KEGG   PATHWAY: malb00260
Entry
malb00260                   Pathway                                
Name
Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism - Monopterus albus (swamp eel)
Description
Serine is derived from 3-phospho-D-glycerate, an intermediate of glycolysis [MD:M00020], and glycine is derived from serine. Threonine is an essential amino acid, which animals cannot synthesize. In bacteria and plants, threonine is derived from aspartate [MD:M00018].
Class
Metabolism; Amino acid metabolism
Pathway map
malb00260  Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism
malb00260

Module
malb_M00020  Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:malb00260]
malb_M00047  Creatine pathway [PATH:malb00260]
malb_M00338  Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:malb00260]
malb_M00555  Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:malb00260]
malb_M00621  Glycine cleavage system [PATH:malb00260]
malb_M00974  Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:malb00260]
Other DBs
GO: 0006544 0006563 0070178 0006566
Organism
Monopterus albus (swamp eel) [GN:malb]
Gene
109963024  probable low-specificity L-threonine aldolase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K01620] [EC:4.1.2.48]
109952648  shmt1; serine hydroxymethyltransferase, cytosolic isoform X1 [KO:K00600] [EC:2.1.2.1]
109970355  shmt2; serine hydroxymethyltransferase, mitochondrial [KO:K00600] [EC:2.1.2.1]
109957789  serine--pyruvate aminotransferase-like isoform X1 [KO:K00830] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.45 2.6.1.51]
109965709  serine--pyruvate aminotransferase, mitochondrial-like [KO:K00830] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.45 2.6.1.51]
109958456  glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase-like [KO:K00049] [EC:1.1.1.79 1.1.1.81]
109974314  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase-like [KO:K00049] [EC:1.1.1.79 1.1.1.81]
109959054  glyctk; glycerate kinase [KO:K11529] [EC:2.7.1.165]
109961103  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphoglycerate mutase 1-like [KO:K01834] [EC:5.4.2.11]
109957810  phosphoglycerate mutase 1 [KO:K01834] [EC:5.4.2.11]
109965661  phosphoglycerate mutase 2 [KO:K01834] [EC:5.4.2.11]
109951197  bpgm; bisphosphoglycerate mutase [KO:K01837] [EC:5.4.2.4 5.4.2.11]
109958150  phgdh; D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase [KO:K00058] [EC:1.1.1.95 1.1.1.399]
109956498  psat1; phosphoserine aminotransferase [KO:K00831] [EC:2.6.1.52]
109960228  psph; phosphoserine phosphatase isoform X1 [KO:K01079] [EC:3.1.3.3]
109973489  gcat; 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate coenzyme A ligase, mitochondrial [KO:K00639] [EC:2.3.1.29]
109965013  L-threonine 3-dehydrogenase, mitochondrial-like isoform X1 [KO:K15789] [EC:1.1.1.103]
109970002  L-threonine 3-dehydrogenase, mitochondrial-like [KO:K15789] [EC:1.1.1.103]
109951199  alas1; 5-aminolevulinate synthase, nonspecific, mitochondrial [KO:K00643] [EC:2.3.1.37]
109970588  5-aminolevulinate synthase, erythroid-specific, mitochondrial-like [KO:K00643] [EC:2.3.1.37]
109960730  probable flavin-containing monoamine oxidase A [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
109973931  amine oxidase [flavin-containing]-like [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
109973709  primary amine oxidase, liver isozyme-like isoform X1 [KO:K00276] [EC:1.4.3.21]
109959107  gldc; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: glycine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating), mitochondrial [KO:K00281] [EC:1.4.4.2]
109970433  amt; aminomethyltransferase, mitochondrial [KO:K00605] [EC:2.1.2.10]
109956444  dld; dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, mitochondrial [KO:K00382] [EC:1.8.1.4]
109966110  glycine cleavage system H protein, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02437]
109967142  glycine cleavage system H protein, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02437]
109956898  dao; D-amino-acid oxidase [KO:K00273] [EC:1.4.3.3]
109960590  agxt2; alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2, mitochondrial [KO:K00827] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.40]
109963291  glycine amidinotransferase, mitochondrial-like [KO:K00613] [EC:2.1.4.1]
109963352  glycine amidinotransferase, mitochondrial [KO:K00613] [EC:2.1.4.1]
109966838  gamt; guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase [KO:K00542] [EC:2.1.1.2]
109969133  chdh; choline dehydrogenase, mitochondrial [KO:K00108] [EC:1.1.99.1]
109958202  aldh7a1; alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase [KO:K14085] [EC:1.2.1.31 1.2.1.8 1.2.1.3]
109956508  betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1-like [KO:K00544] [EC:2.1.1.5]
109953000  betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1 [KO:K00544] [EC:2.1.1.5]
109953004  dmgdh; dimethylglycine dehydrogenase, mitochondrial [KO:K00315] [EC:1.5.8.4]
109953385  pipox; peroxisomal sarcosine oxidase [KO:K00306] [EC:1.5.3.1 1.5.3.7]
109963453  sardh; sarcosine dehydrogenase, mitochondrial [KO:K00314] [EC:1.5.8.3]
109973687  gnmt; glycine N-methyltransferase isoform X1 [KO:K00552] [EC:2.1.1.20]
