KEGG   PATHWAY: dmn04140
Entry
dmn04140                    Pathway                                
Name
Autophagy - animal - Drosophila miranda
Description
Autophagy (or macroautophagy) is a cellular catabolic pathway involving in protein degradation, organelle turnover, and non-selective breakdown of cytoplasmic components, which is evolutionarily conserved among eukaryotes and exquisitely regulated. This progress initiates with production of the autophagosome, a double-membrane intracellular structure of reticular origin that engulfs cytoplasmic contents and ultimately fuses with lysosomes for cargo degradation. Autophagy is regulated in response to extra- or intracellular stress and signals such as starvation, growth factor deprivation and ER stress. Constitutive level of autophagy plays an important role in cellular homeostasis and maintains quality control of essential cellular components.
Class
Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
Pathway map
dmn04140  Autophagy - animal
dmn04140

Other DBs
GO: 0006914
Organism
Drosophila miranda [GN:dmn]
Gene
108152247  probable insulin-like peptide 1 [KO:K04526]
108152248  probable insulin-like peptide 2 [KO:K04526]
108152249  probable insulin-like peptide 4 isoform X1 [KO:K04526]
108152251  probable insulin-like peptide 5 [KO:K04526]
108152252  probable insulin-like peptide 3 [KO:K04526]
108155588  insulin-like receptor [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
108162201  insulin receptor substrate 1 isoform X1 [KO:K16172]
108155590  phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
108163765  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
108152238  3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 isoform X2 [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
108156844  RAC serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
108161604  phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN isoform X1 [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
108154114  ras-like protein 1 [KO:K07827]
108152687  ras-like protein 2 [KO:K07830]
108164991  dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase dSOR1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
117191703  dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase dSOR1-like [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
117189168  mitogen-activated protein kinase ERK-A isoform X1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
108154915  protein similar isoform X2 [KO:K08268]
108151002  tuberin [KO:K07207]
108153938  hamartin [KO:K07206]
108151526  uncharacterized protein LOC108151526 isoform X1 [KO:K15464]
108157339  GTP-binding protein Rheb homolog [KO:K07208]
108158608  regulatory-associated protein of mTOR [KO:K07204]
108162417  serine/threonine-protein kinase Tor [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
108159003  protein LST8 homolog [KO:K08266]
108151753  ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-2 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
108163714  immunoglobulin-binding protein 1 [KO:K17606]
108162378  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP2A [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
108152295  serine/threonine-protein kinase unc-51 [KO:K08269] [EC:2.7.11.1]
108156953  autophagy-related protein 13 homolog [KO:K08331]
108153679  autophagy-related protein 101 [KO:K19730]
108156125  RB1-inducible coiled-coil protein 1 [KO:K17589]
108152143  autophagy-related protein 2 homolog A [KO:K17906]
108163088  WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17908]
108165493  WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17908]
108156827  WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 3 [KO:K22991]
108159145  autophagy-related protein 9A [KO:K17907]
117189451  autophagy-related protein 9A-like [KO:K17907]
108152115  uncharacterized protein LOC108152115 isoform X1 [KO:K21245]
108153005  ras-related protein Rab-8A [KO:K07901]
108156123  ras-like protein rasD [KO:K07901]
108155656  ras-related protein Rab-39B [KO:K07925]
108163389  serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]
108151777  GTP-binding protein ypt1 [KO:K07874]
108156088  ras-related protein Rab-1A [KO:K07874]
108157103  ras-related GTP-binding protein A [KO:K16185]
108159899  ras-related GTP-binding protein C [KO:K16186]
117190457  ras-related GTP-binding protein C-like [KO:K16186]
117190458  ras-related GTP-binding protein D-like [KO:K16186]
108156323  serine/threonine-protein kinase stk11 [KO:K07298] [EC:2.7.11.1]
108152076  5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
108163091  cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit 1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
108157657  cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
108157658  cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit 2 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
108153242  mucin-5AC isoform X2 [KO:K06068] [EC:2.7.11.13]
108161325  stress-activated protein kinase JNK isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
108154884  beclin-1-like protein [KO:K08334]
108155348  phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 4 [KO:K08333] [EC:2.7.11.1]
108158712  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 [KO:K00914] [EC:2.7.1.137]
108155649  beclin 1-associated autophagy-related key regulator [KO:K17889]
108164693  TNF receptor-associated factor 6 [KO:K03175] [EC:2.3.2.27]
108152772  ras guanine nucleotide exchange factor V isoform X1 [KO:K21247]
108164638  vacuole membrane protein 1 [KO:K21248]
108150755  vacuole membrane protein 1 [KO:K21248]
108154031  vacuole membrane protein 1-like [KO:K21248]
108153165  syntaxin-17 [KO:K08491]
108163729  UV radiation resistance-associated gene protein [KO:K21249]
108160087  endophilin-B1 isoform X1 [KO:K11248]
117185708  endophilin-B1-like isoform X1 [KO:K11248]
108164709  uncharacterized protein LOC108164709 isoform X1 [KO:K19330]
108156905  calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K07359] [EC:2.7.11.17]
108158976  mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
108154193  putative mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7-like [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
108156694  mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
108156585  serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
108155501  inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
