KEGG   PATHWAY: dsp04970
Entry
dsp04970                    Pathway                                
Name
Salivary secretion - Dipodomys spectabilis (banner-tailed kangaroo rat)
Description
Saliva has manifold functions in maintaining the integrity of the oral tissues, in protecting teeth from caries, in the tasting and ingestion of food, in speech and in the tolerance of tenures, for example. Salivary secretion occurs in response to stimulation by neurotransmitters released from autonomic nerve endings. There are two secretory pathways: protein exocytosis and fluid secretion. Sympathetic stimulation leads to the activation of adenylate cyclase and accumulation of intracellular cAMP. The elevation of cAMP causes the secretion of proteins such as amylase and mucin. In contrast, parasympathetic stimulation activates phospholipase C and causes the elevation of intracellular Ca2+, which leads to fluid secretion; that is, water and ion transport. Ca2+ also induces amylase secretion, but the amount is smaller than that induced by cAMP.
Class
Organismal Systems; Digestive system
Pathway map
dsp04970  Salivary secretion
dsp04970

Other DBs
GO: 0046541
Organism
Dipodomys spectabilis (banner-tailed kangaroo rat) [GN:dsp]
Gene
122115801  Adrb1; beta-1 adrenergic receptor [KO:K04141]
122118249  Adrb2; beta-2 adrenergic receptor [KO:K04142]
122107669  Adrb3; beta-3 adrenergic receptor [KO:K04143]
122124612  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04632]
122124614  neuroendocrine secretory protein 55-like [KO:K04632]
122128067  Adcy1; adenylate cyclase type 1 [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
122120987  Adcy2; adenylate cyclase type 2 [KO:K08042] [EC:4.6.1.1]
122122500  Adcy3; adenylate cyclase type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K08043] [EC:4.6.1.1]
122113375  Adcy4; adenylate cyclase type 4 [KO:K08044] [EC:4.6.1.1]
122097950  Adcy5; adenylate cyclase type 5 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
122106258  Adcy6; adenylate cyclase type 6 isoform X1 [KO:K08046] [EC:4.6.1.1]
122119361  Adcy7; adenylate cyclase type 7 isoform X1 [KO:K08047] [EC:4.6.1.1]
122125337  Adcy8; adenylate cyclase type 8 isoform X1 [KO:K08048] [EC:4.6.1.1]
122123783  Adcy9; adenylate cyclase type 9 isoform X1 [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]
122104508  Prkacb; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
122119798  Prkaca; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
122100405  Vamp2; vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 [KO:K13504]
122123528  Adra1a; alpha-1A adrenergic receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04135]
122125032  Adra1b; alpha-1B adrenergic receptor [KO:K04136]
122120429  Adra1d; alpha-1D adrenergic receptor [KO:K04137]
122112994  Chrm3; muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 [KO:K04131]
122095118  Gnaq; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634]
122120299  Plcb1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
122105124  Plcb3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
122120360  Plcb4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
122114401  Plcb2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
122128350  Prkca; protein kinase C alpha type [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
122116145  Prkcb; protein kinase C beta type isoform X1 [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
122110671  Prkcg; protein kinase C gamma type isoform X1 [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
122108136  Itpr1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
122100994  Itpr2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 [KO:K04959]
122111510  Itpr3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04960]
122114409  Ryr3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ryanodine receptor 3 [KO:K04963]
122118832  Calm1; calmodulin-1 [KO:K02183]
122104536  Calm2; calmodulin-2 [KO:K02183]
122113235  Calml3; calmodulin-like protein 3 [KO:K02183]
122113280  Calml5; calmodulin-like protein 5 [KO:K02183]
122122996  Calml4; calmodulin-like protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K02183]
122124059  calmodulin-1-like [KO:K02183]
122125740  Calm3; calmodulin-3 [KO:K02183]
122126861  calmodulin-like [KO:K02183]
122099033  Nos1; nitric oxide synthase, brain [KO:K13240] [EC:1.14.13.39]
122097873  Gucy1a1; guanylate cyclase soluble subunit alpha-1 [KO:K12318] [EC:4.6.1.2]
122112891  guanylate cyclase soluble subunit beta-2-like [KO:K12319] [EC:4.6.1.2]
122097862  Gucy1b1; guanylate cyclase soluble subunit beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K12319] [EC:4.6.1.2]
122115721  Prkg1; cGMP-dependent protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K07376] [EC:2.7.11.12]
122106688  Prkg2; cGMP-dependent protein kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K19477] [EC:2.7.11.12]
122104097  Cd38; ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1 [KO:K01242] [EC:3.2.2.6 2.4.99.20]
122104071  Bst1; ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 2 [KO:K18152] [EC:3.2.2.6 2.4.99.20]
122100315  Best2; bestrophin-2 [KO:K13879]
122106247  Aqp5; aquaporin-5 [KO:K09867]
122097361  Atp1a3; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
122109204  Atp1a4; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
122109693  sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2 isoform X1 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
122118322  Atp1a1; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
122103692  Atp1b1; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1 [KO:K01540]
122095270  Atp1b3; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3 [KO:K01540]
122095401  Atp1b4; protein ATP1B4 isoform X1 [KO:K01540]
