KEGG PATHWAY: pxu04140

KEGG

PATHWAY: pxu04140

Entry

pxu04140                    Pathway

Name

Autophagy - animal - Papilio xuthus (Asian swallowtail)

Description

Autophagy (or macroautophagy) is a cellular catabolic pathway involving in protein degradation, organelle turnover, and non-selective breakdown of cytoplasmic components, which is evolutionarily conserved among eukaryotes and exquisitely regulated. This progress initiates with production of the autophagosome, a double-membrane intracellular structure of reticular origin that engulfs cytoplasmic contents and ultimately fuses with lysosomes for cargo degradation. Autophagy is regulated in response to extra- or intracellular stress and signals such as starvation, growth factor deprivation and ER stress. Constitutive level of autophagy plays an important role in cellular homeostasis and maintains quality control of essential cellular components.

Class

Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism

Pathway map

Autophagy - animal

Other DBs

GO:

Organism

Papilio xuthus (Asian swallowtail) [GN:pxu]

Gene

insulin-like [KO:K04526]

bombyxin A-2-like [KO:K04526]

insulin receptor substrate 1 [KO:K16172]

phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]

phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma [KO:K02649]

3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]

RAC serine/threonine-protein kinase-like [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]

RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase-like isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]

phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN isoform X1 [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]

GTPase HRas [KO:K07827]

ras-related protein M-Ras-like [KO:K07831]

ras-like protein 2 [KO:K07830]

dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase dSOR1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]

mitogen-activated protein kinase 1-like [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]

hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha-like isoform X1 [KO:K08268]

tuberin [KO:K07207]

hamartin-like [KO:K07206]

BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K15464]

GTP-binding protein Rheb homolog [KO:K07208]

protein raptor homolog [KO:K07204]

serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]

serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR-like [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]

target of rapamycin complex subunit lst8 [KO:K08266]

ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]

immunoglobulin-binding protein 1 [KO:K17606]

serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]

serine/threonine-protein kinase unc-51 isoform X1 [KO:K08269] [EC:2.7.11.1]

autophagy-related protein 13 homolog [KO:K08331]

autophagy-related protein 13 homolog [KO:K08331]

autophagy-related protein 101 [KO:K19730]

RB1-inducible coiled-coil protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17589]

autophagy-related protein 2 homolog A isoform X1 [KO:K17906]

WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 2 [KO:K17908]

WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 3-like [KO:K22991]

WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 4-like [KO:K22991]

autophagy-related protein 9A [KO:K17907]

transcription factor SPT20 homolog [KO:K21245]

ras-related protein Rab-8A isoform X1 [KO:K07901]

ras-related protein Rab-39B [KO:K07925]

protein ref(2)P-like isoform X1 [KO:K14381]

serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]

ras-related protein Rab-1A [KO:K07874]

ras-related GTP-binding protein A [KO:K16185]

ras-related GTP-binding protein C [KO:K16186]

serine/threonine-protein kinase STK11 [KO:K07298] [EC:2.7.11.1]

5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]

cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]

cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-like [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]

cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-like [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]

cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-like [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]

stress-activated protein kinase JNK isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]

beclin-1-like protein [KO:K08334]

nuclear receptor-binding factor 2-like [KO:K21246]

phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 4 isoform X1 [KO:K08333] [EC:2.7.11.1]

phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 [KO:K00914] [EC:2.7.1.137]

beclin 1-associated autophagy-related key regulator [KO:K17889]

uncharacterized protein LOC106118094 [KO:K17985]

TNF receptor-associated factor 6-like [KO:K03175] [EC:2.3.2.27]

vacuole membrane protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K21248]

syntaxin-17 [KO:K08491]

uncharacterized protein LOC106125795 isoform X1 [KO:K21249]

calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K07359] [EC:2.7.11.17]

mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7-like [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]

serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]

inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04958]

high mobility group protein DSP1-like isoform X1 [KO:K10802]

eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase-like isoform X1 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]

eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 4 [KO:K16196] [EC:2.7.11.1]

eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]

myotubularin-related protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]

ubiquitin-like protein ATG12 [KO:K08336]

autophagy protein 5 [KO:K08339]

autophagy-related protein 16-1 isoform X1 [KO:K17890]

ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme ATG7 [KO:K08337]

ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG10 [KO:K17888]

ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG3 [KO:K08343]

putative Ras-related protein Rab-33 [KO:K07920]

uncharacterized protein LOC106116859 isoform X1 [KO:K10435]

cysteine protease ATG4D [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]

cysteine protease ATG4B [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]

WD repeat and FYVE domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K22262]

ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40 [KO:K02927]

polyubiquitin-C [KO:K08770]

synaptosomal-associated protein 29 [KO:K08509]

synaptobrevin homolog YKT6 [KO:K08516]

syntaxin-12 [KO:K08488]

uncharacterized protein LOC106117544 [KO:K23883]

sorting nexin-29-like [KO:K23282]

vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 11 homolog [KO:K20179]

vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 16 homolog [KO:K20180]

vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 18 homolog [KO:K20181]

vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 33A [KO:K20182]

vam6/Vps39-like protein [KO:K20183]

vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 41 homolog [KO:K20184]

baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 6 isoform X1 [KO:K10586] [EC:2.3.2.23]

Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 2 [KO:K26797]

ras-related protein Rab-7a [KO:K07897]

lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1-like [KO:K06528]

lysosomal aspartic protease [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]

cathepsin L-like [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]

cathepsin L-like isoform X1 [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]

cathepsin L1-like [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]

cathepsin B-like [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]

cathepsin B [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]

Compound

GDP

GTP

Phosphatidylethanolamine

1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol

1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate

Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate

Reference

Authors

Meijer AJ, Codogno P.

Title

Regulation and role of autophagy in mammalian cells.

Journal

Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2445-62 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.02.002

Reference

Authors

Deretic V.

Title

Autophagy in innate and adaptive immunity.

Journal

Trends Immunol 26:523-8 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.it.2005.08.003

Reference

Authors

Levine B, Yuan J.

Title

Autophagy in cell death: an innocent convict?

Journal

J Clin Invest 115:2679-88 (2005)
DOI:10.1172/JCI26390

Reference

Authors

Tanida I, Ueno T, Kominami E.

Title

LC3 conjugation system in mammalian autophagy.

Journal

Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2503-18 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.05.009

Reference

Authors

Lum JJ, DeBerardinis RJ, Thompson CB.

Title

Autophagy in metazoans: cell survival in the land of plenty.

Journal

Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6:439-48 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1660

Reference

Authors

Reggiori F, Klionsky DJ.

Title

Autophagosomes: biogenesis from scratch?

Journal

Curr Opin Cell Biol 17:415-22 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2005.06.007

Reference

Authors

Klionsky DJ, Emr SD.

Title

Autophagy as a regulated pathway of cellular degradation.

Journal

Science 290:1717-21 (2000)
DOI:10.1126/science.290.5497.1717

Reference

Authors

Bechet D, Tassa A, Taillandier D, Combaret L, Attaix D.

Title

Lysosomal proteolysis in skeletal muscle.

Journal

Int J Biochem Cell Biol 37:2098-114 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2005.02.029

Reference

Authors

He C, Klionsky DJ

Title

Regulation mechanisms and signaling pathways of autophagy.

Journal

Annu Rev Genet 43:67-93 (2009)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-genet-102808-114910

Reference

Authors

Yang Z, Klionsky DJ

Title

An overview of the molecular mechanism of autophagy.

Journal

Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 335:1-32 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-00302-8_1

Reference

Authors

Yang Z, Klionsky DJ

Title

Mammalian autophagy: core molecular machinery and signaling regulation.

Journal

Curr Opin Cell Biol 22:124-31 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2009.11.014

Reference

Authors

Chen Y, Klionsky DJ

Title

The regulation of autophagy - unanswered questions.

Journal

J Cell Sci 124:161-70 (2011)
DOI:10.1242/jcs.064576

Reference

Authors

Mizushima N, Yoshimori T, Ohsumi Y

Title

The role of Atg proteins in autophagosome formation.

Journal

Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 27:107-32 (2011)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-092910-154005

Reference

Authors

Russell RC, Yuan HX, Guan KL

Title

Autophagy regulation by nutrient signaling.

Journal

Cell Res 24:42-57 (2014)
DOI:10.1038/cr.2013.166

Reference

Authors

Noda NN, Fujioka Y

Title

Atg1 family kinases in autophagy initiation.

Journal

Cell Mol Life Sci 72:3083-96 (2015)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-015-1917-z

Related
pathway

Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum

Lysosome

mTOR signaling pathway

KO pathway

LinkDB

DBGET integrated database retrieval system