108164526  high mobility group protein DSP1 isoform X1 [KO:K10802]
108156119  eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase isoform X1 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
108156379  eIF-2-alpha kinase GCN2 [KO:K16196] [EC:2.7.11.1]
108152123  eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
108163688  myotubularin-related protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
108159296  myotubularin-related protein 14 [KO:K18086] [EC:3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
117194952  myotubularin-related protein 14-like [KO:K18086] [EC:3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
108152378  autophagy protein 12-like [KO:K08336]
108164668  autophagy protein 5 [KO:K08339]
108156215  autophagy-related protein 16-1 isoform X1 [KO:K17890]
117185858  ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme ATG7 isoform X1 [KO:K08337]
117187876  ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme atg7 [KO:K08337]
117187877  ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme atg7 [KO:K08337]
108160311  ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG10 [KO:K17888]
108152645  ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG3 [KO:K08343]
108164796  gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein [KO:K08341]
108157438  gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein [KO:K08341]
108162995  cysteine protease ATG4B [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
108155121  cysteine protease ATG4C isoform X2 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
108162754  WD repeat and FYVE domain-containing protein 3 [KO:K22262]
108161758  ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40 [KO:K02927]
108161615  ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a [KO:K02977]
108153453  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: uncharacterized protein LOC108153453 [KO:K08770]
108157008  polyubiquitin-C [KO:K08770]
108159432  synaptosomal-associated protein 29 [KO:K08509]
108156031  synaptobrevin homolog YKT6 [KO:K08516]
108153269  syntaxin-7 [KO:K08488]
108154635  ectopic P granules protein 5 homolog [KO:K23883]
108159520  protein associated with UVRAG as autophagy enhancer [KO:K23282]
108156729  vacuolar protein-sorting-associated protein 11 homolog [KO:K20179]
108154620  vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 16 homolog [KO:K20180]
108150972  vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 18 homolog [KO:K20181]
108158250  vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 33A [KO:K20182]
108155559  vam6/Vps39-like protein [KO:K20183]
108162387  vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 41 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K20184]
108154832  baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 6 isoform X1 [KO:K10586] [EC:2.3.2.23]
108152135  Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 2 [KO:K26797]
108155645  ras-related protein Rab-7a [KO:K07897]
117187088  ras-related protein Rab-7a-like [KO:K07897]
117187090  ras-related protein Rab-7a-like [KO:K07897]
108163124  lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1 [KO:K06528]
108157688  lysosomal aspartic protease [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
108157689  aspartic proteinase A1 [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
108162717  lysosomal aspartic protease [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
108163700  lysosomal aspartic protease [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
108165158  pepsin-2B [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
108158243  lysosomal aspartic protease [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
108161530  cathepsin D [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
108161531  cathepsin E [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
108161532  aspartic proteinase oryzasin-1 [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
108161533  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: lysosomal aspartic protease [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
108157847  lysosomal aspartic protease [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
108158972  lysosomal aspartic protease [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
117188903  aspartic proteinase A3-like [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
117188906  cathepsin D-like [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
117189111  aspartic proteinase oryzasin-1-like [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
117189112  lysosomal aspartic protease-like [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
117189113  lysosomal aspartic protease-like [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
117189114  aspartic proteinase oryzasin-1-like [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
117189441  lysosomal aspartic protease-like [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
117191493  lysosomal aspartic protease-like [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
117191867  lysosomal aspartic protease-like [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
108160125  cathepsin L [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
108158340  cathepsin L1 [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
108153723  cathepsin L1 [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
108164243  cathepsin L1 [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
108165306  cathepsin L-like [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
108160914  zingipain-1 [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
108160929  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cathepsin L1 [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
117188110  zingipain-1 [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
117193352  cathepsin L [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
117193353  cathepsin L-like [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
117185741  cathepsin L1-like isoform X1 [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
108164733  cathepsin B [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
Compound
C00035  GDP
C00044  GTP
C00350  Phosphatidylethanolamine
C01194  1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol
C04549  1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:15325584
  Authors
Meijer AJ, Codogno P.
