KEGG   PATHWAY: tpra00270
Entry
tpra00270                   Pathway                                
Name
Cysteine and methionine metabolism - Trifolium pratense (red clover)
Description
Cysteine and methionine are sulfur-containing amino acids. Cysteine is synthesized from serine through different pathways in different organism groups. In bacteria and plants, cysteine is converted from serine (via acetylserine) by transfer of hydrogen sulfide [MD:M00021]. In animals, methionine-derived homocysteine is used as sulfur source and its condensation product with serine (cystathionine) is converted to cysteine [MD:M00338]. Cysteine is metabolized to pyruvate in multiple routes. Methionine is an essential amino acid, which animals cannot synthesize. In bacteria and plants, methionine is synthesized from aspartate [MD:M00017]. S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM), synthesized from methionine and ATP, is a methyl group donor in many important transfer reactions including DNA methylation for regulation of gene expression. SAM may also be used to regenerate methionine in the methionine salvage pathway [MD:M00034].
Class
Metabolism; Amino acid metabolism
Pathway map
tpra00270  Cysteine and methionine metabolism
tpra00270

Module
tpra_M00021  Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:tpra00270]
tpra_M00034  Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:tpra00270]
tpra_M00368  Ethylene biosynthesis, methionine => ethylene [PATH:tpra00270]
Other DBs
GO: 0006534 0006555
Organism
Trifolium pratense (red clover) [GN:tpra]
Gene
123884667  serine acetyltransferase 5 [KO:K00640] [EC:2.3.1.30]
123885731  serine acetyltransferase 1, chloroplastic-like [KO:K00640] [EC:2.3.1.30]
123923594  serine acetyltransferase 1, chloroplastic-like [KO:K00640] [EC:2.3.1.30]
123912941  serine acetyltransferase 1, chloroplastic-like [KO:K00640] [EC:2.3.1.30]
123905638  serine acetyltransferase 2-like [KO:K00640] [EC:2.3.1.30]
123883295  cysteine synthase-like [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
123907864  cysteine synthase [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
123921261  cysteine synthase 2 [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
123893897  cysteine synthase-like isoform X1 [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
123924263  cysteine synthase-like [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
123924264  cysteine synthase-like [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
123903087  cysteine synthase [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
123903088  cysteine synthase-like [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
123903089  cysteine synthase-like isoform X1 [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
123903090  cysteine synthase-like [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
123888212  bifunctional L-3-cyanoalanine synthase/cysteine synthase 1, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K13034] [EC:2.5.1.47 4.4.1.9]
123923198  L-3-cyanoalanine synthase 2, mitochondrial-like isoform X1 [KO:K13034] [EC:2.5.1.47 4.4.1.9]
123907142  cystathionine beta-lyase, chloroplastic [KO:K01760] [EC:4.4.1.13]
123907717  homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1 [KO:K00547] [EC:2.1.1.10]
123892702  selenocysteine methyltransferase-like [KO:K00547] [EC:2.1.1.10]
123902309  homocysteine S-methyltransferase 3-like [KO:K00547] [EC:2.1.1.10]
123890120  5-methyltetrahydropteroyltriglutamate-- homocysteine methyltransferase 1 [KO:K00549] [EC:2.1.1.14]
123883388  5-methyltetrahydropteroyltriglutamate-- homocysteine methyltransferase 1-like [KO:K00549] [EC:2.1.1.14]
123909968  5-methyltetrahydropteroyltriglutamate-- homocysteine methyltransferase 1 [KO:K00549] [EC:2.1.1.14]
123891065  S-adenosylmethionine synthase [KO:K00789] [EC:2.5.1.6]
123883704  S-adenosylmethionine synthase [KO:K00789] [EC:2.5.1.6]
123907210  S-adenosylmethionine synthase [KO:K00789] [EC:2.5.1.6]
123892880  S-adenosylmethionine synthase 3 [KO:K00789] [EC:2.5.1.6]
123922313  S-adenosylmethionine synthase 3 [KO:K00789] [EC:2.5.1.6]
123889181  S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase proenzyme-like [KO:K01611] [EC:4.1.1.50]
123921890  S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase proenzyme 4-like [KO:K01611] [EC:4.1.1.50]
123924446  S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase proenzyme-like [KO:K01611] [EC:4.1.1.50]
