Entry
Name
Long-term depression - Sus scrofa (pig)
Description
Cerebellar long-term depression (LTD), thought to be a molecular and cellular basis for cerebellar learning, is a process involving a decrease in the synaptic strength between parallel fiber (PF) and Purkinje cells (PCs) induced by the conjunctive activation of PFs and climbing fiber (CF). Multiple signal transduction pathways have been shown to be involved in this process. Activation of PFs terminating on spines in dendritic branchlets leads to glutamate release and activation of both AMPA and mGluRs. Activation of CFs, which make multiple synaptic contacts on proximal dendrites, also via AMPA receptors, opens voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) and causes a generalized influx of calcium. These cellular signals, generated from two different synaptic origins, trigger a cascade of events culminating in a phosphorylation-dependent, long-term reduction in AMPA receptor sensitivity at the PF-PC synapse. This may take place either through receptor internalization and/or through receptor desensitization.
Class
Organismal Systems; Nervous system
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Ortholog table
Other DBs
Organism
Sus scrofa (pig) [GN:
ssc ]
Gene
397088 PPP2R1A; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65 kDa regulatory subunit A alpha isoform [KO:K03456 ]
397470 PPP2R1B; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65 kDa regulatory subunit A beta isoform isoform X3 [KO:K03456 ]
397656 PPP2CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K04382 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
397136 PPP2CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04382 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
100516747 GRID2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: glutamate receptor ionotropic, delta-2 [KO:K05207 ]
100144421 GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(k) subunit alpha [KO:K04630 ]
100144419 GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630 ]
397523 GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630 ]
100516976 GNAO1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04534 ]
100151867 GNAZ; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(z) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04535 ]
100525156 GNA12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-12 isoform X1 [KO:K04346 ]
100522824 GNA13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-13 [KO:K04639 ]
654405 GNAQ; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634 ]
733588 GNA11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11 [KO:K04635 ]
100152679 PLCB1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
100157641 PLCB2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
100516581 PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
100525148 PLCB3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
100525387 CACNA1A; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A [KO:K04344 ]
397454 ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958 ]
100517279 ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04959 ]
100155015 ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04960 ]
397426 CRHR1; corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 precursor [KO:K04578 ]
397491 IGF1; insulin-like growth factor I precursor [KO:K05459 ]
Compound
C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
Authors
Ito M.
Title
The molecular organization of cerebellar long-term depression.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Ito M.
Title
Cerebellar long-term depression: characterization, signal transduction, and functional roles.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Purves D, Augustine GJ (ed).
Title
Neuroscience
Journal
Sunderland, Mass.:Sinauer Associates (2004)
Reference
Authors
Daniel H, Levenes C, Crepel F.
Title
Cellular mechanisms of cerebellar LTD.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Levenes C, Daniel H, Crepel F.
Title
Long-term depression of synaptic transmission in the cerebellum: cellular and molecular mechanisms revisited.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Metzger F, Kapfhammer JP.
Title
Protein kinase C: its role in activity-dependent Purkinje cell dendritic development and plasticity.
Journal
Related pathway
KO pathway
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