KEGG   PATHWAY: afor04540
Entry
afor04540                   Pathway                                
Name
Gap junction - Aptenodytes forsteri (emperor penguin)
Description
Gap junctions contain intercellular channels that allow direct communication between the cytosolic compartments of adjacent cells. Each gap junction channel is formed by docking of two 'hemichannels', each containing six connexins, contributed by each neighboring cell. These channels permit the direct transfer of small molecules including ions, amino acids, nucleotides, second messengers and other metabolites between adjacent cells. Gap junctional communication is essential for many physiological events, including embryonic development, electrical coupling, metabolic transport, apoptosis, and tissue homeostasis. Communication through Gap Junction is sensitive to a variety of stimuli, including changes in the level of intracellular Ca2+, pH, transjunctional applied voltage and phosphorylation/dephosphorylation processes. This figure represents the possible activation routes of different protein kinases involved in Cx43 and Cx36 phosphorylation.
Class
Cellular Processes; Cellular community - eukaryotes
Pathway map
afor04540  Gap junction
afor04540

Other DBs
GO: 0005921
Organism
Aptenodytes forsteri (emperor penguin) [GN:afor]
Gene
103907032  GJA1; gap junction alpha-1 protein [KO:K07372]
103908049  GJD2; gap junction delta-2 protein [KO:K07373]
103904715  LPAR1; lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 [KO:K04289]
103904152  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630]
103908267  GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(k) subunit alpha [KO:K04630]
103895232  GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630]
103904978  PDGFA; platelet-derived growth factor subunit A [KO:K04359]
103907871  PDGFB; platelet-derived growth factor subunit B [KO:K17386]
103907872  platelet-derived growth factor subunit B [KO:K17386]
103902328  PDGFC; platelet-derived growth factor C [KO:K05450]
103895107  PDGFD; platelet-derived growth factor D isoform X1 [KO:K05450]
103894243  EGF; pro-epidermal growth factor isoform X1 [KO:K04357]
103897403  PDGFRA; platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha [KO:K04363] [EC:2.7.10.1]
103904388  PDGFRB; platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta [KO:K05089] [EC:2.7.10.1]
103895453  EGFR; epidermal growth factor receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04361] [EC:2.7.10.1]
103899217  GRB2; growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 [KO:K04364]
103907689  SOS2; son of sevenless homolog 2 [KO:K03099]
103895272  SOS1; son of sevenless homolog 1 [KO:K03099]
103896209  HRAS; GTPase HRas [KO:K02833]
103898696  KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
103893660  NRAS; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
103905412  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X2 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103899919  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
103900480  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
103900168  MAPK1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
103895827  SRC; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src [KO:K05704] [EC:2.7.10.2]
103895391  MAP3K2; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04420] [EC:2.7.11.25]
103899848  MAP2K5; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 5 [KO:K04463] [EC:2.7.12.2]
103903861  MAPK7; mitogen-activated protein kinase 7 [KO:K04464] [EC:2.7.11.24]
103895366  tubulin alpha-4A chain [KO:K07374]
103903125  tubulin alpha-3 chain [KO:K07374]
103898656  TUBA8; tubulin alpha-8 chain [KO:K07374]
103906073  tubulin alpha chain [KO:K07374]
103901065  tubulin alpha-8 chain [KO:K07374]
103895364  tubulin alpha-5 chain isoform X1 [KO:K07374]
103901744  TUBAL3; tubulin alpha chain-like 3 [KO:K07374]
103893495  tubulin beta-7 chain [KO:K07375]
103893851  TUBB3; tubulin beta-3 chain [KO:K07375]
103902543  TUBB4B; tubulin beta-4B chain [KO:K07375]
103902968  TUBB6; tubulin beta-6 chain [KO:K07375]
103898820  tubulin beta-2 chain [KO:K07375]
103898821  tubulin beta-2 chain isoform X2 [KO:K07375]
103895198  TUBB1; tubulin beta-1 chain [KO:K07375]
103899005  CSNK1D; casein kinase I isoform X3 [KO:K08959] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103908178  CDK1; cyclin-dependent kinase 1 [KO:K02087] [EC:2.7.11.22 2.7.11.23]
103899804  TJP1; tight junction protein ZO-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05701]
103897906  ADRB1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: beta-1 adrenergic receptor [KO:K04141]
103904321  DRD1; D(1A) dopamine receptor [KO:K04144]
103895197  GNAS; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04632]
103894940  DRD2; D(2) dopamine receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04145]
103904001  ADCY1; adenylate cyclase type 1 [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
103898441  ADCY2; adenylate cyclase type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K08042] [EC:4.6.1.1]
103902407  ADCY3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: adenylate cyclase type 3 [KO:K08043] [EC:4.6.1.1]
103895406  ADCY5; adenylate cyclase type 5 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
