KEGG PATHWAY: palf00270

PATHWAY: palf00270

Entry

palf00270                   Pathway

Name

Cysteine and methionine metabolism - Pantoea alfalfae

Description

Cysteine and methionine are sulfur-containing amino acids. Cysteine is synthesized from serine through different pathways in different organism groups. In bacteria and plants, cysteine is converted from serine (via acetylserine) by transfer of hydrogen sulfide [MD:M00021]. In animals, methionine-derived homocysteine is used as sulfur source and its condensation product with serine (cystathionine) is converted to cysteine [MD:M00338]. Cysteine is metabolized to pyruvate in multiple routes. Methionine is an essential amino acid, which animals cannot synthesize. In bacteria and plants, methionine is synthesized from aspartate [MD:M00017]. S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM), synthesized from methionine and ATP, is a methyl group donor in many important transfer reactions including DNA methylation for regulation of gene expression. SAM may also be used to regenerate methionine in the methionine salvage pathway [MD:M00034].

Class

Metabolism; Amino acid metabolism

Pathway map

palf00270

Cysteine and methionine metabolism

Module

palf_M00017

Methionine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => methionine [PATH:palf00270]

palf_M00021

Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:palf00270]

palf_M00034

Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:palf00270]

Other DBs

GO:	0006534 0006555

Organism

Pantoea alfalfae [GN:palf]

Gene

K6R05_00720

cysE; serine O-acetyltransferase [KO:K00640] [EC:2.3.1.30]

K6R05_05515

cysK; cysteine synthase A [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]

K6R05_14260

PLP-dependent cysteine synthase family protein [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]

K6R05_03245

metC; cystathionine beta-lyase [KO:K01760] [EC:4.4.1.13]

K6R05_08035

PatB family C-S lyase [KO:K14155] [EC:4.4.1.13]

K6R05_04810

mmuM; homocysteine S-methyltransferase [KO:K00547] [EC:2.1.1.10]

K6R05_17490

metH; methionine synthase [KO:K00548] [EC:2.1.1.13]

K6R05_17810

metE; 5-methyltetrahydropteroyltriglutamate--homocysteine S-methyltransferase [KO:K00549] [EC:2.1.1.14]

K6R05_19480

methionine synthase [KO:K00549] [EC:2.1.1.14]

K6R05_03645

metK; methionine adenosyltransferase [KO:K00789] [EC:2.5.1.6]

K6R05_15355

speD; adenosylmethionine decarboxylase [KO:K01611] [EC:4.1.1.50]

K6R05_15350

speE; polyamine aminopropyltransferase [KO:K00797] [EC:2.5.1.16]

K6R05_11955

autoinducer synthase [KO:K13061] [EC:2.3.1.184]

K6R05_19455

acyl homoserine lactone synthase [KO:K22956] [EC:2.3.1.184]

K6R05_15215

mtnN; 5'-methylthioadenosine/S-adenosylhomocysteine nucleosidase [KO:K01243] [EC:3.2.2.9]

K6R05_14835

mtnK; S-methyl-5-thioribose kinase [KO:K00899] [EC:2.7.1.100]

K6R05_02990

polyphenol oxidase family protein [KO:K05810] [EC:2.4.2.1 2.4.2.28 3.5.4.4]

K6R05_04690

pgeF; polyphenol oxidase [KO:K05810] [EC:2.4.2.1 2.4.2.28 3.5.4.4]

K6R05_14840

mtnA; S-methyl-5-thioribose-1-phosphate isomerase [KO:K08963] [EC:5.3.1.23]

K6R05_14855

methylthioribulose 1-phosphate dehydratase [KO:K08964] [EC:4.2.1.109]

K6R05_14850

mtnC; acireductone synthase [KO:K09880] [EC:3.1.3.77]

K6R05_14845

acireductone dioxygenase [KO:K08967] [EC:1.13.11.53 1.13.11.54]

K6R05_17330

aspartate/tyrosine/aromatic aminotransferase [KO:K00832] [EC:2.6.1.57]

K6R05_21345

aminotransferase class I/II-fold pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzyme [KO:K08969] [EC:2.6.1.117]

K6R05_15335

cystathionine gamma-synthase family protein [KO:K01761] [EC:4.4.1.11]

K6R05_08295

GAF domain-containing protein [KO:K08968] [EC:1.8.4.14]

K6R05_07510

dcm; DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase [KO:K00558] [EC:2.1.1.37]

