KEGG   PATHWAY: ko05143
Entry
ko05143                     Pathway                                
Name
African trypanosomiasis
Description
Trypanosoma brucei, the parasite responsible for African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness), are spread by the tsetse fly in sub-Saharan Africa. The parasites are able to pass through the blood-brain barrier and cause neurological damage by inducing cytokines like TNF alpha, IFN gamma, and IL1. These cytokines and other metabolites such as nitric oxide and somnogenic prostaglandin D2 disturb circadian rhythms in patients with African trypanosomiasis.
Class
Human Diseases; Infectious disease: parasitic
Pathway map
ko05143  African trypanosomiasis
ko05143

Disease
H00357  African trypanosomiasis
Orthology
K14473  variant surface glycoprotein
K06856  immunoglobulin heavy chain
K10161  toll-like receptor 9
K04729  myeloid differentiation primary response protein MyD88
K14474  T-lymphocyte triggering factor
K01404  leishmanolysin [EC:3.4.24.36]
K23584  resistance-associated protein
K01392  thimet oligopeptidase [EC:3.4.24.15]
K03898  kininogen
K01354  oligopeptidase B [EC:3.4.21.83]
K12334  natriuretic peptide A
K13537  cysteine peptidase B [EC:3.4.22.-]
K14475  inhibitor of cysteine peptidase
K08757  apolipoprotein A-I
K23585  apolipoprotein L1
K14477  haptoglobin-related protein
K13822  hemoglobin subunit alpha
K13823  hemoglobin subunit beta
K14478  haptoglobin-hemoglobin receptor
K05443  interleukin 10
K05406  interleukin 12A
K05425  interleukin 12B
K05482  interleukin 18
K04687  interferon gamma
K03156  tumor necrosis factor superfamily, member 2
K04519  interleukin 1 beta
K05405  interleukin 6
K04389  tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6
K04390  tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6
K14479  procyclin
K06527  vascular cell adhesion molecule 1
K06494  selectin, endothelial cell
K06490  intercellular adhesion molecule 1
K06241  laminin, alpha 4
K00463  indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase [EC:1.13.11.52]
K04234  coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor-like 1
K04634  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha
K05858  phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C, beta [EC:3.1.4.11]
K02677  classical protein kinase C alpha type [EC:2.7.11.13]
K19662  classical protein kinase C beta type [EC:2.7.11.13]
K19663  classical protein kinase C gamma type [EC:2.7.11.13]
Compound
C00076  Calcium cation
C00078  L-Tryptophan
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00328  L-Kynurenine
C00533  Nitric oxide
C00584  Prostaglandin E2
C00696  Prostaglandin D2
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:19168735
  Authors
Antoine-Moussiaux N, Buscher P, Desmecht D
  Title
Host-parasite interactions in trypanosomiasis: on the way to an antidisease strategy.
  Journal
Infect Immun 77:1276-84 (2009)
DOI:10.1128/IAI.01185-08
Reference
PMID:12088284
  Authors
Enanga B, Burchmore RJ, Stewart ML, Barrett MP
  Title
Sleeping sickness and the brain.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 59:845-58 (2002)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-002-8472-0
Reference
PMID:16600243
  Authors
Bisser S, Ouwe-Missi-Oukem-Boyer ON, Toure FS, Taoufiq Z, Bouteille B, Buguet A, Mazier D
  Title
Harbouring in the brain: A focus on immune evasion mechanisms and their deleterious effects in malaria and human African trypanosomiasis.
  Journal
Int J Parasitol 36:529-40 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.ijpara.2006.02.001
Reference
PMID:17582444
  Authors
Masocha W, Rottenberg ME, Kristensson K
  Title
Migration of African trypanosomes across the blood-brain barrier.
  Journal
Physiol Behav 92:110-4 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.05.045
Reference
PMID:11850009
  Authors
Lonsdale-Eccles JD, Grab DJ
  Title
Trypanosome hydrolases and the blood-brain barrier.
  Journal
Trends Parasitol 18:17-9 (2002)
DOI:10.1016/S1471-4922(01)02120-1
Reference
PMID:19016378
  Authors
Grab DJ, Kennedy PG
  Title
Traversal of human and animal trypanosomes across the blood-brain barrier.
  Journal
J Neurovirol 14:344-51 (2008)
DOI:10.1080/13550280802282934
Reference
PMID:19995590
  Authors
Kristensson K, Nygard M, Bertini G, Bentivoglio M
  Title
African trypanosome infections of the nervous system: parasite entry and effects on sleep and synaptic functions.
  Journal
Prog Neurobiol 91:152-71 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2009.12.001
Reference
PMID:19559585
  Authors
Pays E, Vanhollebeke B
  Title
Human innate immunity against African trypanosomes.
  Journal
Curr Opin Immunol 21:493-8 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.coi.2009.05.024
Reference
PMID:9574925
  Authors
Donelson JE, Hill KL, El-Sayed NM
  Title
Multiple mechanisms of immune evasion by African trypanosomes.
  Journal
Mol Biochem Parasitol 91:51-66 (1998)
DOI:10.1016/S0166-6851(97)00209-0
Reference
PMID:19621073
  Authors
Grab DJ, Garcia-Garcia JC, Nikolskaia OV, Kim YV, Brown A, Pardo CA, Zhang Y, Becker KG, Wilson BA, de A Lima AP, Scharfstein J, Dumler JS
  Title
Protease activated receptor signaling is required for African trypanosome traversal of human brain microvascular endothelial cells.
  Journal
PLoS Negl Trop Dis 3:e479 (2009)
DOI:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000479
Reference
PMID:20398209
  Authors
Vanhollebeke B, Pays E
  Title
The trypanolytic factor of human serum: many ways to enter the parasite, a single way to kill.
  Journal
Mol Microbiol 76:806-14 (2010)
DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2010.07156.x
Related
pathway
ko00380  Tryptophan metabolism
ko04210  Apoptosis
ko04610  Complement and coagulation cascades
ko04620  Toll-like receptor signaling pathway
ko04710  Circadian rhythm
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