KEGG   PATHWAY: atri00270
Entry
atri00270                   Pathway                                
Name
Cysteine and methionine metabolism - Amaranthus tricolor (tampala)
Description
Cysteine and methionine are sulfur-containing amino acids. Cysteine is synthesized from serine through different pathways in different organism groups. In bacteria and plants, cysteine is converted from serine (via acetylserine) by transfer of hydrogen sulfide [MD:M00021]. In animals, methionine-derived homocysteine is used as sulfur source and its condensation product with serine (cystathionine) is converted to cysteine [MD:M00338]. Cysteine is metabolized to pyruvate in multiple routes. Methionine is an essential amino acid, which animals cannot synthesize. In bacteria and plants, methionine is synthesized from aspartate [MD:M00017]. S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM), synthesized from methionine and ATP, is a methyl group donor in many important transfer reactions including DNA methylation for regulation of gene expression. SAM may also be used to regenerate methionine in the methionine salvage pathway [MD:M00034].
Class
Metabolism; Amino acid metabolism
Pathway map
atri00270  Cysteine and methionine metabolism
atri00270

Module
atri_M00021  Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:atri00270]
atri_M00034  Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:atri00270]
atri_M00368  Ethylene biosynthesis, methionine => ethylene [PATH:atri00270]
Other DBs
GO: 0006534 0006555
Organism
Amaranthus tricolor (tampala) [GN:atri]
Gene
130818139  serine acetyltransferase 1, chloroplastic [KO:K00640] [EC:2.3.1.30]
130818141  serine acetyltransferase 5 isoform X1 [KO:K00640] [EC:2.3.1.30]
130807971  serine acetyltransferase 1, chloroplastic-like [KO:K00640] [EC:2.3.1.30]
130817342  serine acetyltransferase 5-like isoform X1 [KO:K00640] [EC:2.3.1.30]
130818083  cysteine synthase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
130797253  cysteine synthase-like [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
130797254  cysteine synthase-like isoform X1 [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
130797256  cysteine synthase-like isoform X1 [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
130797257  cysteine synthase-like [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
130825772  cysteine synthase, chloroplastic/chromoplastic [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
130817768  cysteine synthase [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
130817802  cysteine synthase-like [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
130811333  bifunctional L-3-cyanoalanine synthase/cysteine synthase, mitochondrial [KO:K13034] [EC:2.5.1.47 4.4.1.9]
130815546  cystathionine beta-lyase, chloroplastic [KO:K01760] [EC:4.4.1.13]
130807478  homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1 [KO:K00547] [EC:2.1.1.10]
130798523  homocysteine S-methyltransferase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K00547] [EC:2.1.1.10]
130827728  5-methyltetrahydropteroyltriglutamate-- homocysteine methyltransferase-like [KO:K00549] [EC:2.1.1.14]
130813422  5-methyltetrahydropteroyltriglutamate-- homocysteine methyltransferase-like [KO:K00549] [EC:2.1.1.14]
130804489  5-methyltetrahydropteroyltriglutamate-- homocysteine methyltransferase [KO:K00549] [EC:2.1.1.14]
130804490  5-methyltetrahydropteroyltriglutamate-- homocysteine methyltransferase-like [KO:K00549] [EC:2.1.1.14]
130798695  S-adenosylmethionine synthase 2 [KO:K00789] [EC:2.5.1.6]
130800311  S-adenosylmethionine synthase 2-like [KO:K00789] [EC:2.5.1.6]
130817830  S-adenosylmethionine synthase 4 [KO:K00789] [EC:2.5.1.6]
130823918  S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase proenzyme-like [KO:K01611] [EC:4.1.1.50]
130824236  S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase proenzyme-like [KO:K01611] [EC:4.1.1.50]
130802333  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase proenzyme-like [KO:K01611] [EC:4.1.1.50]
130821053  S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase proenzyme [KO:K01611] [EC:4.1.1.50]
130805104  spermine synthase [KO:K00797] [EC:2.5.1.16]
130820412  spermidine synthase 1-like [KO:K00797] [EC:2.5.1.16]
130807560  spermidine synthase-like [KO:K00797] [EC:2.5.1.16]
130796950  nicotianamine synthase-like [KO:K05953] [EC:2.5.1.43]
130817861  nicotianamine synthase-like [KO:K05953] [EC:2.5.1.43]
