KEGG   PATHWAY: mmma00260
Entry
mmma00260                   Pathway                                
Name
Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism - Marmota marmota marmota (Alpine marmot)
Description
Serine is derived from 3-phospho-D-glycerate, an intermediate of glycolysis [MD:M00020], and glycine is derived from serine. Threonine is an essential amino acid, which animals cannot synthesize. In bacteria and plants, threonine is derived from aspartate [MD:M00018].
Class
Metabolism; Amino acid metabolism
Pathway map
mmma00260  Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism
mmma00260

Module
mmma_M00020  Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:mmma00260]
mmma_M00047  Creatine pathway [PATH:mmma00260]
mmma_M00338  Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:mmma00260]
mmma_M00555  Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:mmma00260]
mmma_M00621  Glycine cleavage system [PATH:mmma00260]
mmma_M00974  Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:mmma00260]
Other DBs
GO: 0006544 0006563 0070178 0006566
Organism
Marmota marmota marmota (Alpine marmot) [GN:mmma]
Gene
107157734  probable low-specificity L-threonine aldolase 2 [KO:K01620] [EC:4.1.2.48]
107140141  Shmt2; serine hydroxymethyltransferase, mitochondrial isoform X3 [KO:K00600] [EC:2.1.2.1]
107157192  Shmt1; serine hydroxymethyltransferase, cytosolic [KO:K00600] [EC:2.1.2.1]
107138863  Agxt; alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase isoform X1 [KO:K00830] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.45 2.6.1.51]
107147789  Grhpr; glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase isoform X1 [KO:K00049] [EC:1.1.1.79 1.1.1.81]
107143409  Glyctk; glycerate kinase isoform X1 [KO:K11529] [EC:2.7.1.165]
107149762  Pgam1; phosphoglycerate mutase 1 [KO:K01834] [EC:5.4.2.11]
107146212  Pgam2; phosphoglycerate mutase 2 [KO:K01834] [EC:5.4.2.11]
107149035  Bpgm; bisphosphoglycerate mutase [KO:K01837] [EC:5.4.2.4 5.4.2.11]
107156211  Phgdh; D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase [KO:K00058] [EC:1.1.1.95 1.1.1.399]
107148298  Psat1; phosphoserine aminotransferase [KO:K00831] [EC:2.6.1.52]
107147000  Psph; phosphoserine phosphatase isoform X1 [KO:K01079] [EC:3.1.3.3]
107139875  Gcat; 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate coenzyme A ligase, mitochondrial [KO:K00639] [EC:2.3.1.29]
107153864  L-threonine 3-dehydrogenase, mitochondrial-like [KO:K15789] [EC:1.1.1.103]
107143414  Alas1; 5-aminolevulinate synthase, non-specific, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00643] [EC:2.3.1.37]
107159879  Alas2; 5-aminolevulinate synthase, erythroid-specific, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00643] [EC:2.3.1.37]
107144315  amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
107144205  Maoa; amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
107150547  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: membrane primary amine oxidase-like [KO:K00276] [EC:1.4.3.21]
125612610  Aoc2; retina-specific copper amine oxidase [KO:K00276] [EC:1.4.3.21]
107150550  Aoc3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: membrane primary amine oxidase [KO:K00276] [EC:1.4.3.21]
107148228  Gldc; glycine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating), mitochondrial [KO:K00281] [EC:1.4.4.2]
107143481  Amt; aminomethyltransferase, mitochondrial [KO:K00605] [EC:2.1.2.10]
107144538  Dld; dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00382] [EC:1.8.1.4]
107149515  glycine cleavage system H protein, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02437]
107150875  Gcsh; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: glycine cleavage system H protein, mitochondrial [KO:K02437]
107147922  glycine cleavage system H protein, mitochondrial [KO:K02437]
107146200  glycine cleavage system H protein, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02437]
107137881  glycine cleavage system H protein, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02437]
107154620  Dao; D-amino-acid oxidase isoform X1 [KO:K00273] [EC:1.4.3.3]
107151125  Agxt2; alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K00827] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.40]
107138129  Gatm; glycine amidinotransferase, mitochondrial [KO:K00613] [EC:2.1.4.1]
107157248  Gamt; guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase isoform X6 [KO:K00542] [EC:2.1.1.2]
107149622  Chdh; choline dehydrogenase, mitochondrial [KO:K00108] [EC:1.1.99.1]
107143029  Aldh7a1; alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase [KO:K14085] [EC:1.2.1.31 1.2.1.8 1.2.1.3]
107152310  Bhmt; betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1 [KO:K00544] [EC:2.1.1.5]
107152308  Dmgdh; dimethylglycine dehydrogenase, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00315] [EC:1.5.8.4]
107155242  Pipox; peroxisomal sarcosine oxidase isoform X1 [KO:K00306] [EC:1.5.3.1 1.5.3.7]
107159138  Sardh; sarcosine dehydrogenase, mitochondrial [KO:K00314] [EC:1.5.8.3]
107143924  Gnmt; glycine N-methyltransferase [KO:K00552] [EC:2.1.1.20]
107136514  Cbs; cystathionine beta-synthase isoform X2 [KO:K01697] [EC:4.2.1.22]