123911627  S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase proenzyme [KO:K01611] [EC:4.1.1.50]
123898545  S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase proenzyme 4 [KO:K01611] [EC:4.1.1.50]
123920363  spermidine synthase 2 [KO:K00797] [EC:2.5.1.16]
123907744  spermidine synthase 1 [KO:K00797] [EC:2.5.1.16]
123909286  spermine synthase-like isoform X1 [KO:K00797] [EC:2.5.1.16]
123922591  spermine synthase-like [KO:K00797] [EC:2.5.1.16]
123904529  spermidine synthase 2-like [KO:K00797] [EC:2.5.1.16]
123904575  spermidine synthase 2-like [KO:K00797] [EC:2.5.1.16]
123905404  spermidine synthase 2-like [KO:K00797] [EC:2.5.1.16]
123890199  nicotianamine synthase-like [KO:K05953] [EC:2.5.1.43]
123890973  nicotianamine synthase-like [KO:K05953] [EC:2.5.1.43]
123885093  nicotianamine synthase-like [KO:K05953] [EC:2.5.1.43]
123898269  nicotianamine synthase-like [KO:K05953] [EC:2.5.1.43]
123899330  5'-methylthioadenosine nucleosidase-like [KO:K01244] [EC:3.2.2.16]
123902793  methylthioribose kinase-like [KO:K00899] [EC:2.7.1.100]
123902797  methylthioribose kinase-like [KO:K00899] [EC:2.7.1.100]
123902800  methylthioribose kinase-like [KO:K00899] [EC:2.7.1.100]
123902803  methylthioribose kinase-like [KO:K00899] [EC:2.7.1.100]
123884069  methylthioribose-1-phosphate isomerase [KO:K08963] [EC:5.3.1.23]
123895152  probable bifunctional methylthioribulose-1-phosphate dehydratase/enolase-phosphatase E1 [KO:K16054] [EC:4.2.1.109 3.1.3.77]
123922546  1,2-dihydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentene dioxygenase 2-like [KO:K08967] [EC:1.13.11.53 1.13.11.54]
123914283  1,2-dihydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentene dioxygenase 1 [KO:K08967] [EC:1.13.11.53 1.13.11.54]
123895823  probable N-succinyldiaminopimelate aminotransferase DapC [KO:K23977] [EC:2.6.1.117]
123896869  methionine aminotransferase-like [KO:K23977] [EC:2.6.1.117]
123896870  methionine aminotransferase-like [KO:K23977] [EC:2.6.1.117]
123895297  probable aminotransferase TAT2 [KO:K00815] [EC:2.6.1.5]
123921592  aromatic aminotransferase ISS1 [KO:K00837] [EC:2.6.1.-]
123921596  aromatic aminotransferase ISS1-like isoform X1 [KO:K00837] [EC:2.6.1.-]
123922172  methionine gamma-lyase-like [KO:K01761] [EC:4.4.1.11]
123909499  methionine gamma-lyase-like [KO:K01761] [EC:4.4.1.11]
123911127  methionine gamma-lyase-like [KO:K01761] [EC:4.4.1.11]
123911140  methionine gamma-lyase-like [KO:K01761] [EC:4.4.1.11]
123881503  DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase CMT2 isoform X1 [KO:K00558] [EC:2.1.1.37]
123907714  DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1-like [KO:K00558] [EC:2.1.1.37]
123908492  DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1-like [KO:K00558] [EC:2.1.1.37]
123912902  DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K00558] [EC:2.1.1.37]
123914374  DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase CMT3-like [KO:K00558] [EC:2.1.1.37]
123915582  DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase CMT3-like isoform X1 [KO:K00558] [EC:2.1.1.37]
123902304  DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1-like [KO:K00558] [EC:2.1.1.37]
123905634  DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase CMT3-like isoform X1 [KO:K00558] [EC:2.1.1.37]
123918412  putative DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase CMT1 isoform X1 [KO:K00558] [EC:2.1.1.37]
123890923  PWWP domain-containing protein 1-like [KO:K17398] [EC:2.1.1.37]
123914217  adenosylhomocysteinase-like [KO:K01251] [EC:3.13.2.1]
123905426  adenosylhomocysteinase [KO:K01251] [EC:3.13.2.1]
123889793  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 2-like [KO:K20772] [EC:4.4.1.14]
123889803  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 2-like [KO:K20772] [EC:4.4.1.14]
123885146  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 1-like [KO:K20772] [EC:4.4.1.14]
123909867  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase-like [KO:K20772] [EC:4.4.1.14]
123915726  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase [KO:K20772] [EC:4.4.1.14]
123884007  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 7 [KO:K01762] [EC:4.4.1.14]
123921016  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 3 [KO:K01762] [EC:4.4.1.14]
123908533  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 3-like [KO:K01762] [EC:4.4.1.14]
123895764  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 3-like [KO:K01762] [EC:4.4.1.14]
