KEGG PATHWAY: gat00270

PATHWAY: gat00270

Entry

gat00270                    Pathway

Name

Cysteine and methionine metabolism - Gasterosteus aculeatus (three-spined stickleback)

Description

Cysteine and methionine are sulfur-containing amino acids. Cysteine is synthesized from serine through different pathways in different organism groups. In bacteria and plants, cysteine is converted from serine (via acetylserine) by transfer of hydrogen sulfide [MD:M00021]. In animals, methionine-derived homocysteine is used as sulfur source and its condensation product with serine (cystathionine) is converted to cysteine [MD:M00338]. Cysteine is metabolized to pyruvate in multiple routes. Methionine is an essential amino acid, which animals cannot synthesize. In bacteria and plants, methionine is synthesized from aspartate [MD:M00017]. S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM), synthesized from methionine and ATP, is a methyl group donor in many important transfer reactions including DNA methylation for regulation of gene expression. SAM may also be used to regenerate methionine in the methionine salvage pathway [MD:M00034].

Class

Metabolism; Amino acid metabolism

Pathway map

gat00270

Cysteine and methionine metabolism

Module

gat_M00034

Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:gat00270]

gat_M00035

Methionine degradation [PATH:gat00270]

gat_M00338

Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:gat00270]

Other DBs

GO:	0006534 0006555

Organism

Gasterosteus aculeatus (three-spined stickleback) [GN:gat]

Gene

120824201

cystathionine gamma-lyase-like [KO:K01758] [EC:4.4.1.1]

120831551

kyat1; kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K00816] [EC:2.6.1.7 4.4.1.13 2.6.1.64]

120823744

kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase 3-like isoform X1 [KO:K00816] [EC:2.6.1.7 4.4.1.13 2.6.1.64]

120824289

cystathionine beta-synthase-like protein [KO:K01697] [EC:4.2.1.22]

120830956

betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1-like [KO:K00544] [EC:2.1.1.5]

120830957

betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1-like [KO:K00544] [EC:2.1.1.5]

120831287

betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1-like [KO:K00544] [EC:2.1.1.5]

120832005

bhmt; betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1 [KO:K00544] [EC:2.1.1.5]

120824048

zgc:172121; homocysteine S-methyltransferase [KO:K00547] [EC:2.1.1.10]

120819740

mtr; methionine synthase [KO:K00548] [EC:2.1.1.13]

120831740

mat2al; methionine adenosyltransferase II, alpha-like isoform X1 [KO:K00789] [EC:2.5.1.6]

120832263

mat2aa; methionine adenosyltransferase II, alpha a [KO:K00789] [EC:2.5.1.6]

120830681

mat2ab; S-adenosylmethionine synthase [KO:K00789] [EC:2.5.1.6]

120819597

S-adenosylmethionine synthase-like [KO:K00789] [EC:2.5.1.6]

120820379

mat1a; S-adenosylmethionine synthase [KO:K00789] [EC:2.5.1.6]

120808515

amd1; S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase proenzyme [KO:K01611] [EC:4.1.1.50]

120829521

srm; spermidine synthase [KO:K00797] [EC:2.5.1.16]

120822438

sms; spermine synthase [KO:K00802] [EC:2.5.1.22]

120825580

S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine phosphorylase [KO:K00772] [EC:2.4.2.28]

120833507

lacc1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: purine nucleoside phosphorylase LACC1 [KO:K05810] [EC:2.4.2.1 2.4.2.28 3.5.4.4]

120824805

mri1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: methylthioribose-1-phosphate isomerase [KO:K08963] [EC:5.3.1.23]

120807763

methylthioribulose-1-phosphate dehydratase [KO:K08964] [EC:4.2.1.109]

120831761

enoph1; enolase-phosphatase E1 [KO:K09880] [EC:3.1.3.77]

120832691

adi1; 1,2-dihydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentene dioxygenase [KO:K08967] [EC:1.13.11.53 1.13.11.54]

120808622

tat; tyrosine aminotransferase isoform X1 [KO:K00815] [EC:2.6.1.5]

120823029

L-amino-acid oxidase-like isoform X1 [KO:K03334] [EC:1.4.3.2]

120814801

il4i1; L-amino-acid oxidase [KO:K03334] [EC:1.4.3.2]

120832577

gnmt; glycine N-methyltransferase [KO:K00552] [EC:2.1.1.20]

120827496

dnmt1; DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K00558] [EC:2.1.1.37]

120833267

dnmt3ab; DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 3A isoform X1 [KO:K17398] [EC:2.1.1.37]

120808547

DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 3A-like isoform X1 [KO:K17398] [EC:2.1.1.37]

120829486

uncharacterized protein LOC120829486 isoform X1 [KO:K17399] [EC:2.1.1.37]