130803397  5'-methylthioadenosine nucleosidase-like [KO:K01244] [EC:3.2.2.16]
130824846  methylthioribose kinase [KO:K00899] [EC:2.7.1.100]
130824021  methylthioribose-1-phosphate isomerase [KO:K08963] [EC:5.3.1.23]
130817593  probable bifunctional methylthioribulose-1-phosphate dehydratase/enolase-phosphatase E1 1 isoform X1 [KO:K16054] [EC:4.2.1.109 3.1.3.77]
130825229  acireductone dioxygenase 2-like [KO:K08967] [EC:1.13.11.53 1.13.11.54]
130825757  acireductone dioxygenase 1 [KO:K08967] [EC:1.13.11.53 1.13.11.54]
130821414  probable aminotransferase TAT2 [KO:K00815] [EC:2.6.1.5]
130809475  probable aminotransferase TAT2 [KO:K00815] [EC:2.6.1.5]
130801494  probable aminotransferase TAT2 [KO:K00815] [EC:2.6.1.5]
130821590  aromatic aminotransferase ISS1 isoform X1 [KO:K00837] [EC:2.6.1.-]
130799931  methionine gamma-lyase-like [KO:K01761] [EC:4.4.1.11]
130800815  methionine gamma-lyase-like [KO:K01761] [EC:4.4.1.11]
130819723  DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase CMT3-like isoform X1 [KO:K00558] [EC:2.1.1.37]
130823969  DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1-like [KO:K00558] [EC:2.1.1.37]
130826062  DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1A-like [KO:K00558] [EC:2.1.1.37]
130812111  DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1B-like [KO:K00558] [EC:2.1.1.37]
130828885  DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase CMT3-like [KO:K00558] [EC:2.1.1.37]
130801794  DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase CMT2 [KO:K00558] [EC:2.1.1.37]
130796706  PWWP domain-containing protein 1-like [KO:K17398] [EC:2.1.1.37]
130826001  adenosylhomocysteinase [KO:K01251] [EC:3.13.2.1]
130814611  adenosylhomocysteinase [KO:K01251] [EC:3.13.2.1]
130799905  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase-like [KO:K20772] [EC:4.4.1.14]
130800125  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase-like [KO:K20772] [EC:4.4.1.14]
130801488  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase-like [KO:K20772] [EC:4.4.1.14]
130801543  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase-like [KO:K20772] [EC:4.4.1.14]
130820813  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 3-like [KO:K01762] [EC:4.4.1.14]
130808166  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 3 [KO:K01762] [EC:4.4.1.14]
130815280  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 7 [KO:K01762] [EC:4.4.1.14]
130806105  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase 1-like [KO:K05933] [EC:1.14.17.4]
130810526  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase 5 [KO:K05933] [EC:1.14.17.4]
130802867  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase 1-like [KO:K05933] [EC:1.14.17.4]
130815313  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase-like [KO:K05933] [EC:1.14.17.4]
130820709  aspartokinase 2, chloroplastic isoform X1 [KO:K00928] [EC:2.7.2.4]
130805270  bifunctional aspartokinase/homoserine dehydrogenase 2, chloroplastic-like isoform X1 [KO:K12524] [EC:2.7.2.4 1.1.1.3]
130810079  uncharacterized protein LOC130810079 [KO:K00133] [EC:1.2.1.11]
130801870  cystathionine gamma-synthase 1, chloroplastic [KO:K01739] [EC:2.5.1.48]
130807370  branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase 2, chloroplastic-like [KO:K00826] [EC:2.6.1.42]
130798111  branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase 2, chloroplastic-like [KO:K00826] [EC:2.6.1.42]
130810563  branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase 2, chloroplastic-like [KO:K00826] [EC:2.6.1.42]
130814812  branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase 2, chloroplastic-like [KO:K00826] [EC:2.6.1.42]
130820621  alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2 homolog 1, mitochondrial [KO:K00827] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.40]
130827818  alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2 homolog 3, mitochondrial-like [KO:K00827] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.40]
130814179  alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2 homolog 3, mitochondrial-like [KO:K00827] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.40]
130804855  glutamate--cysteine ligase, chloroplastic [KO:K01919] [EC:6.3.2.2]
130828883  glutathione synthetase, chloroplastic [KO:K21456] [EC:6.3.2.3]
130802846  aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic isoform X1 [KO:K14454] [EC:2.6.1.1]