123915560  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 7-like [KO:K01762] [EC:4.4.1.14]
123887527  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase 1 [KO:K05933] [EC:1.14.17.4]
123906919  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase 5 [KO:K05933] [EC:1.14.17.4]
123921329  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase-like [KO:K05933] [EC:1.14.17.4]
123921420  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase-like [KO:K05933] [EC:1.14.17.4]
123908132  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase [KO:K05933] [EC:1.14.17.4]
123908213  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase-like [KO:K05933] [EC:1.14.17.4]
123898211  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase [KO:K05933] [EC:1.14.17.4]
123888159  aspartokinase 1, chloroplastic-like [KO:K00928] [EC:2.7.2.4]
123907371  aspartokinase 2, chloroplastic-like isoform X1 [KO:K00928] [EC:2.7.2.4]
123914225  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: bifunctional aspartokinase/homoserine dehydrogenase 1, chloroplastic-like [KO:K12524] [EC:2.7.2.4 1.1.1.3]
123905207  bifunctional aspartokinase/homoserine dehydrogenase 2, chloroplastic-like isoform X1 [KO:K12524] [EC:2.7.2.4 1.1.1.3]
123918418  aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase [KO:K00133] [EC:1.2.1.11]
123888706  cystathionine gamma-synthase 1, chloroplastic-like isoform X1 [KO:K01739] [EC:2.5.1.48]
123905714  cystathionine gamma-synthase 1, chloroplastic-like [KO:K01739] [EC:2.5.1.48]
123908051  branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase 2, chloroplastic-like [KO:K00826] [EC:2.6.1.42]
123894257  branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase 2, chloroplastic-like [KO:K00826] [EC:2.6.1.42]
123918101  branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase 6-like [KO:K00826] [EC:2.6.1.42]
123918106  branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase 2, chloroplastic-like [KO:K00826] [EC:2.6.1.42]
123889704  alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2 homolog 3, mitochondrial-like [KO:K00827] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.40]
123888961  alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2 homolog 3, mitochondrial-like [KO:K00827] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.40]
123913899  alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2 homolog 1, mitochondrial-like [KO:K00827] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.40]
123915767  alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2 homolog 2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K00827] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.40]
123908346  glutamate--cysteine ligase, chloroplastic-like [KO:K01919] [EC:6.3.2.2]
123915953  glutamate--cysteine ligase, chloroplastic [KO:K01919] [EC:6.3.2.2]
123890877  glutathione synthetase, chloroplastic-like [KO:K21456] [EC:6.3.2.3]
123890880  glutathione synthetase, chloroplastic-like [KO:K21456] [EC:6.3.2.3]
123899378  aspartate aminotransferase 1 [KO:K14454] [EC:2.6.1.1]
123905767  aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial [KO:K14455] [EC:2.6.1.1]
123915562  aspartate aminotransferase P2, mitochondrial [KO:K00811] [EC:2.6.1.1]
123893928  thiosulfate/3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase 2 [KO:K01011] [EC:2.8.1.1 2.8.1.2]
123884611  L-lactate dehydrogenase A-like [KO:K00016] [EC:1.1.1.27]
123908927  L-lactate dehydrogenase B-like [KO:K00016] [EC:1.1.1.27]
123910865  D-cysteine desulfhydrase 2, mitochondrial [KO:K05396] [EC:4.4.1.15]
123913546  putative D-cysteine desulfhydrase 1, mitochondrial [KO:K05396] [EC:4.4.1.15]
123891005  probable L-cysteine desulfhydrase, chloroplastic [KO:K22207] [EC:4.4.1.28]
123886010  probable L-cysteine desulfhydrase, chloroplastic [KO:K22207] [EC:4.4.1.28]
123902167  L-cysteine desulfhydrase [KO:K22207] [EC:4.4.1.28]
123884259  malate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmic-like isoform X1 [KO:K00025] [EC:1.1.1.37]
123895777  malate dehydrogenase [KO:K00025] [EC:1.1.1.37]
123903023  malate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmic [KO:K00025] [EC:1.1.1.37]
123884257  malate dehydrogenase, chloroplastic [KO:K00026] [EC:1.1.1.37]
123908701  malate dehydrogenase, glyoxysomal-like [KO:K00026] [EC:1.1.1.37]
123909054  malate dehydrogenase, glyoxysomal-like [KO:K00026] [EC:1.1.1.37]
123895313  malate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial-like [KO:K00026] [EC:1.1.1.37]
