (2001)
DOI:10.1016/S0167-4838(00)00203-X
Reference
PMID:15520012
  Authors
Chen X, Jhee KH, Kruger WD
  Title
Production of the neuromodulator H2S by cystathionine beta-synthase via the condensation of cysteine and homocysteine.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 279:52082-6 (2004)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.C400481200
Related
pathway
biu00010  Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
biu00020  Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
biu00230  Purine metabolism
biu00250  Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
biu00270  Cysteine and methionine metabolism
biu00290  Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis
biu00330  Arginine and proline metabolism
biu00470  D-Amino acid metabolism
biu00564  Glycerophospholipid metabolism
biu00600  Sphingolipid metabolism
biu00620  Pyruvate metabolism
biu00630  Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism
biu00640  Propanoate metabolism
biu00860  Porphyrin metabolism
biu00920  Sulfur metabolism
KO pathway
ko00260   
LinkDB

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