  Title
Regulation and role of autophagy in mammalian cells.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2445-62 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.02.002
Reference
PMID:16099218
  Authors
Deretic V.
  Title
Autophagy in innate and adaptive immunity.
  Journal
Trends Immunol 26:523-8 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.it.2005.08.003
Reference
PMID:16200202
  Authors
Levine B, Yuan J.
  Title
Autophagy in cell death: an innocent convict?
  Journal
J Clin Invest 115:2679-88 (2005)
DOI:10.1172/JCI26390
Reference
PMID:15325588
  Authors
Tanida I, Ueno T, Kominami E.
  Title
LC3 conjugation system in mammalian autophagy.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2503-18 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.05.009
Reference
PMID:15928708
  Authors
Lum JJ, DeBerardinis RJ, Thompson CB.
  Title
Autophagy in metazoans: cell survival in the land of plenty.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6:439-48 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1660
Reference
PMID:15978794
  Authors
Reggiori F, Klionsky DJ.
  Title
Autophagosomes: biogenesis from scratch?
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 17:415-22 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2005.06.007
Reference
PMID:11099404
  Authors
Klionsky DJ, Emr SD.
  Title
Autophagy as a regulated pathway of cellular degradation.
  Journal
Science 290:1717-21 (2000)
DOI:10.1126/science.290.5497.1717
Reference
PMID:16125113
  Authors
Bechet D, Tassa A, Taillandier D, Combaret L, Attaix D.
  Title
Lysosomal proteolysis in skeletal muscle.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 37:2098-114 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2005.02.029
Reference
PMID:19653858
  Authors
He C, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Regulation mechanisms and signaling pathways of autophagy.
  Journal
Annu Rev Genet 43:67-93 (2009)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-genet-102808-114910
Reference
PMID:19802558
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
An overview of the molecular mechanism of autophagy.
  Journal
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 335:1-32 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-00302-8_1
Reference
PMID:20034776
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Mammalian autophagy: core molecular machinery and signaling regulation.
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 22:124-31 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2009.11.014
Reference
PMID:21187343
  Authors
Chen Y, Klionsky DJ
  Title
The regulation of autophagy - unanswered questions.
  Journal
J Cell Sci 124:161-70 (2011)
DOI:10.1242/jcs.064576
Reference
PMID:21801009
  Authors
Mizushima N, Yoshimori T, Ohsumi Y
  Title
The role of Atg proteins in autophagosome formation.
  Journal
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 27:107-32 (2011)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-092910-154005
Reference
PMID:24343578
  Authors
Russell RC, Yuan HX, Guan KL
  Title
Autophagy regulation by nutrient signaling.
  Journal
Cell Res 24:42-57 (2014)
DOI:10.1038/cr.2013.166
Reference
PMID:25948417
  Authors
Noda NN, Fujioka Y
  Title
Atg1 family kinases in autophagy initiation.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 72:3083-96 (2015)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-015-1917-z
Related
pathway
dmn04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
dmn04142  Lysosome
dmn04150  mTOR signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04140   
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