KEGG   PATHWAY: anu00260
Entry
anu00260                    Pathway                                
Name
Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism - Arvicanthis niloticus (African grass rat)
Description
Serine is derived from 3-phospho-D-glycerate, an intermediate of glycolysis [MD:M00020], and glycine is derived from serine. Threonine is an essential amino acid, which animals cannot synthesize. In bacteria and plants, threonine is derived from aspartate [MD:M00018].
Class
Metabolism; Amino acid metabolism
Pathway map
anu00260  Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism
anu00260

Module
anu_M00020  Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:anu00260]
anu_M00047  Creatine pathway [PATH:anu00260]
anu_M00338  Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:anu00260]
anu_M00555  Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:anu00260]
anu_M00621  Glycine cleavage system [PATH:anu00260]
anu_M00974  Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:anu00260]
Other DBs
GO: 0006544 0006563 0070178 0006566
Organism
Arvicanthis niloticus (African grass rat) [GN:anu]
Gene
117710992  probable low-specificity L-threonine aldolase 1 [KO:K01620] [EC:4.1.2.48]
117710463  Shmt1; serine hydroxymethyltransferase, cytosolic [KO:K00600] [EC:2.1.2.1]
117696357  Shmt2; serine hydroxymethyltransferase, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00600] [EC:2.1.2.1]
117722471  Agxt; serine--pyruvate aminotransferase [KO:K00830] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.45 2.6.1.51]
117708229  Grhpr; glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase isoform X1 [KO:K00049] [EC:1.1.1.79 1.1.1.81]
117693853  Glyctk; glycerate kinase isoform X1 [KO:K11529] [EC:2.7.1.165]
117715373  Pgam1; phosphoglycerate mutase 1 [KO:K01834] [EC:5.4.2.11]
117712501  Pgam2; phosphoglycerate mutase 2 [KO:K01834] [EC:5.4.2.11]
117720855  Bpgm; bisphosphoglycerate mutase [KO:K01837] [EC:5.4.2.4 5.4.2.11]
117707063  Phgdh; D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase [KO:K00058] [EC:1.1.1.95 1.1.1.399]
117703679  phosphoserine aminotransferase-like [KO:K00831] [EC:2.6.1.52]
117721371  Psat1; phosphoserine aminotransferase [KO:K00831] [EC:2.6.1.52]
117697759  Psph; phosphoserine phosphatase [KO:K01079] [EC:3.1.3.3]
117719388  Gcat; 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate coenzyme A ligase, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00639] [EC:2.3.1.29]
117705530  L-threonine 3-dehydrogenase, mitochondrial [KO:K15789] [EC:1.1.1.103]
117693526  Alas1; 5-aminolevulinate synthase, nonspecific, mitochondrial [KO:K00643] [EC:2.3.1.37]
117694758  Alas2; 5-aminolevulinate synthase, erythroid-specific, mitochondrial [KO:K00643] [EC:2.3.1.37]
117694748  Maoa; amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
117695517  Maob; amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
117711448  Aoc3; membrane primary amine oxidase [KO:K00276] [EC:1.4.3.21]
117712062  Aoc2; retina-specific copper amine oxidase [KO:K00276] [EC:1.4.3.21]
117719482  Gldc; glycine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating), mitochondrial [KO:K00281] [EC:1.4.4.2]
117693462  Amt; aminomethyltransferase, mitochondrial [KO:K00605] [EC:2.1.2.10]
117716972  Dld; dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, mitochondrial [KO:K00382] [EC:1.8.1.4]
117722867  Gcsh; glycine cleavage system H protein, mitochondrial [KO:K02437]
117698011  Dao; D-amino-acid oxidase [KO:K00273] [EC:1.4.3.3]
117723954  Agxt2; alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00827] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.40]
117703474  Gatm; glycine amidinotransferase, mitochondrial [KO:K00613] [EC:2.1.4.1]
117696447  Gamt; guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase [KO:K00542] [EC:2.1.1.2]
117705042  Chdh; choline dehydrogenase, mitochondrial [KO:K00108] [EC:1.1.99.1]
117719754  Aldh7a1; alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase isoform X1 [KO:K14085] [EC:1.2.1.31 1.2.1.8 1.2.1.3]
117717310  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1-like [KO:K00544] [EC:2.1.1.5]
117700497  Bhmt; betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1 [KO:K00544] [EC:2.1.1.5]
117700509  Dmgdh; dimethylglycine dehydrogenase, mitochondrial [KO:K00315] [EC:1.5.8.4]
117710853  Pipox; peroxisomal sarcosine oxidase [KO:K00306] [EC:1.5.3.1 1.5.3.7]
117704184  Sardh; sarcosine dehydrogenase, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00314] [EC:1.5.8.3]
117722363  glycine N-methyltransferase [KO:K00552] [EC:2.1.1.20]
117724422  Cbs; cystathionine beta-synthase isoform X1 [KO:K01697] [EC:4.2.1.22]
117707093  Cth; cystathionine gamma-lyase [KO:K01758] [EC:4.4.1.1]
117697915  Sds; L-serine dehydratase/L-threonine deaminase [KO:K17989] [EC:4.3.1.17 4.3.1.19]
117698162  Sdsl; serine dehydratase-like [KO:K17989] [EC:4.3.1.17 4.3.1.19]