K6R05_04375

luxS; S-ribosylhomocysteine lyase [KO:K07173] [EC:4.4.1.21]

K6R05_17460

lysC; lysine-sensitive aspartokinase 3 [KO:K00928] [EC:2.7.2.4]

K6R05_15855

thrA; bifunctional aspartate kinase/homoserine dehydrogenase I [KO:K12524] [EC:2.7.2.4 1.1.1.3]

K6R05_00870

bifunctional aspartate kinase/homoserine dehydrogenase II [KO:K12525] [EC:2.7.2.4 1.1.1.3]

K6R05_01645

asd; aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase [KO:K00133] [EC:1.2.1.11]

K6R05_17515

metA; homoserine O-succinyltransferase [KO:K00651] [EC:2.3.1.46 2.3.1.31]

K6R05_00865

metB; cystathionine gamma-synthase [KO:K01739] [EC:2.5.1.48]

K6R05_01025

branched-chain amino acid transaminase [KO:K00826] [EC:2.6.1.42]

K6R05_04370

gshA; glutamate--cysteine ligase [KO:K01919] [EC:6.3.2.2]

K6R05_03610

gshB; glutathione synthase [KO:K01920] [EC:6.3.2.3]

K6R05_12470

aspartate/tyrosine/aromatic aminotransferase [KO:K00813] [EC:2.6.1.1]

K6R05_05105

sseA; 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase [KO:K01011] [EC:2.8.1.1 2.8.1.2]

K6R05_18810

aspartate/glutamate racemase family protein [KO:K25316] [EC:5.1.1.10]

K6R05_07825

D-cysteine desulfhydrase [KO:K05396] [EC:4.4.1.15]

K6R05_02545

mdh; malate dehydrogenase [KO:K00024] [EC:1.1.1.37]

K6R05_08385

L-serine ammonia-lyase [KO:K01752] [EC:4.3.1.17]

K6R05_09865

pyridoxal-phosphate dependent enzyme [KO:K17989] [EC:4.3.1.17 4.3.1.19]

K6R05_05485

cysM; cysteine synthase CysM [KO:K12339] [EC:2.5.1.144]

K6R05_03715

serA; phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase [KO:K00058] [EC:1.1.1.95 1.1.1.399]

K6R05_19460

hydroxyacid dehydrogenase [KO:K00058] [EC:1.1.1.95 1.1.1.399]

K6R05_12570

serC; 3-phosphoserine/phosphohydroxythreonine transaminase [KO:K00831] [EC:2.6.1.52]