120829487

dnmt3bb.1; DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 3B [KO:K17399] [EC:2.1.1.37]

120829657

dnmt3ba; DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 3 beta, duplicate a isoform X1 [KO:K17399] [EC:2.1.1.37]

120835673

S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase-like protein 1 [KO:K01251] [EC:3.13.2.1]

120834974

ahcy; adenosylhomocysteinase [KO:K01251] [EC:3.13.2.1]

120829510

ahcyl1; S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase-like protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K01251] [EC:3.13.2.1]

120817170

ahcyl2b; adenosylhomocysteinase like 2b [KO:K01251] [EC:3.13.2.1]

120809860

S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase-like protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K01251] [EC:3.13.2.1]

120817127

bcat1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, cytosolic [KO:K00826] [EC:2.6.1.42]

120827440

bcat2; branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, mitochondrial [KO:K00826] [EC:2.6.1.42]

120831469

alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K00827] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.40]

120831470

alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K00827] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.40]

120820590

gclc; glutamate--cysteine ligase catalytic subunit [KO:K11204] [EC:6.3.2.2]

120824280

gclm; glutamate--cysteine ligase regulatory subunit [KO:K11205]

120828899

gss; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: glutathione synthetase [KO:K21456] [EC:6.3.2.3]

120830485

cdo1; cysteine dioxygenase type 1 [KO:K00456] [EC:1.13.11.20]

120830602

got1l1; putative aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic 2 [KO:K14454] [EC:2.6.1.1]

120820706

got1; aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic [KO:K14454] [EC:2.6.1.1]

120813083

aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic-like [KO:K14454] [EC:2.6.1.1]

120833472

aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial-like [KO:K14455] [EC:2.6.1.1]

120828225

mpst; 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase [KO:K01011] [EC:2.8.1.1 2.8.1.2]

120808878

ldha; L-lactate dehydrogenase A chain [KO:K00016] [EC:1.1.1.27]

120818043

ldhba; L-lactate dehydrogenase B-A chain [KO:K00016] [EC:1.1.1.27]

120809593

L-lactate dehydrogenase C chain isoform X1 [KO:K00016] [EC:1.1.1.27]

120812265

L-lactate dehydrogenase A chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K00016] [EC:1.1.1.27]

120812839

L-lactate dehydrogenase C chain-like [KO:K00016] [EC:1.1.1.27]

120825091

malate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmic-like [KO:K00025] [EC:1.1.1.37]

120815452

malate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmic-like [KO:K00025] [EC:1.1.1.37]

120810185

mdh2; malate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial [KO:K00026] [EC:1.1.1.37]

120832572

sdsl; serine dehydratase-like [KO:K17989] [EC:4.3.1.17 4.3.1.19]

120830334

L-serine dehydratase/L-threonine deaminase-like [KO:K17989] [EC:4.3.1.17 4.3.1.19]

120833834

phgdh; D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase [KO:K00058] [EC:1.1.1.95 1.1.1.399]

120831154

psat1; phosphoserine aminotransferase [KO:K00831] [EC:2.6.1.52]