109960512  cystathionine beta-synthase-like [KO:K01697] [EC:4.2.1.22]
109958292  cth; cystathionine gamma-lyase isoform X1 [KO:K01758] [EC:4.4.1.1]
109954894  sds; L-serine dehydratase/L-threonine deaminase [KO:K17989] [EC:4.3.1.17 4.3.1.19]
109973684  L-serine dehydratase/L-threonine deaminase-like [KO:K17989] [EC:4.3.1.17 4.3.1.19]
109962661  uncharacterized protein LOC109962661 [KO:K20498] [EC:4.3.1.18]
Compound
C00011  CO2
C00014  Ammonia
C00022  Pyruvate
C00037  Glycine
C00048  Glyoxylate
C00049  L-Aspartate
C00065  L-Serine
C00078  L-Tryptophan
C00097  L-Cysteine
C00101  Tetrahydrofolate
C00109  2-Oxobutanoate
C00114  Choline
C00143  5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate
C00168  Hydroxypyruvate
C00188  L-Threonine
C00197  3-Phospho-D-glycerate
C00213  Sarcosine
C00258  D-Glycerate
C00263  L-Homoserine
C00300  Creatine
C00430  5-Aminolevulinate
C00441  L-Aspartate 4-semialdehyde
C00546  Methylglyoxal
C00576  Betaine aldehyde
C00581  Guanidinoacetate
C00631  2-Phospho-D-glycerate
C00719  Betaine
C00740  D-Serine
C00986  1,3-Diaminopropane
C01005  O-Phospho-L-serine
C01026  N,N-Dimethylglycine
C01102  O-Phospho-L-homoserine
C01242  [Protein]-S8-aminomethyldihydrolipoyllysine
C01888  Aminoacetone
C02051  Lipoylprotein
C02291  L-Cystathionine
C02737  Phosphatidylserine
C02972  Dihydrolipoylprotein
C03082  4-Phospho-L-aspartate
C03194  (R)-1-Aminopropan-2-ol
C03232  3-Phosphonooxypyruvate
C03283  L-2,4-Diaminobutanoate
C03508  L-2-Amino-3-oxobutanoic acid
C05519  L-Allothreonine
C06231  Ectoine
C06442  N(gamma)-Acetyldiaminobutyrate
C16432  5-Hydroxyectoine
C19929  N(alpha)-Acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutyrate
Reference
  Authors
Nishizuka Y, Seyama Y, Ikai A, Ishimura Y, Kawaguchi A (eds).
  Title
[Cellular Functions and Metabolic Maps] (In Japanese)
  Journal
Tokyo Kagaku Dojin (1997)
Reference
PMID:11823218
  Authors
Kuhlmann AU, Bremer E.
  Title
Osmotically regulated synthesis of the compatible solute ectoine in Bacillus pasteurii and related Bacillus spp.
  Journal
Appl Environ Microbiol 68:772-83 (2002)
DOI:10.1128/AEM.68.2.772-783.2002
Reference
PMID:10473374
  Authors
Canovas D, Borges N, Vargas C, Ventosa A, Nieto JJ, Santos H.
  Title
Role of Ngamma-acetyldiaminobutyrate as an enzyme stabilizer and an intermediate in the biosynthesis of hydroxyectoine.
  Journal
Appl Environ Microbiol 65:3774-9 (1999)
DOI:10.1128/AEM.65.9.3774-3779.1999
Reference
PMID:17636255
  Authors
Bursy J, Pierik AJ, Pica N, Bremer E.
  Title
Osmotically induced synthesis of the compatible solute hydroxyectoine is mediated by an evolutionarily conserved ectoine hydroxylase.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 282:31147-55 (2007)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M704023200
Reference
PMID:16707670
  Authors
Garcia-Estepa R, Argandona M, Reina-Bueno M, Capote N, Iglesias-Guerra F, Nieto JJ, Vargas C.
  Title
The ectD gene, which is involved in the synthesis of the compatible solute hydroxyectoine, is essential for thermoprotection of the halophilic bacterium Chromohalobacter salexigens.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 188:3774-84 (2006)
DOI:10.1128/JB.00136-06
Reference
PMID:15470257
  Authors
Arevalo-Rodriguez M, Pan X, Boeke JD, Heitman J
  Title
FKBP12 controls aspartate pathway flux in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to prevent toxic intermediate accumulation.
  Journal
Eukaryot Cell 3:1287-96 (2004)
DOI:10.1128/EC.3.5.1287-1296.2004
Reference
PMID:7639721
  Authors
Rees WD, Hay SM
  Title
The biosynthesis of threonine by mammalian cells: expression of a complete bacterial biosynthetic pathway in an animal cell.
  Journal
Biochem J 309 ( Pt 3):999-1007 (1995)
DOI:10.1042/bj3090999
Reference
PMID:11341914
  Authors
Jacques SL, Nieman C, Bareich D, Broadhead G, Kinach R, Honek JF, Wright GD
  Title
Characterization of yeast homoserine dehydrogenase, an antifungal target: the invariant histidine 309 is important for enzyme integrity.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1544:28-41 (2001)
DOI:10.1016/S0167-4838(00)00203-X
Reference
PMID:15520012
  Authors
Chen X, Jhee KH, Kruger WD
  Title
Production of the neuromodulator H2S by cystathionine beta-synthase via the condensation of cysteine and homocysteine.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 279:52082-6 (2004)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.C400481200
Related
pathway
malb00010  Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
malb00020  Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
malb00230  Purine metabolism
malb00250  Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
malb00270  Cysteine and methionine metabolism
malb00290  Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis
malb00330  Arginine and proline metabolism
malb00470  D-Amino acid metabolism
malb00564  Glycerophospholipid metabolism
malb00600  Sphingolipid metabolism
malb00620  Pyruvate metabolism
malb00630  Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism
malb00640  Propanoate metabolism
malb00860  Porphyrin metabolism
malb00920  Sulfur metabolism
KO pathway
ko00260   
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