Compound

C00019

S-Adenosyl-L-methionine

C00021

S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine

C00022

Pyruvate

C00041

L-Alanine

C00049

L-Aspartate

C00051

Glutathione

C00059

Sulfate

C00065

L-Serine

C00073

L-Methionine

C00094

Sulfite

C00097

L-Cysteine

C00109

2-Oxobutanoate

C00155

L-Homocysteine

C00170

5'-Methylthioadenosine

C00197

3-Phospho-D-glycerate

C00263

L-Homoserine

C00283

Hydrogen sulfide

C00409

Methanethiol

C00441

L-Aspartate 4-semialdehyde

C00491

L-Cystine

C00506

L-Cysteate

C00606

3-Sulfino-L-alanine

C00793

D-Cysteine

C00957

Mercaptopyruvate

C00979

O-Acetyl-L-serine

C01005

O-Phospho-L-serine

C01077

O-Acetyl-L-homoserine

C01118

O-Succinyl-L-homoserine

C01137

S-Adenosylmethioninamine

C01180

4-Methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid

C01234

1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate

C01817

L-Homocystine

C01962

Thiocysteine

C02218

Dehydroalanine

C02291

L-Cystathionine

C02356

(S)-2-Aminobutanoate

C02989

L-Methionine S-oxide

C03082

4-Phospho-L-aspartate

C03089

5-Methylthio-D-ribose

C03145

N-Formylmethionine

C03232

3-Phosphonooxypyruvate

C03431

S-Inosyl-L-homocysteine

C03539

S-Ribosyl-L-homocysteine

C04188

S-Methyl-5-thio-D-ribose 1-phosphate

C04582

S-Methyl-5-thio-D-ribulose 1-phosphate

C05324

Nicotianamine

C05524

Aminoacyl-L-methionine

C05526

S-Glutathionyl-L-cysteine

C05527

3-Sulfinylpyruvate

C05528

3-Sulfopyruvate

C05823

3-Mercaptolactate

C05824

S-Sulfo-L-cysteine

C06547

Ethylene

C08276

3-(Methylthio)propanoate

C09306

Sulfur dioxide

C11437

1-Deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate

C11481

HSO3-

C11499

(S)-3-Sulfolactate

C11537

(2R)-3-Sulfolactate

C15606

1,2-Dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one

C15650

2,3-Diketo-5-methylthiopentyl-1-phosphate

C15651

2-Hydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate

C18049

N-Acyl-L-homoserine lactone

C19787

5'-S-Methyl-5'-thioinosine

C21015

gamma-L-Glutamyl-L-2-aminobutyrate

C21016

Ophthalmate

C22359

S-Methyl-1-thio-D-xylulose 5-phosphate

Reference

PMID:15102328

Authors

Sekowska A, Denervaud V, Ashida H, Michoud K, Haas D, Yokota A, Danchin A

Title

Bacterial variations on the methionine salvage pathway.

Journal

BMC Microbiol 4:9 (2004)
DOI:10.1186/1471-2180-4-9

Reference

PMID:14551435

Authors

Ashida H, Saito Y, Kojima C, Kobayashi K, Ogasawara N, Yokota A.

Title

A functional link between RuBisCO-like protein of Bacillus and photosynthetic RuBisCO.

Journal

Science 302:286-90 (2003)
DOI:10.1126/science.1086997

Reference

PMID:12022921

Authors

Sekowska A, Danchin A.

Title

The methionine salvage pathway in Bacillus subtilis.

Journal

BMC Microbiol 2:8 (2002)
DOI:10.1186/1471-2180-2-8

Reference

PMID:12670965

Authors

Berger BJ, English S, Chan G, Knodel MH.

Title

Methionine regeneration and aminotransferases in Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus anthracis.

Journal

J Bacteriol 185:2418-31 (2003)
DOI:10.1128/JB.185.8.2418-2431.2003

Reference

PMID:17169919

Authors

Goyer A, Collakova E, Shachar-Hill Y, Hanson AD

Title

Functional characterization of a methionine gamma-lyase in Arabidopsis and its implication in an alternative to the reverse trans-sulfuration pathway.

Journal

Plant Cell Physiol 48:232-42 (2007)
DOI:10.1093/pcp/pcl055

Reference

PMID:17030798

Authors

Rebeille F, Jabrin S, Bligny R, Loizeau K, Gambonnet B, Van Wilder V, Douce R, Ravanel S

Title

Methionine catabolism in Arabidopsis cells is initiated by a gamma-cleavage process and leads to S-methylcysteine and isoleucine syntheses.

Journal

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103:15687-92 (2006)
DOI:10.1073/pnas.0606195103

Reference

PMID:18625006

Authors

Pirkov I, Norbeck J, Gustafsson L, Albers E

Title

A complete inventory of all enzymes in the eukaryotic methionine salvage pathway.

Journal

FEBS J 275:4111-20 (2008)
DOI:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06552.x

Reference

PMID:18391471

Authors

Ashida H, Saito Y, Kojima C, Yokota A

Title

Enzymatic characterization of 5-methylthioribulose-1-phosphate dehydratase of the methionine salvage pathway in Bacillus subtilis.

Journal

Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 72:959-67 (2008)
DOI:10.1271/bbb.70651

Reference

PMID:10613873

Authors

Kitabatake M, So MW, Tumbula DL, Soll D

Title

Cysteine biosynthesis pathway in the archaeon Methanosarcina barkeri encoded by acquired bacterial genes?

Journal

J Bacteriol 182:143-5 (2000)
DOI:10.1128/JB.182.1.143-145.2000

Reference

PMID:12644499

Authors

Mino K, Ishikawa K

Title

Characterization of a novel thermostable O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase from Aeropyrum pernix K1.

Journal

J Bacteriol 185:2277-84 (2003)
DOI:10.1128/JB.185.7.2277-2284.2003

Reference

PMID:18520135

Authors

Tanabe S

Title

Development of assay methods for endogenous inorganic sulfur compounds and sulfurtransferases and evaluation of the physiological functions of bound sulfur.

Journal

Yakugaku Zasshi 128:881-900 (2008)
DOI:10.1248/yakushi.128.881

Reference

Authors

Nishizuka Y, Seyama Y, Ikai A, Ishimura Y, Kawaguchi A (eds).

Title

[Cellular Functions and Metabolic Maps] (In Japanese)

Journal

Tokyo Kagaku Dojin (1997)

Reference

PMID:19270684

Authors