KEGG   PATHWAY: mcf05144
Entry
mcf05144                    Pathway                                
Name
Malaria - Macaca fascicularis (crab-eating macaque)
Description
Plasmodium protozoa are parasites that account for malaria infection. Sporozoite forms of the parasite are injected by mosquito bites under the skin and are carried to the liver where they develop into the merozoite form.
Sporozoite invasion of hepatocytes is mediated by parasite surface protein like CSP. Subsequent infection into red blood cells (RBCs) by merozoites causes malaria disease via aberrant cytokine production and sequestration of parasite-infected red blood cells (pRBCs) to host endothelium. Microvasculature sequestration in the brain brings about cerebral malaria that can results in death or persisting neurological impairment. PfEMP1 has been suggested as the key adhesive molecule of pRBCs.
Class
Human Diseases; Infectious disease: parasitic
Pathway map
mcf05144  Malaria
mcf05144

Organism
Macaca fascicularis (crab-eating macaque) [GN:mcf]
Gene
102126789  SDC1; syndecan-1 [KO:K06257]
102145988  SDC2; syndecan-2 [KO:K16336]
102119582  LRP1; prolow-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 [KO:K04550]
102139656  CD81; CD81 antigen isoform X1 [KO:K06508]
102133907  HGF; hepatocyte growth factor isoform X1 [KO:K05460]
102123512  MET; hepatocyte growth factor receptor [KO:K05099] [EC:2.7.10.1]
102130143  ACKR1; atypical chemokine receptor 1 [KO:K06574]
102128315  GYPA; glycophorin-A isoform X1 [KO:K06575]
102142616  GYPC; glycophorin-C isoform X1 [KO:K06576]
102136846  hemoglobin subunit alpha-1/2/3 [KO:K13822]
102136192  hemoglobin subunit alpha-1/2/3 [KO:K13822]
101926697  hemoglobin subunit beta [KO:K13823]
101866832  MYD88; myeloid differentiation primary response protein MyD88 isoform X1 [KO:K04729]
102146068  TLR2; toll-like receptor 2 [KO:K10159]
102136906  TLR4; toll-like receptor 4 isoform X2 [KO:K10160]
102133450  IL10; interleukin-10 [KO:K05443]
102129546  TGFB1; transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein isoform X2 [KO:K13375]
101925182  TGFB2; transforming growth factor beta-2 proprotein isoform X1 [KO:K13376]
102119907  TGFB3; transforming growth factor beta-3 proprotein [KO:K13377]
102127272  CXCL8; interleukin-8 [KO:K10030]
102138971  IL6; interleukin-6 precursor [KO:K05405]
102135739  CCL2; C-C motif chemokine 2 [KO:K14624]
102123087  CSF3; granulocyte colony-stimulating factor isoform X3 [KO:K05423]
102119749  IL1B; interleukin-1 beta [KO:K04519]
102139631  TNF; tumor necrosis factor isoform X1 [KO:K03156]
102115316  IL12A; interleukin-12 subunit alpha [KO:K05406]
102135101  IL18; interleukin-18 isoform X1 [KO:K05482]
102139342  KLRB1; killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily B member 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06543]
102120479  NKG2-D type II integral membrane protein [KO:K06728]
102128291  IFNG; interferon gamma [KO:K04687]
101926577  CD36; platelet glycoprotein 4 [KO:K06259]
102117401  CR1; complement receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04011]
102116805  CR1L; complement component receptor 1-like protein isoform X1 [KO:K04011]
102117792  PECAM1; platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule isoform X1 [KO:K06471]
102131307  VCAM1; vascular cell adhesion protein 1 [KO:K06527]
102130245  THBS1; thrombospondin-1 [KO:K16857]
102120028  THBS3; thrombospondin-3 isoform X3 [KO:K04659]
102125342  THBS2; thrombospondin-2 [KO:K04659]
102129227  THBS4; thrombospondin-4 [KO:K04659]
101867220  cartilage oligomeric matrix protein [KO:K04659]
102143564  SELE; E-selectin [KO:K06494]
102117706  ITGAL; integrin alpha-L [KO:K05718]
101925124  ITGB2; integrin beta-2 [KO:K06464]
102138837  ICAM1; intercellular adhesion molecule 1 [KO:K06490]
102138630  CD40LG; CD40 ligand [KO:K03161]
102118696  CD40; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 5 isoform X1 [KO:K03160]
102141875  P-selectin [KO:K06496]
Compound
C00533  Nitric oxide
C00634  Chondroitin 4-sulfate
G00052  Type II B antigen
G00054  Type II A antigen
G10505  Hyaluronic acid
Reference
  Authors
Morahan BJ, Wang L, Coppel RL
  Title
No TRAP, no invasion.
