KEGG   PATHWAY: ppam04727
Entry
ppam04727                   Pathway                                
Name
GABAergic synapse - Pteronotus mesoamericanus (Parnell's mustached bat)
Description
Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). When released in the synaptic cleft, GABA binds to three major classes of receptors: GABAA, GABAB, and GABAC receptors. GABAA and GABAC receptors are ionotropic and mediate fast GABA responses by triggering chloride channel openings, while GABAB receptors are metabotropic and mediate slower GABA responses by activating G-proteins and influencing second messenger systems. GABAA receptors, the major sites for fast inhibitory neurotransmission in the CNS, are regulated by phosphorylation mechanisms, affecting both their functional properties and their cell surface mobility and trafficking. GABA release by the presynaptic terminal is negatively regulated by GABAB autoreceptors, and is cleared from the extracellular space by GABA transporters (GATs) located either on the presynaptic terminal or neighboring glial cells.
Class
Organismal Systems; Nervous system
Pathway map
ppam04727  GABAergic synapse
ppam04727

Other DBs
GO: 0051932
Organism
Pteronotus mesoamericanus (Parnell's mustached bat) [GN:ppam]
Gene
129084901  SLC38A1; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid symporter 1 isoform X1 [KO:K14990]
129084899  SLC38A2; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid symporter 2 isoform X1 [KO:K14207]
129075783  GLS2; glutaminase liver isoform, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K01425] [EC:3.5.1.2]
129065468  GLS; glutaminase kidney isoform, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K01425] [EC:3.5.1.2]
129061852  GAD1; glutamate decarboxylase 1 [KO:K01580] [EC:4.1.1.15]
129086016  GAD2; glutamate decarboxylase 2 [KO:K01580] [EC:4.1.1.15]
129070456  SLC32A1; vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter [KO:K15015]
129083297  ABAT; 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrial [KO:K13524] [EC:2.6.1.19 2.6.1.22]
129073203  4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrial-like [KO:K13524] [EC:2.6.1.19 2.6.1.22]
129077402  GABRA3; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3 [KO:K05175]
129077610  GABRA2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2 [KO:K05175]
129077718  GABRA4; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4 isoform X1 [KO:K05175]
129066354  GABRA6; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6 [KO:K05175]
129066501  GABRA1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05175]
129061293  GABRA5; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5 [KO:K05175]
129077611  GABRB1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05181]
129066502  GABRB2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05181]
129061292  GABRB3; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3 [KO:K05181]
129077609  GABRG1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05186]
129066500  GABRG2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05186]
129061266  GABRG3; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3 [KO:K05186]
129078643  GABRD; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta [KO:K05184]
129077428  GABRE; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon [KO:K05185]
129077400  GABRQ; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta [KO:K05192]
129066485  GABRP; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi [KO:K05189]
129061554  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
129065641  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
129070719  SRC; proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src isoform X1 [KO:K05704] [EC:2.7.10.2]
129070225  PRKCA; protein kinase C alpha type [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
129076731  PRKCB; protein kinase C beta type isoform X1 [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
129081586  PRKCG; protein kinase C gamma type isoform X1 [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
129086958  HAP1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: huntingtin-associated protein 1 [KO:K04647]
129075184  GABARAPL2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 2 [KO:K08341]
129085023  GABARAPL1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 1 [KO:K08341]
129072324  GABARAP; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein [KO:K08341]
129071576  NSF; vesicle-fusing ATPase isoform X1 [KO:K06027] [EC:3.6.4.6]
129080426  TRAK2; trafficking kinesin-binding protein 2 [KO:K15374]
129080445  PLCL1; inactive phospholipase C-like protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K15375]
129065954  GPHN; gephyrin isoform X1 [KO:K15376] [EC:2.10.1.1 2.7.7.75]
129070435  SLC12A5; solute carrier family 12 member 5 isoform X1 [KO:K23967]
129073605  GABRR3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-3 [KO:K05190]
129067625  gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05190]
129067627  gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-1 [KO:K05190]
129062544  CACNA1A; voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A isoform X1 [KO:K04344]
129079505  CACNA1B; voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B [KO:K04849]
129073529  CACNA1C; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C [KO:K04850]