103903427  ADCY6; adenylate cyclase type 6 [KO:K08046] [EC:4.6.1.1]
103896863  ADCY7; adenylate cyclase type 7 [KO:K08047] [EC:4.6.1.1]
103894564  ADCY8; adenylate cyclase type 8 [KO:K08048] [EC:4.6.1.1]
103897456  ADCY9; adenylate cyclase type 9 isoform X1 [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]
103894879  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
103903658  HTR2A; 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A [KO:K04157]
103905831  HTR2C; 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C isoform X1 [KO:K04157]
103901475  HTR2B; 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B [KO:K04157]
103901593  GRM1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 [KO:K04603]
103904765  GRM5; metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 isoform X1 [KO:K04604]
103899343  guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11 [KO:K04635]
103903946  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634]
103902618  PLCB2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
103901613  PLCB1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
103901642  PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
103902541  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 [KO:K04958]
103898700  ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 [KO:K04959]
103893713  ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 [KO:K04960]
103902452  PRKCA; protein kinase C alpha type [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
103905056  PRKCB; protein kinase C beta type [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
103902290  GUCY1A3; guanylate cyclase soluble subunit alpha-3 [KO:K12318] [EC:4.6.1.2]
103897011  GUCY1A2; guanylate cyclase soluble subunit alpha-2 [KO:K12318] [EC:4.6.1.2]
103902291  GUCY1B3; guanylate cyclase soluble subunit beta-1 [KO:K12319] [EC:4.6.1.2]
103905104  guanylate cyclase soluble subunit beta-2 [KO:K12319] [EC:4.6.1.2]
103895487  PRKG1; cGMP-dependent protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K07376] [EC:2.7.11.12]
103897069  PRKG2; cGMP-dependent protein kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K19477] [EC:2.7.11.12]
Compound
C00025  L-Glutamate
C00076  Calcium cation
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00533  Nitric oxide
C00547  L-Noradrenaline
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C00681  1-Acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
C00780  Serotonin
C00942  3',5'-Cyclic GMP
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C03758  Dopamine
Reference
PMID:14506308
  Authors
Saez JC, Berthoud VM, Branes MC, Martinez AD, Beyer EC.
  Title
Plasma membrane channels formed by connexins: their regulation and functions.
  Journal
Physiol Rev 83:1359-400 (2003)
DOI:10.1152/physrev.00007.2003
Reference
PMID:15033580
  Authors
Warn-Cramer BJ, Lau AF.
  Title
Regulation of gap junctions by tyrosine protein kinases.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1662:81-95 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbamem.2003.10.018
Reference
PMID:9535909
  Authors
Warn-Cramer BJ, Cottrell GT, Burt JM, Lau AF.
  Title
Regulation of connexin-43 gap junctional intercellular communication by mitogen-activated protein kinase.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 273:9188-96 (1998)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.273.15.9188
Reference
PMID:10751659
  Authors
Roerig B, Feller MB.
  Title
Neurotransmitters and gap junctions in developing neural circuits.
  Journal
Brain Res Brain Res Rev 32:86-114 (2000)
DOI:10.1016/S0165-0173(99)00069-7
Reference
PMID:10873290
  Authors
Hatton GI.
  Title
Synaptic modulation of neuronal coupling.
  Journal
Cell Biol Int 22:765-80 (1998)
DOI:10.1006/cbir.1998.0386
Reference
PMID:12566218
  Authors
Cruciani V, Mikalsen SO.
  Title
Connexins, gap junctional intercellular communication and kinases.
  Journal
Biol Cell 94:433-43 (2002)
DOI:10.1016/S0248-4900(02)00014-X
Reference
PMID:15094344
  Authors
Giepmans BN.
  Title
Gap junctions and connexin-interacting proteins.
  Journal
Cardiovasc Res 62:233-45 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.cardiores.2003.12.009
Reference
PMID:15955302
  Authors
Laird DW.
  Title
Connexin phosphorylation as a regulatory event linked to gap junction internalization and degradation.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1711:172-82 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbamem.2004.09.009
Reference
PMID:15033579
  Authors
Peracchia C.
  Title
Chemical gating of gap junction channels; roles of calcium, pH and calmodulin.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1662:61-80 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbamem.2003.10.020
Reference
PMID:15033578
  Authors
Bukauskas FF, Verselis VK.
  Title
Gap junction channel gating.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1662:42-60 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbamem.2004.01.008
Related
pathway
afor04010  MAPK signaling pathway
afor04020  Calcium signaling pathway
afor04060  Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction
afor04070  Phosphatidylinositol signaling system
afor04080  Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction
KO pathway
ko04540   
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