Compound

C00019

S-Adenosyl-L-methionine

C00021

S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine

C00022

Pyruvate

C00041

L-Alanine

C00049

L-Aspartate

C00051

Glutathione

C00059

Sulfate

C00065

L-Serine

C00073

L-Methionine

C00094

Sulfite

C00097

L-Cysteine

C00109

2-Oxobutanoate

C00155

L-Homocysteine

C00170

5'-Methylthioadenosine

C00197

3-Phospho-D-glycerate

C00263

L-Homoserine

C00283

Hydrogen sulfide

C00409

Methanethiol

C00441

L-Aspartate 4-semialdehyde

C00491

L-Cystine

C00506

L-Cysteate

C00606

3-Sulfino-L-alanine

C00793

D-Cysteine

C00957

Mercaptopyruvate

C00979

O-Acetyl-L-serine

C01005

O-Phospho-L-serine

C01077

O-Acetyl-L-homoserine

C01102

O-Phospho-L-homoserine

C01118

O-Succinyl-L-homoserine

C01137

S-Adenosylmethioninamine

C01180

4-Methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid

C01234

1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate

C01817

L-Homocystine

C01962

Thiocysteine

C02218

Dehydroalanine

C02291

L-Cystathionine

C02356

(S)-2-Aminobutanoate

C02989

L-Methionine S-oxide

C03082

4-Phospho-L-aspartate

C03089

5-Methylthio-D-ribose

C03145

N-Formylmethionine

C03232

3-Phosphonooxypyruvate

C03431

S-Inosyl-L-homocysteine

C03539

S-Ribosyl-L-homocysteine

C04188

S-Methyl-5-thio-D-ribose 1-phosphate

C04582

S-Methyl-5-thio-D-ribulose 1-phosphate

C05324

Nicotianamine

C05524

Aminoacyl-L-methionine

C05526

S-Glutathionyl-L-cysteine

C05527

3-Sulfinylpyruvate

C05528

3-Sulfopyruvate

C05823

3-Mercaptolactate

C05824

S-Sulfo-L-cysteine

C06547

Ethylene

C08276

3-(Methylthio)propanoate

C09306

Sulfur dioxide

C11437

1-Deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate

C11481

HSO3-

C11499

(S)-3-Sulfolactate

C11537

(2R)-3-Sulfolactate

C15606

1,2-Dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one

C15650

2,3-Diketo-5-methylthiopentyl-1-phosphate

C15651

2-Hydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate

C18049

N-Acyl-L-homoserine lactone

C19787

5'-S-Methyl-5'-thioinosine

C21015

gamma-L-Glutamyl-L-2-aminobutyrate

C21016

Ophthalmate

C22359

S-Methyl-1-thio-D-xylulose 5-phosphate

Reference

PMID:15102328

Authors

Sekowska A, Denervaud V, Ashida H, Michoud K, Haas D, Yokota A, Danchin A

Title

Bacterial variations on the methionine salvage pathway.

Journal

BMC Microbiol 4:9 (2004)
DOI:10.1186/1471-2180-4-9

Reference

PMID:14551435

Authors

Ashida H, Saito Y, Kojima C, Kobayashi K, Ogasawara N, Yokota A.

Title

A functional link between RuBisCO-like protein of Bacillus and photosynthetic RuBisCO.

Journal

Science 302:286-90 (2003)
DOI:10.1126/science.1086997

Reference

PMID:12022921

Authors

Sekowska A, Danchin A.

Title

The methionine salvage pathway in Bacillus subtilis.

Journal

BMC Microbiol 2:8 (2002)
DOI:10.1186/1471-2180-2-8

Reference

PMID:12670965

Authors

Berger BJ, English S, Chan G, Knodel MH.

Title

Methionine regeneration and aminotransferases in Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus anthracis.

Journal

J Bacteriol 185:2418-31 (2003)
DOI:10.1128/JB.185.8.2418-2431.2003

Reference

PMID:17169919

Authors

Goyer A, Collakova E, Shachar-Hill Y, Hanson AD

Title

Functional characterization of a methionine gamma-lyase in Arabidopsis and its implication in an alternative to the reverse trans-sulfuration pathway.

Journal

Plant Cell Physiol 48:232-42 (2007)
DOI:10.1093/pcp/pcl055

Reference

PMID:17030798

Authors

Rebeille F, Jabrin S, Bligny R, Loizeau K, Gambonnet B, Van Wilder V, Douce R, Ravanel S

Title

Methionine catabolism in Arabidopsis cells is initiated by a gamma-cleavage process and leads to S-methylcysteine and isoleucine syntheses.

Journal

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103:15687-92 (2006)
DOI:10.1073/pnas.0606195103

Reference

PMID:18625006

Authors

Pirkov I, Norbeck J, Gustafsson L, Albers E

Title

A complete inventory of all enzymes in the eukaryotic methionine salvage pathway.

Journal

FEBS J 275:4111-20 (2008)
DOI:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06552.x

Reference

PMID:18391471

Authors

Ashida H, Saito Y, Kojima C, Yokota A

Title

Enzymatic characterization of 5-methylthioribulose-1-phosphate dehydratase of the methionine salvage pathway in Bacillus subtilis.

Journal

Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 72:959-67 (2008)
DOI:10.1271/bbb.70651

Reference

PMID:10613873

Authors

Kitabatake M, So MW, Tumbula DL, Soll D

Title

Cysteine biosynthesis pathway in the archaeon Methanosarcina barkeri encoded by acquired bacterial genes?

Journal

J Bacteriol 182:143-5 (2000)
DOI:10.1128/JB.182.1.143-145.2000

Reference

PMID:12644499

Authors

Mino K, Ishikawa K

Title

Characterization of a novel thermostable O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase from Aeropyrum pernix K1.

Journal

J Bacteriol 185:2277-84 (2003)
DOI:10.1128/JB.185.7.2277-2284.2003

Reference

PMID:18520135

Authors

Tanabe S

Title

Development of assay methods for endogenous inorganic sulfur compounds and sulfurtransferases and evaluation of the physiological functions of bound sulfur.

Journal

Yakugaku Zasshi 128:881-900 (2008)
DOI:10.1248/yakushi.128.881

Reference

Authors

Nishizuka Y, Seyama Y, Ikai A, Ishimura Y, Kawaguchi A (eds).

Title

[Cellular Functions and Metabolic Maps] (In Japanese)

Journal

Tokyo Kagaku Dojin (1997)

Reference

PMID:19270684

Authors