129088299  CACNA1D; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X1 [KO:K04851]
129065030  CACNA1F; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F [KO:K04853]
129072943  CACNA1S; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S [KO:K04857]
129079399  GABBR2; gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2 [KO:K04615]
129067269  GABBR1; gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04615]
129063302  GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630]
129063882  GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-3 [KO:K04630]
129087786  GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630]
129068222  GNAO1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04534]
129079133  GNB1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 [KO:K04536]
129083812  GNB2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 [KO:K04537]
129071446  GNB3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K07825]
129076697  GNB4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 [KO:K04538]
129063670  GNB5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5 [KO:K04539]
129066038  GNG2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 [KO:K07826]
129068639  GNG3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3 [KO:K04540]
129072091  GNG4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 [KO:K04541]
129069849  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542]
129077188  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5-like [KO:K04542]
129084020  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542]
129071162  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542]
129084761  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542]
129065166  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5-like [KO:K04542]
129085896  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5-like [KO:K04542]
129066388  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5-like [KO:K04542]
129066389  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5-like [KO:K04542]
129074288  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5-like [KO:K04542]
129077794  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7-like [KO:K04543]
129081344  GNG7; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7 [KO:K04543]
129082769  GNG8; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-8 [KO:K04544]
129079351  GNG10; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10 [KO:K04545]
129063518  GNG11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11 [KO:K04546]
129062534  GNG14; putative guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-14 [KO:K04347]
129071314  GNG12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12 [KO:K04347]
129083348  GNG13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-13 [KO:K04547]
129062953  GNGT1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1 [KO:K04548]
129080121  GNGT2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 [KO:K04549]
129068928  ADCY1; adenylate cyclase type 1 [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
129074539  ADCY2; adenylate cyclase type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K08042] [EC:4.6.1.1]
129067273  ADCY3; adenylate cyclase type 3 [KO:K08043] [EC:4.6.1.1]
129074168  ADCY4; adenylate cyclase type 4 [KO:K08044] [EC:4.6.1.1]
129071827  ADCY5; adenylate cyclase type 5 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
129084881  ADCY6; adenylate cyclase type 6 [KO:K08046] [EC:4.6.1.1]
129068161  ADCY7; adenylate cyclase type 7 [KO:K08047] [EC:4.6.1.1]
129084082  ADCY8; adenylate cyclase type 8 [KO:K08048] [EC:4.6.1.1]
129083643  ADCY9; adenylate cyclase type 9 [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]
129074534  KCNJ6; G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 2 [KO:K05000]
129088501  SLC6A1; sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 1 [KO:K05034]
129073422  SLC6A13; sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05046]
129088507  SLC6A11; sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 3 [KO:K05044]
129073510  SLC6A12; sodium- and chloride-dependent betaine transporter isoform X1 [KO:K05045]
129081587  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: glutamine synthetase-like [KO:K01915] [EC:6.3.1.2]
129081991  GLUL; glutamine synthetase [KO:K01915] [EC:6.3.1.2]
129064100  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: glutamine synthetase-like [KO:K01915] [EC:6.3.1.2]
129067665  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: glutamine synthetase-like [KO:K01915] [EC:6.3.1.2]
129087810  SLC38A3; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 3 [KO:K13576]
129065131  SLC38A5; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 5 [KO:K14992]
Compound
C00025  L-Glutamate
C00026  2-Oxoglutarate
C00042  Succinate
C00064  L-Glutamine
C00076  Calcium cation
C00238  Potassium cation
C00334  4-Aminobutanoate
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C00698  Cl-
Reference
  Authors
Davis KL, Charney D, Coyle JT, Nemeroff C (ed).
  Title
Neuropsychopharmacology: The fifth generation of progress
  Journal
Lippincott Williams & Wikins (2002)
DOI:10.1002/hup.431
Reference
PMID:17499109
  Authors
Farrant M, Kaila K
  Title
The cellular, molecular and ionic basis of GABA(A) receptor signalling.