130814968  aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic-like [KO:K14454] [EC:2.6.1.1]
130806227  aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial [KO:K14455] [EC:2.6.1.1]
130804649  aspartate aminotransferase, chloroplastic [KO:K00811] [EC:2.6.1.1]
130804122  thiosulfate/3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase 1, mitochondrial-like [KO:K01011] [EC:2.8.1.1 2.8.1.2]
130799838  L-lactate dehydrogenase B-like [KO:K00016] [EC:1.1.1.27]
130804039  L-lactate dehydrogenase B-like [KO:K00016] [EC:1.1.1.27]
130821243  D-cysteine desulfhydrase 2, mitochondrial [KO:K05396] [EC:4.4.1.15]
130814469  putative D-cysteine desulfhydrase 1, mitochondrial [KO:K05396] [EC:4.4.1.15]
130828433  probable L-cysteine desulfhydrase, chloroplastic [KO:K22207] [EC:4.4.1.28]
130809460  malate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmic [KO:K00025] [EC:1.1.1.37]
130810481  malate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmic-like [KO:K00025] [EC:1.1.1.37]
130821375  malate dehydrogenase, glyoxysomal [KO:K00026] [EC:1.1.1.37]
130807353  malate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial-like [KO:K00026] [EC:1.1.1.37]
130808194  malate dehydrogenase, glyoxysomal-like [KO:K00026] [EC:1.1.1.37]
130799129  malate dehydrogenase, chloroplastic-like [KO:K00026] [EC:1.1.1.37]
130814494  malate dehydrogenase, chloroplastic-like [KO:K00026] [EC:1.1.1.37]
130817461  malate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial [KO:K00026] [EC:1.1.1.37]
130818732  cysteine synthase-like [KO:K22846] [EC:2.5.1.144]
130824374  D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase 3, chloroplastic-like [KO:K00058] [EC:1.1.1.95 1.1.1.399]
130824949  D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase 1, chloroplastic-like [KO:K00058] [EC:1.1.1.95 1.1.1.399]
130824964  D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase 1, chloroplastic [KO:K00058] [EC:1.1.1.95 1.1.1.399]
130827235  D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase 3, chloroplastic-like [KO:K00058] [EC:1.1.1.95 1.1.1.399]
130824321  phosphoserine aminotransferase, chloroplastic-like [KO:K00831] [EC:2.6.1.52]
Compound
C00019  S-Adenosyl-L-methionine
C00021  S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine
C00022  Pyruvate
C00041  L-Alanine
C00049  L-Aspartate
C00051  Glutathione
C00059  Sulfate
C00065  L-Serine
C00073  L-Methionine
C00094  Sulfite
C00097  L-Cysteine
C00109  2-Oxobutanoate
C00155  L-Homocysteine
C00170  5'-Methylthioadenosine
C00197  3-Phospho-D-glycerate
C00263  L-Homoserine
C00283  Hydrogen sulfide
C00409  Methanethiol
C00441  L-Aspartate 4-semialdehyde
C00491  L-Cystine
C00506  L-Cysteate
C00606  3-Sulfino-L-alanine
C00793  D-Cysteine
C00957  Mercaptopyruvate
C00979  O-Acetyl-L-serine
C01005  O-Phospho-L-serine
C01077  O-Acetyl-L-homoserine
C01118  O-Succinyl-L-homoserine
C01137  S-Adenosylmethioninamine
C01180  4-Methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid
C01234  1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate
C01817  L-Homocystine
C01962  Thiocysteine
C02218  Dehydroalanine
C02291  L-Cystathionine
C02356  (S)-2-Aminobutanoate
C02989  L-Methionine S-oxide
C03082  4-Phospho-L-aspartate
C03089  5-Methylthio-D-ribose
C03145  N-Formylmethionine
C03232  3-Phosphonooxypyruvate
C03431  S-Inosyl-L-homocysteine
C03539  S-Ribosyl-L-homocysteine
C04188  S-Methyl-5-thio-D-ribose 1-phosphate
C04582  S-Methyl-5-thio-D-ribulose 1-phosphate
C05324  Nicotianamine
C05524  Aminoacyl-L-methionine
C05526  S-Glutathionyl-L-cysteine
C05527  3-Sulfinylpyruvate
C05528  3-Sulfopyruvate
C05823  3-Mercaptolactate
C05824  S-Sulfo-L-cysteine
C06547  Ethylene
C08276  3-(Methylthio)propanoate
C09306  Sulfur dioxide
C11437  1-Deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate
C11481  HSO3-
C11499  (S)-3-Sulfolactate
C11537  (2R)-3-Sulfolactate
C15606  1,2-Dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one
C15650  2,3-Diketo-5-methylthiopentyl-1-phosphate
C15651  2-Hydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate
C18049  N-Acyl-L-homoserine lactone
C19787  5'-S-Methyl-5'-thioinosine
C21015  gamma-L-Glutamyl-L-2-aminobutyrate
C21016  Ophthalmate
C22359  S-Methyl-1-thio-D-xylulose 5-phosphate
Reference
PMID:15102328
  Authors
Sekowska A, Denervaud V, Ashida H, Michoud K, Haas D, Yokota A, Danchin A
  Title
Bacterial variations on the methionine salvage pathway.