107146415  Cth; cystathionine gamma-lyase [KO:K01758] [EC:4.4.1.1]
107158667  Sds; L-serine dehydratase/L-threonine deaminase [KO:K17989] [EC:4.3.1.17 4.3.1.19]
107158660  Sdsl; serine dehydratase-like [KO:K17989] [EC:4.3.1.17 4.3.1.19]
107155193  Srr; serine racemase isoform X1 [KO:K12235] [EC:5.1.1.18]
Compound
C00011  CO2
C00014  Ammonia
C00022  Pyruvate
C00037  Glycine
C00048  Glyoxylate
C00049  L-Aspartate
C00065  L-Serine
C00078  L-Tryptophan
C00097  L-Cysteine
C00101  Tetrahydrofolate
C00109  2-Oxobutanoate
C00114  Choline
C00143  5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate
C00168  Hydroxypyruvate
C00188  L-Threonine
C00197  3-Phospho-D-glycerate
C00213  Sarcosine
C00258  D-Glycerate
C00263  L-Homoserine
C00300  Creatine
C00430  5-Aminolevulinate
C00441  L-Aspartate 4-semialdehyde
C00546  Methylglyoxal
C00576  Betaine aldehyde
C00581  Guanidinoacetate
C00631  2-Phospho-D-glycerate
C00719  Betaine
C00740  D-Serine
C00986  1,3-Diaminopropane
C01005  O-Phospho-L-serine
C01026  N,N-Dimethylglycine
C01102  O-Phospho-L-homoserine
C01242  [Protein]-S8-aminomethyldihydrolipoyllysine
C01888  Aminoacetone
C02051  Lipoylprotein
C02291  L-Cystathionine
C02737  Phosphatidylserine
C02972  Dihydrolipoylprotein
C03082  4-Phospho-L-aspartate
C03194  (R)-1-Aminopropan-2-ol
C03232  3-Phosphonooxypyruvate
C03283  L-2,4-Diaminobutanoate
C03508  L-2-Amino-3-oxobutanoic acid
C05519  L-Allothreonine
C06231  Ectoine
C06442  N(gamma)-Acetyldiaminobutyrate
C16432  5-Hydroxyectoine
C19929  N(alpha)-Acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutyrate
Reference
  Authors
Nishizuka Y, Seyama Y, Ikai A, Ishimura Y, Kawaguchi A (eds).
  Title
[Cellular Functions and Metabolic Maps] (In Japanese)
  Journal
Tokyo Kagaku Dojin (1997)
Reference
PMID:11823218
  Authors
Kuhlmann AU, Bremer E.
  Title
Osmotically regulated synthesis of the compatible solute ectoine in Bacillus pasteurii and related Bacillus spp.
  Journal
Appl Environ Microbiol 68:772-83 (2002)
DOI:10.1128/AEM.68.2.772-783.2002
Reference
PMID:10473374
  Authors
Canovas D, Borges N, Vargas C, Ventosa A, Nieto JJ, Santos H.
  Title
Role of Ngamma-acetyldiaminobutyrate as an enzyme stabilizer and an intermediate in the biosynthesis of hydroxyectoine.
  Journal
Appl Environ Microbiol 65:3774-9 (1999)
DOI:10.1128/AEM.65.9.3774-3779.1999
Reference
PMID:17636255
  Authors
Bursy J, Pierik AJ, Pica N, Bremer E.
  Title
Osmotically induced synthesis of the compatible solute hydroxyectoine is mediated by an evolutionarily conserved ectoine hydroxylase.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 282:31147-55 (2007)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M704023200
Reference
PMID:16707670
  Authors
Garcia-Estepa R, Argandona M, Reina-Bueno M, Capote N, Iglesias-Guerra F, Nieto JJ, Vargas C.
  Title
The ectD gene, which is involved in the synthesis of the compatible solute hydroxyectoine, is essential for thermoprotection of the halophilic bacterium Chromohalobacter salexigens.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 188:3774-84 (2006)
DOI:10.1128/JB.00136-06
Reference
PMID:15470257
  Authors
Arevalo-Rodriguez M, Pan X, Boeke JD, Heitman J
  Title
FKBP12 controls aspartate pathway flux in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to prevent toxic intermediate accumulation.
  Journal
Eukaryot Cell 3:1287-96 (2004)
DOI:10.1128/EC.3.5.1287-1296.2004
Reference
PMID:7639721
  Authors
Rees WD, Hay SM
  Title
The biosynthesis of threonine by mammalian cells: expression of a complete bacterial biosynthetic pathway in an animal cell.
  Journal
Biochem J 309 ( Pt 3):999-1007 (1995)
DOI:10.1042/bj3090999
Reference
PMID:11341914
  Authors
Jacques SL, Nieman C, Bareich D, Broadhead G, Kinach R, Honek JF, Wright GD
  Title
Characterization of yeast homoserine dehydrogenase, an antifungal target: the invariant histidine 309 is important for enzyme integrity.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1544:28-41 (2001)
DOI:10.1016/S0167-4838(00)00203-X
Reference
PMID:15520012
  Authors
Chen X, Jhee KH, Kruger WD
  Title
Production of the neuromodulator H2S by cystathionine beta-synthase via the condensation of cysteine and homocysteine.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 279:52082-6 (2004)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.C400481200
Related
pathway
mmma00010  Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
mmma00020  Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
mmma00230  Purine metabolism
mmma00250  Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
mmma00270  Cysteine and methionine metabolism
mmma00290  Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis
mmma00330  Arginine and proline metabolism
mmma00470  D-Amino acid metabolism
mmma00564  Glycerophospholipid metabolism
mmma00600  Sphingolipid metabolism
mmma00620  Pyruvate metabolism
mmma00630  Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism
mmma00640  Propanoate metabolism
mmma00860  Porphyrin metabolism
mmma00920  Sulfur metabolism
KO pathway
ko00260   
LinkDB

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