  Journal
Prog Brain Res 160:59-87 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/S0079-6123(06)60005-8
Reference
PMID:9364667
  Authors
Ben-Ari Y, Khazipov R, Leinekugel X, Caillard O, Gaiarsa JL
  Title
GABAA, NMDA and AMPA receptors: a developmentally regulated 'menage a trois'.
  Journal
Trends Neurosci 20:523-9 (1997)
DOI:10.1016/S0166-2236(97)01147-8
Reference
PMID:20655485
  Authors
Pinard A, Seddik R, Bettler B
  Title
GABAB receptors: physiological functions and mechanisms of diversity.
  Journal
Adv Pharmacol 58:231-55 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/S1054-3589(10)58010-4
Reference
PMID:21376567
  Authors
Chalifoux JR, Carter AG
  Title
GABAB receptor modulation of synaptic function.
  Journal
Curr Opin Neurobiol 21:339-44 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.conb.2011.02.004
Reference
PMID:20655481
  Authors
Padgett CL, Slesinger PA
  Title
GABAB receptor coupling to G-proteins and ion channels.
  Journal
Adv Pharmacol 58:123-47 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/S1054-3589(10)58006-2
Reference
PMID:17499108
  Authors
Emson PC
  Title
GABA(B) receptors: structure and function.
  Journal
Prog Brain Res 160:43-57 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/S0079-6123(06)60004-6
Reference
PMID:16932937
  Authors
Kornau HC
  Title
GABA(B) receptors and synaptic modulation.
  Journal
Cell Tissue Res 326:517-33 (2006)
DOI:10.1007/s00441-006-0264-7
Reference
PMID:18382465
  Authors
Jacob TC, Moss SJ, Jurd R
  Title
GABA(A) receptor trafficking and its role in the dynamic modulation of neuronal inhibition.
  Journal
Nat Rev Neurosci 9:331-43 (2008)
DOI:10.1038/nrn2370
Reference
PMID:12086709
  Authors
Kneussel M
  Title
Dynamic regulation of GABA(A) receptors at synaptic sites.
  Journal
Brain Res Brain Res Rev 39:74-83 (2002)
DOI:10.1016/S0165-0173(02)00159-5
Reference
PMID:21555068
  Authors
Luscher B, Fuchs T, Kilpatrick CL
  Title
GABAA receptor trafficking-mediated plasticity of inhibitory synapses.
  Journal
Neuron 70:385-409 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.neuron.2011.03.024
Reference
PMID:19374920
  Authors
Arancibia-Carcamo IL, Kittler JT
  Title
Regulation of GABA(A) receptor membrane trafficking and synaptic localization.
  Journal
Pharmacol Ther 123:17-31 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2009.03.012
Reference
PMID:16787421
  Authors
Bak LK, Schousboe A, Waagepetersen HS
  Title
The glutamate/GABA-glutamine cycle: aspects of transport, neurotransmitter homeostasis and ammonia transfer.
  Journal
J Neurochem 98:641-53 (2006)
DOI:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.03913.x
Reference
PMID:15210304
  Authors
Conti F, Minelli A, Melone M
  Title
GABA transporters in the mammalian cerebral cortex: localization, development and pathological implications.
  Journal
Brain Res Brain Res Rev 45:196-212 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2004.03.003
Reference
PMID:12888801
  Authors
Brambilla P, Perez J, Barale F, Schettini G, Soares JC
  Title
GABAergic dysfunction in mood disorders.
  Journal
Mol Psychiatry 8:721-37, 715 (2003)
DOI:10.1038/sj.mp.4001362
Reference
PMID:10780899
  Authors
Chebib M, Johnston GA
  Title
GABA-Activated ligand gated ion channels: medicinal chemistry and molecular biology.
  Journal
J Med Chem 43:1427-47 (2000)
DOI:10.1021/jm9904349
Related
pathway
ppam00020  Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
ppam00250  Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
ppam04144  Endocytosis
ppam04721  Synaptic vesicle cycle
KO pathway
ko04727   
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