  Journal
BMC Microbiol 4:9 (2004)
DOI:10.1186/1471-2180-4-9
Reference
PMID:14551435
  Authors
Ashida H, Saito Y, Kojima C, Kobayashi K, Ogasawara N, Yokota A.
  Title
A functional link between RuBisCO-like protein of Bacillus and photosynthetic RuBisCO.
  Journal
Science 302:286-90 (2003)
DOI:10.1126/science.1086997
Reference
PMID:12022921
  Authors
Sekowska A, Danchin A.
  Title
The methionine salvage pathway in Bacillus subtilis.
  Journal
BMC Microbiol 2:8 (2002)
DOI:10.1186/1471-2180-2-8
Reference
PMID:12670965
  Authors
Berger BJ, English S, Chan G, Knodel MH.
  Title
Methionine regeneration and aminotransferases in Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus anthracis.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 185:2418-31 (2003)
DOI:10.1128/JB.185.8.2418-2431.2003
Reference
PMID:17169919
  Authors
Goyer A, Collakova E, Shachar-Hill Y, Hanson AD
  Title
Functional characterization of a methionine gamma-lyase in Arabidopsis and its implication in an alternative to the reverse trans-sulfuration pathway.
  Journal
Plant Cell Physiol 48:232-42 (2007)
DOI:10.1093/pcp/pcl055
Reference
PMID:17030798
  Authors
Rebeille F, Jabrin S, Bligny R, Loizeau K, Gambonnet B, Van Wilder V, Douce R, Ravanel S
  Title
Methionine catabolism in Arabidopsis cells is initiated by a gamma-cleavage process and leads to S-methylcysteine and isoleucine syntheses.
  Journal
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103:15687-92 (2006)
DOI:10.1073/pnas.0606195103
Reference
PMID:18625006
  Authors
Pirkov I, Norbeck J, Gustafsson L, Albers E
  Title
A complete inventory of all enzymes in the eukaryotic methionine salvage pathway.
  Journal
FEBS J 275:4111-20 (2008)
DOI:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06552.x
Reference
PMID:18391471
  Authors
Ashida H, Saito Y, Kojima C, Yokota A
  Title
Enzymatic characterization of 5-methylthioribulose-1-phosphate dehydratase of the methionine salvage pathway in Bacillus subtilis.
  Journal
Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 72:959-67 (2008)
DOI:10.1271/bbb.70651
Reference
PMID:10613873
  Authors
Kitabatake M, So MW, Tumbula DL, Soll D
  Title
Cysteine biosynthesis pathway in the archaeon Methanosarcina barkeri encoded by acquired bacterial genes?
  Journal
J Bacteriol 182:143-5 (2000)
DOI:10.1128/JB.182.1.143-145.2000
Reference
PMID:12644499
  Authors
Mino K, Ishikawa K
  Title
Characterization of a novel thermostable O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase from Aeropyrum pernix K1.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 185:2277-84 (2003)
DOI:10.1128/JB.185.7.2277-2284.2003
Reference
PMID:18520135
  Authors
Tanabe S
  Title
Development of assay methods for endogenous inorganic sulfur compounds and sulfurtransferases and evaluation of the physiological functions of bound sulfur.
  Journal
Yakugaku Zasshi 128:881-900 (2008)
DOI:10.1248/yakushi.128.881
Reference
  Authors
Nishizuka Y, Seyama Y, Ikai A, Ishimura Y, Kawaguchi A (eds).
  Title
[Cellular Functions and Metabolic Maps] (In Japanese)
  Journal
Tokyo Kagaku Dojin (1997)
Reference
PMID:19270684
  Authors
Gutierrez JA, Crowder T, Rinaldo-Matthis A, Ho MC, Almo SC, Schramm VL
  Title
Transition state analogs of 5'-methylthioadenosine nucleosidase disrupt quorum sensing.
  Journal
Nat Chem Biol 5:251-7 (2009)
DOI:10.1038/nchembio.153
Related
pathway
atri00010  Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
atri00250  Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
atri00260  Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism
atri00290  Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis
atri00430  Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism
atri00480  Glutathione metabolism
atri00620  Pyruvate metabolism
atri00640  Propanoate metabolism
atri00770  Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis
atri00900  Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
atri00920  Sulfur metabolism
KO pathway
ko00270   
LinkDB

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