  Journal
Trends Parasitol 25:77-84 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.pt.2008.11.004
Reference
PMID:8920859
  Authors
Shakibaei M, Frevert U
  Title
Dual interaction of the malaria circumsporozoite protein with the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) and heparan sulfate proteoglycans.
  Journal
J Exp Med 184:1699-711 (1996)
DOI:10.1084/jem.184.5.1699
Reference
  Authors
Silvie O, Franetich JF, Renia L, Mazier D
  Title
Malaria sporozoite: migrating for a living.
  Journal
Trends Mol Med 10:97-100; discussion 100-1 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.molmed.2004.01.004
Reference
  Authors
Mota MM, Giordano S, Rodriguez A
  Title
Targeting Plasmodium host cells: survival within hepatocytes.
  Journal
Trends Mol Med 10:487-92 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.molmed.2004.08.003
Reference
  Authors
Cowman AF, Crabb BS
  Title
The Plasmodium falciparum genome--a blueprint for erythrocyte invasion.
  Journal
Science 298:126-8 (2002)
DOI:10.1126/science.1078169
Reference
  Authors
O'Donnell RA, Blackman MJ
  Title
The role of malaria merozoite proteases in red blood cell invasion.
  Journal
Curr Opin Microbiol 8:422-7 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.mib.2005.06.018
Reference
  Authors
Iyer J, Gruner AC, Renia L, Snounou G, Preiser PR
  Title
Invasion of host cells by malaria parasites: a tale of two protein families.
  Journal
Mol Microbiol 65:231-49 (2007)
DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.05791.x
Reference
  Authors
Chitnis CE
  Title
Molecular insights into receptors used by malaria parasites for erythrocyte invasion.
  Journal
Curr Opin Hematol 8:85-91 (2001)
DOI:10.1097/00062752-200103000-00005
Reference
  Authors
Rasti N, Wahlgren M, Chen Q
  Title
Molecular aspects of malaria pathogenesis.
  Journal
FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 41:9-26 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.femsim.2004.01.010
Reference
  Authors
Clark IA, Rockett KA, Cowden WB
  Title
Proposed link between cytokines, nitric oxide and human cerebral malaria.
  Journal
Parasitol Today 7:205-7 (1991)
DOI:10.1016/0169-4758(91)90142-B
Reference
  Authors
Hisaeda H, Tetsutani K, Imai T, Moriya C, Tu L, Hamano S, Duan X, Chou B, Ishida H, Aramaki A, Shen J, Ishii KJ, Coban C, Akira S, Takeda K, Yasutomo K, Torii M, Himeno K
  Title
Malaria parasites require TLR9 signaling for immune evasion by activating regulatory T cells.
  Journal
J Immunol 180:2496-503 (2008)
DOI:10.4049/jimmunol.180.4.2496
Reference
  Authors
Chen Q, Schlichtherle M, Wahlgren M
  Title
Molecular aspects of severe malaria.
  Journal
Clin Microbiol Rev 13:439-50 (2000)
DOI:10.1128/CMR.13.3.439-450.2000
Reference
  Authors
Miller LH, Baruch DI, Marsh K, Doumbo OK
  Title
The pathogenic basis of malaria.
  Journal
Nature 415:673-9 (2002)
DOI:10.1038/415673a
Reference
  Authors
Faille D, El-Assaad F, Alessi MC, Fusai T, Combes V, Grau GE
  Title
Platelet-endothelial cell interactions in cerebral malaria: the end of a cordial understanding.
  Journal
Thromb Haemost 102:1093-102 (2009)
DOI:10.1160/TH09-05-0337
Reference
  Authors
Schofield L, Grau GE
  Title
Immunological processes in malaria pathogenesis.
  Journal
Nat Rev Immunol 5:722-35 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nri1686
Reference
  Authors
Ishino T, Yano K, Chinzei Y, Yuda M
  Title
Cell-passage activity is required for the malarial parasite to cross the liver sinusoidal cell layer.
  Journal
PLoS Biol 2:E4 (2004)
DOI:10.1371/journal.pbio.0020004
Reference
  Authors
Kariu T, Ishino T, Yano K, Chinzei Y, Yuda M
  Title
CelTOS, a novel malarial protein that mediates transmission to mosquito and vertebrate hosts.
  Journal
Mol Microbiol 59:1369-79 (2006)
DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2005.05024.x
Reference
  Authors
Cox D, McConkey S
  Title
The role of platelets in the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 67:557-68 (2010)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-009-0211-3
Related
pathway
mcf04210  Apoptosis
mcf04514  Cell adhesion molecules
mcf04610  Complement and coagulation cascades
mcf04620  Toll-like receptor signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko05144   
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