Entry Name African trypanosomiasis
Description Trypanosoma brucei, the parasite responsible for African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness), are spread by the tsetse fly in sub-Saharan Africa. The parasites are able to pass through the blood-brain barrier and cause neurological damage by inducing cytokines like TNF alpha, IFN gamma, and IL1. These cytokines and other metabolites such as nitric oxide and somnogenic prostaglandin D2 disturb circadian rhythms in patients with African trypanosomiasis.
Class Human Diseases; Infectious disease: parasiticBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map Disease H00357 African trypanosomiasis
Orthology K03156 TNF, TNFA; tumor necrosis factor superfamily, member 2
K04234 F2RL1, PAR2; coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor-like 1
K04389 TNFSF6, FASL, CD178; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6
K04390 TNFRSF6, FAS, CD95; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6
K04519 IL1B; interleukin 1 beta
K04634 GNAQ; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha
K04729 MYD88; myeloid differentiation primary response protein MyD88
K05443 IL10, CSIF; interleukin 10
K05482 IL18, IL1F4; interleukin 18
K06241 LAMA4; laminin, alpha 4
K06490 ICAM1, CD54; intercellular adhesion molecule 1
K06494 SELE, CD62E; selectin, endothelial cell
K06527 VCAM1, CD106; vascular cell adhesion molecule 1
K06856 IGH; immunoglobulin heavy chain
K08757 APOA1; apolipoprotein A-I
K10161 TLR9, CD289; toll-like receptor 9
K12334 NPPA; natriuretic peptide A
K13537 CPB; cysteine peptidase B [EC:3.4.22.-]
K13822 HBA; hemoglobin subunit alpha
K13823 HBB; hemoglobin subunit beta
K14473 VSG; variant surface glycoprotein
K14474 TLTF; T-lymphocyte triggering factor
K14475 ICP; inhibitor of cysteine peptidase
K14477 HPR; haptoglobin-related protein
K14478 HPHBR; haptoglobin-hemoglobin receptor
K23584 SRA; resistance-associated protein
K23585 APOL1; apolipoprotein L1
Compound C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference Authors Antoine-Moussiaux N, Buscher P, Desmecht D
Title Host-parasite interactions in trypanosomiasis: on the way to an antidisease strategy.
Journal Reference Authors Enanga B, Burchmore RJ, Stewart ML, Barrett MP
Title Sleeping sickness and the brain.
Journal Reference Authors Bisser S, Ouwe-Missi-Oukem-Boyer ON, Toure FS, Taoufiq Z, Bouteille B, Buguet A, Mazier D
Title Harbouring in the brain: A focus on immune evasion mechanisms and their deleterious effects in malaria and human African trypanosomiasis.
Journal Reference Authors Masocha W, Rottenberg ME, Kristensson K
Title Migration of African trypanosomes across the blood-brain barrier.
Journal Reference Authors Lonsdale-Eccles JD, Grab DJ
Title Trypanosome hydrolases and the blood-brain barrier.
Journal Reference Authors Grab DJ, Kennedy PG
Title Traversal of human and animal trypanosomes across the blood-brain barrier.
Journal Reference Authors Kristensson K, Nygard M, Bertini G, Bentivoglio M
Title African trypanosome infections of the nervous system: parasite entry and effects on sleep and synaptic functions.
Journal Reference Authors Pays E, Vanhollebeke B
Title Human innate immunity against African trypanosomes.
Journal Reference Authors Donelson JE, Hill KL, El-Sayed NM
Title Multiple mechanisms of immune evasion by African trypanosomes.
Journal Reference Authors Grab DJ, Garcia-Garcia JC, Nikolskaia OV, Kim YV, Brown A, Pardo CA, Zhang Y, Becker KG, Wilson BA, de A Lima AP, Scharfstein J, Dumler JS
Title Protease activated receptor signaling is required for African trypanosome traversal of human brain microvascular endothelial cells.
Journal Reference Authors Vanhollebeke B, Pays E
Title The trypanolytic factor of human serum: many ways to enter the parasite, a single way to kill.
Journal Related ko04610 Complement and coagulation cascades
ko04620 Toll-like receptor signaling pathway
