KEGG PATHWAY: acs04672

KEGG

PATHWAY: acs04672

Entry

acs04672                    Pathway

Name

Intestinal immune network for IgA production - Anolis carolinensis (green anole)

Description

The intestine is the largest lymphoid tissue in the body. One striking feature of intestinal immunity is its ability to generate great amounts of noninflammatory immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies that serve as the first line of defense against microorganisms. The basic map of IgA production includes induction of mucosal B cells in the Peyer's patches, circulation through the bloodstream and homing to intestinal mucosa of IgA-commited plasma cells, and local antibody production for export across the intestinal membranes. Multiple cytokines, including TGF-{beta}, IL-10, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-6, are required to promote IgA class switching and terminal differentiation process of the B cells. Secreted IgA promotes immune exclusion by entrapping dietary antigens and microorganisms in the mucus and functions for neutralization of toxins and pathogenic microbes.

Class

Organismal Systems; Immune system

Pathway map

Intestinal immune network for IgA production

Other DBs

GO:

Organism

Anolis carolinensis (green anole) [GN:acs]

Gene

vtcn1; V-set domain containing T cell activation inhibitor 1 [KO:K05412]

H-2 class II histocompatibility antigen, E-S beta chain [KO:K06752]

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR alpha chain [KO:K06752]

H-2 class II histocompatibility antigen, A-R alpha chain [KO:K06752]

class II histocompatibility antigen, M beta 1 chain [KO:K06752]

class II histocompatibility antigen, M alpha chain [KO:K06752]

cd28; CD28 molecule [KO:K06470]

uncharacterized LOC103280669 [KO:K10784]

T-cell receptor beta-1 chain C region [KO:K10785]

il6; interleukin 6 [KO:K05405]

il10; interleukin 10 [KO:K05443]

tgfb1; transforming growth factor beta 1 [KO:K13375]

uncharacterized LOC100562255 [KO:K05475]

tnfsf13b; tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 13b [KO:K05476]

tnfrsf13b; TNF receptor superfamily member 13B [KO:K05150]

tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 17 [KO:K05151]

Ig epsilon chain C region [KO:K06856]

putative V-set and immunoglobulin domain-containing-like protein IGHV4OR15-8 [KO:K06856]

aicda; activation induced cytidine deaminase [KO:K10989] [EC:3.5.4.38]

tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 5 [KO:K03160]

cd40lg; CD40 ligand [KO:K03161]

icoslg; inducible T-cell costimulator ligand [KO:K06710]

ccr9; C-C motif chemokine receptor 9 [KO:K04184]

itga4; integrin subunit alpha 4 [KO:K06483]

itgb7; integrin subunit beta 7 [KO:K06590]

cxcl12; C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 [KO:K10031]

cxcr4; C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 [KO:K04189]

ccr10; C-C motif chemokine receptor 10 [KO:K04185]

map3k14; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 14 [KO:K04466] [EC:2.7.11.25]

il15; interleukin 15 [KO:K05433]

il15ra; interleukin 15 receptor subunit alpha [KO:K05074]

pigr; polymeric immunoglobulin receptor [KO:K13073]

polymeric immunoglobulin receptor [KO:K13073]

Compound

Retinoate

9-cis-Retinoic acid

Reference

Authors

Fagarasan S, Honjo T

Title

Intestinal IgA synthesis: regulation of front-line body defences.

Journal

Nat Rev Immunol 3:63-72 (2003)
DOI:10.1038/nri982

Reference

Authors

Macpherson AJ, McCoy KD, Johansen FE, Brandtzaeg P

Title

The immune geography of IgA induction and function.

Journal

Mucosal Immunol 1:11-22 (2008)
DOI:10.1038/mi.2007.6

Reference

Authors

Kunisawa J, Kiyono H

Title

A marvel of mucosal T cells and secretory antibodies for the creation of first lines of defense.

Journal

Cell Mol Life Sci 62:1308-21 (2005)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-005-5035-1

Reference

Authors

Cerutti A, Rescigno M

Title

The biology of intestinal immunoglobulin A responses.

Journal

Immunity 28:740-50 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.immuni.2008.05.001

Reference

Authors

Tsuji M, Suzuki K, Kinoshita K, Fagarasan S

Title

Dynamic interactions between bacteria and immune cells leading to intestinal IgA synthesis.

Journal

Semin Immunol 20:59-66 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.smim.2007.12.003

Reference

Authors

Corthesy B

Title

Roundtrip ticket for secretory IgA: role in mucosal homeostasis?

Journal

J Immunol 178:27-32 (2007)
DOI:10.4049/jimmunol.178.1.27

Reference

Authors

Suzuki K, Fagarasan S

Title

How host-bacterial interactions lead to IgA synthesis in the gut.

Journal

Trends Immunol 29:523-31 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.it.2008.08.001

Reference

Authors

Mora JR, von Andrian UH

Title

Differentiation and homing of IgA-secreting cells.

Journal

Mucosal Immunol 1:96-109 (2008)
DOI:10.1038/mi.2007.14

Reference

Authors

Suzuki K, Ha SA, Tsuji M, Fagarasan S

Title

Intestinal IgA synthesis: a primitive form of adaptive immunity that regulates microbial communities in the gut.

Journal

Semin Immunol 19:127-35 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/j.smim.2006.10.001

Reference

Authors

Cerutti A

Title

The regulation of IgA class switching.

Journal

Nat Rev Immunol 8:421-34 (2008)
DOI:10.1038/nri2322

KO pathway

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