122098267  sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3-like [KO:K01540]
122100434  Atp1b2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2 [KO:K01540]
122110287  Fxyd2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K01538]
122119260  Atp2b1; plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 1 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
122097023  Atp2b3; plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
122107988  Atp2b2; plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 2 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
122109176  Atp2b4; plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 4 isoform X1 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
122103678  Slc12a2; solute carrier family 12 member 2 [KO:K10951]
122097554  Kcnn4; intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 4 [KO:K04945]
122116532  Kcnma1; calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04936]
122105880  Slc4a2; anion exchange protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K13855]
122115294  Slc9a1; sodium/hydrogen exchanger 1 [KO:K05742]
122105875  transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 6 [KO:K04975]
122101192  Muc5ac; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: mucin-5AC [KO:K13908]
122101193  Muc5b; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: mucin-5B [KO:K13908]
122111090  pancreatic alpha-amylase [KO:K01176] [EC:3.2.1.1]
122111096  alpha-amylase 2B [KO:K01176] [EC:3.2.1.1]
122111075  pancreatic alpha-amylase-like [KO:K01176] [EC:3.2.1.1]
122111083  pancreatic alpha-amylase-like [KO:K01176] [EC:3.2.1.1]
122126823  Dmbt1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: deleted in malignant brain tumors 1 protein [KO:K13912]
122126825  deleted in malignant brain tumors 1 protein-like [KO:K13912]
122096091  cystatin-C-like [KO:K13899]
122124087  lysozyme C-like [KO:K13915] [EC:3.2.1.17]
122124089  lysozyme C [KO:K13915] [EC:3.2.1.17]
122119257  Lpo; lactoperoxidase [KO:K12550] [EC:1.11.1.7]
122095680  cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide [KO:K13916]
Compound
C00001  H2O
C00011  CO2
C00076  Calcium cation
C00080  H+
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00238  Potassium cation
C00288  HCO3-
C00533  Nitric oxide
C00547  L-Noradrenaline
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C00698  Cl-
C00942  3',5'-Cyclic GMP
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C01330  Sodium cation
C01353  Carbonic acid
C01996  Acetylcholine
C13050  Cyclic ADP-ribose
Reference
PMID:16799262
  Authors
Ishikawa Y, Cho G, Yuan Z, Skowronski MT, Pan Y, Ishida H
  Title
Water channels and zymogen granules in salivary glands.
  Journal
J Pharmacol Sci 100:495-512 (2006)
DOI:10.1254/jphs.CRJ06007X
Reference
PMID:16712780
  Authors
Ishikawa Y, Cho G, Yuan Z, Inoue N, Nakae Y
  Title
Aquaporin-5 water channel in lipid rafts of rat parotid glands.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1758:1053-60 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbamem.2006.03.026
Reference
PMID:10682899
  Authors
Ambudkar IS
  Title
Regulation of calcium in salivary gland secretion.
  Journal
Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 11:4-25 (2000)
DOI:10.1177/10454411000110010301
Reference
PMID:10928320
  Authors
Ishikawa Y, Ishida H
  Title
Aquaporin water channel in salivary glands.
  Journal
Jpn J Pharmacol 83:95-101 (2000)
DOI:10.1254/jjp.83.95
Reference
PMID:8105741
  Authors
Baum BJ
  Title
Principles of saliva secretion.
  Journal
Ann N Y Acad Sci 694:17-23 (1993)
DOI:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb18338.x
Reference
PMID:9720759
  Authors
Fujita-Yoshigaki J
  Title
Divergence and convergence in regulated exocytosis: the characteristics of cAMP-dependent enzyme secretion of parotid salivary acinar cells.
  Journal
Cell Signal 10:371-5 (1998)
DOI:10.1016/S0898-6568(97)00178-2
Reference
PMID:18626068
  Authors
Heitzmann D, Warth R
  Title
Physiology and pathophysiology of potassium channels in gastrointestinal epithelia.
  Journal
Physiol Rev 88:1119-82 (2008)
DOI:10.1152/physrev.00020.2007
Reference
PMID:17157080
  Authors
Proctor GB, Carpenter GH
  Title
Regulation of salivary gland function by autonomic nerves.
  Journal
Auton Neurosci 133:3-18 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/j.autneu.2006.10.006
Reference
PMID:11936453
  Authors
Turner RJ, Sugiya H
  Title
Understanding salivary fluid and protein secretion.
  Journal
Oral Dis 8:3-11 (2002)
DOI:10.1034/j.1601-0825.2002.10815.x
Reference
PMID:15153696
  Authors
Van Nieuw Amerongen A, Bolscher JG, Veerman EC
  Title
Salivary proteins: protective and diagnostic value in cariology?
  Journal
Caries Res 38:247-53 (2004)
DOI:10.1159/000077762
Reference
PMID:17347411
  Authors
Nakamoto T, Srivastava A, Romanenko VG, Ovitt CE, Perez-Cornejo P, Arreola J, Begenisich T, Melvin JE
  Title
Functional and molecular characterization of the fluid secretion mechanism in human parotid acinar cells.
  Journal
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 292:R2380-90 (2007)
DOI:10.1152/ajpregu.00591.2006
Reference
PMID:15709965
  Authors
Melvin JE, Yule D, Shuttleworth T, Begenisich T
  Title
Regulation of fluid and electrolyte secretion in salivary gland acinar cells.
  Journal
Annu Rev Physiol 67:445-69 (2005)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.physiol.67.041703.084745
Reference
PMID:20224180
  Authors
Catalan MA, Nakamoto T, Melvin JE
  Title
The salivary gland fluid secretion mechanism.
  Journal
J Med Invest 56 Suppl:192-6 (2009)
DOI:10.2152/jmi.56.192
Related
pathway
dsp04020  Calcium signaling pathway
dsp04530  Tight junction
dsp04973  Carbohydrate digestion and absorption
KO pathway
ko04970   
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