117709850  Srr; serine racemase isoform X1 [KO:K12235] [EC:5.1.1.18]
Compound
C00011  CO2
C00014  Ammonia
C00022  Pyruvate
C00037  Glycine
C00048  Glyoxylate
C00049  L-Aspartate
C00065  L-Serine
C00078  L-Tryptophan
C00097  L-Cysteine
C00101  Tetrahydrofolate
C00109  2-Oxobutanoate
C00114  Choline
C00143  5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate
C00168  Hydroxypyruvate
C00188  L-Threonine
C00197  3-Phospho-D-glycerate
C00213  Sarcosine
C00258  D-Glycerate
C00263  L-Homoserine
C00300  Creatine
C00430  5-Aminolevulinate
C00441  L-Aspartate 4-semialdehyde
C00546  Methylglyoxal
C00576  Betaine aldehyde
C00581  Guanidinoacetate
C00631  2-Phospho-D-glycerate
C00719  Betaine
C00740  D-Serine
C00986  1,3-Diaminopropane
C01005  O-Phospho-L-serine
C01026  N,N-Dimethylglycine
C01102  O-Phospho-L-homoserine
C01242  [Protein]-S8-aminomethyldihydrolipoyllysine
C01888  Aminoacetone
C02051  Lipoylprotein
C02291  L-Cystathionine
C02737  Phosphatidylserine
C02972  Dihydrolipoylprotein
C03082  4-Phospho-L-aspartate
C03194  (R)-1-Aminopropan-2-ol
C03232  3-Phosphonooxypyruvate
C03283  L-2,4-Diaminobutanoate
C03508  L-2-Amino-3-oxobutanoic acid
C05519  L-Allothreonine
C06231  Ectoine
C06442  N(gamma)-Acetyldiaminobutyrate
C16432  5-Hydroxyectoine
C19929  N(alpha)-Acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutyrate
Reference
  Authors
Nishizuka Y, Seyama Y, Ikai A, Ishimura Y, Kawaguchi A (eds).
  Title
[Cellular Functions and Metabolic Maps] (In Japanese)
  Journal
Tokyo Kagaku Dojin (1997)
Reference
PMID:11823218
  Authors
Kuhlmann AU, Bremer E.
  Title
Osmotically regulated synthesis of the compatible solute ectoine in Bacillus pasteurii and related Bacillus spp.
  Journal
Appl Environ Microbiol 68:772-83 (2002)
DOI:10.1128/AEM.68.2.772-783.2002
Reference
PMID:10473374
  Authors
Canovas D, Borges N, Vargas C, Ventosa A, Nieto JJ, Santos H.
  Title
Role of Ngamma-acetyldiaminobutyrate as an enzyme stabilizer and an intermediate in the biosynthesis of hydroxyectoine.
  Journal
Appl Environ Microbiol 65:3774-9 (1999)
DOI:10.1128/AEM.65.9.3774-3779.1999
Reference
PMID:17636255
  Authors
Bursy J, Pierik AJ, Pica N, Bremer E.
  Title
Osmotically induced synthesis of the compatible solute hydroxyectoine is mediated by an evolutionarily conserved ectoine hydroxylase.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 282:31147-55 (2007)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M704023200
Reference
PMID:16707670
  Authors
Garcia-Estepa R, Argandona M, Reina-Bueno M, Capote N, Iglesias-Guerra F, Nieto JJ, Vargas C.
  Title
The ectD gene, which is involved in the synthesis of the compatible solute hydroxyectoine, is essential for thermoprotection of the halophilic bacterium Chromohalobacter salexigens.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 188:3774-84 (2006)
DOI:10.1128/JB.00136-06
Reference
PMID:15470257
  Authors
Arevalo-Rodriguez M, Pan X, Boeke JD, Heitman J
  Title
FKBP12 controls aspartate pathway flux in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to prevent toxic intermediate accumulation.
  Journal
Eukaryot Cell 3:1287-96 (2004)
DOI:10.1128/EC.3.5.1287-1296.2004
Reference
PMID:7639721
  Authors
Rees WD, Hay SM
  Title
The biosynthesis of threonine by mammalian cells: expression of a complete bacterial biosynthetic pathway in an animal cell.
  Journal
Biochem J 309 ( Pt 3):999-1007 (1995)
DOI:10.1042/bj3090999
Reference
PMID:11341914
  Authors
Jacques SL, Nieman C, Bareich D, Broadhead G, Kinach R, Honek JF, Wright GD
  Title
Characterization of yeast homoserine dehydrogenase, an antifungal target: the invariant histidine 309 is important for enzyme integrity.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1544:28-41 (2001)
DOI:10.1016/S0167-4838(00)00203-X
Reference
PMID:15520012
  Authors
Chen X, Jhee KH, Kruger WD
  Title
Production of the neuromodulator H2S by cystathionine beta-synthase via the condensation of cysteine and homocysteine.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 279:52082-6 (2004)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.C400481200
Related
pathway
anu00010  Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
anu00020  Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
anu00230  Purine metabolism
anu00250  Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
anu00270  Cysteine and methionine metabolism
anu00290  Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis
anu00330  Arginine and proline metabolism
anu00470  D-Amino acid metabolism
anu00564  Glycerophospholipid metabolism
anu00600  Sphingolipid metabolism
anu00620  Pyruvate metabolism
anu00630  Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism
anu00640  Propanoate metabolism
anu00860  Porphyrin metabolism
anu00920  Sulfur metabolism
KO pathway
ko00260   
LinkDB

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