123918093  malate dehydrogenase 2, peroxisomal [KO:K00026] [EC:1.1.1.37]
123891629  S-sulfo-L-cysteine synthase (O-acetyl-L-serine-dependent), chloroplastic-like [KO:K22846] [EC:2.5.1.144]
123920746  S-sulfo-L-cysteine synthase (O-acetyl-L-serine-dependent), chloroplastic-like isoform X1 [KO:K22846] [EC:2.5.1.144]
123882143  D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase 2, chloroplastic-like [KO:K00058] [EC:1.1.1.95 1.1.1.399]
123902771  D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase 1, chloroplastic [KO:K00058] [EC:1.1.1.95 1.1.1.399]
123882447  phosphoserine aminotransferase 2, chloroplastic-like [KO:K00831] [EC:2.6.1.52]
123905640  phosphoserine aminotransferase 2, chloroplastic-like [KO:K00831] [EC:2.6.1.52]
Compound
C00019  S-Adenosyl-L-methionine
C00021  S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine
C00022  Pyruvate
C00041  L-Alanine
C00049  L-Aspartate
C00051  Glutathione
C00059  Sulfate
C00065  L-Serine
C00073  L-Methionine
C00094  Sulfite
C00097  L-Cysteine
C00109  2-Oxobutanoate
C00155  L-Homocysteine
C00170  5'-Methylthioadenosine
C00197  3-Phospho-D-glycerate
C00263  L-Homoserine
C00283  Hydrogen sulfide
C00409  Methanethiol
C00441  L-Aspartate 4-semialdehyde
C00491  L-Cystine
C00506  L-Cysteate
C00606  3-Sulfino-L-alanine
C00793  D-Cysteine
C00957  Mercaptopyruvate
C00979  O-Acetyl-L-serine
C01005  O-Phospho-L-serine
C01077  O-Acetyl-L-homoserine
C01118  O-Succinyl-L-homoserine
C01137  S-Adenosylmethioninamine
C01180  4-Methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid
C01234  1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate
C01817  L-Homocystine
C01962  Thiocysteine
C02218  Dehydroalanine
C02291  L-Cystathionine
C02356  (S)-2-Aminobutanoate
C02989  L-Methionine S-oxide
C03082  4-Phospho-L-aspartate
C03089  5-Methylthio-D-ribose
C03145  N-Formylmethionine
C03232  3-Phosphonooxypyruvate
C03431  S-Inosyl-L-homocysteine
C03539  S-Ribosyl-L-homocysteine
C04188  S-Methyl-5-thio-D-ribose 1-phosphate
C04582  S-Methyl-5-thio-D-ribulose 1-phosphate
C05324  Nicotianamine
C05524  Aminoacyl-L-methionine
C05526  S-Glutathionyl-L-cysteine
C05527  3-Sulfinylpyruvate
C05528  3-Sulfopyruvate
C05823  3-Mercaptolactate
C05824  S-Sulfo-L-cysteine
C06547  Ethylene
C08276  3-(Methylthio)propanoate
C09306  Sulfur dioxide
C11437  1-Deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate
C11481  HSO3-
C11499  (S)-3-Sulfolactate
C11537  (2R)-3-Sulfolactate
C15606  1,2-Dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one
C15650  2,3-Diketo-5-methylthiopentyl-1-phosphate
C15651  2-Hydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate
C18049  N-Acyl-L-homoserine lactone
C19787  5'-S-Methyl-5'-thioinosine
C21015  gamma-L-Glutamyl-L-2-aminobutyrate
C21016  Ophthalmate
C22359  S-Methyl-1-thio-D-xylulose 5-phosphate
Reference
PMID:15102328
  Authors
Sekowska A, Denervaud V, Ashida H, Michoud K, Haas D, Yokota A, Danchin A
  Title
Bacterial variations on the methionine salvage pathway.
  Journal
BMC Microbiol 4:9 (2004)
DOI:10.1186/1471-2180-4-9
Reference
PMID:14551435
  Authors
Ashida H, Saito Y, Kojima C, Kobayashi K, Ogasawara N, Yokota A.
  Title
A functional link between RuBisCO-like protein of Bacillus and photosynthetic RuBisCO.
  Journal
Science 302:286-90 (2003)
DOI:10.1126/science.1086997
Reference
PMID:12022921
  Authors
Sekowska A, Danchin A.
  Title
The methionine salvage pathway in Bacillus subtilis.
  Journal
BMC Microbiol 2:8 (2002)
DOI:10.1186/1471-2180-2-8
Reference
PMID:12670965
  Authors
Berger BJ, English S, Chan G, Knodel MH.
  Title
Methionine regeneration and aminotransferases in Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus anthracis.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 185:2418-31 (2003)
DOI:10.1128/JB.185.8.2418-2431.2003
Reference
PMID:17169919
  Authors
Goyer A, Collakova E, Shachar-Hill Y, Hanson AD
  Title
Functional characterization of a methionine gamma-lyase in Arabidopsis and its implication in an alternative to the reverse trans-sulfuration pathway.
  Journal
Plant Cell Physiol 48:232-42 (2007)
DOI:10.1093/pcp/pcl055
Reference
PMID:17030798
  Authors
Rebeille F, Jabrin S, Bligny R, Loizeau K, Gambonnet B, Van Wilder V, Douce R, Ravanel S
  Title
Methionine catabolism in Arabidopsis cells is initiated by a gamma-cleavage process and leads to S-methylcysteine and isoleucine syntheses.
  Journal
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103:15687-92 (2006)
DOI:10.1073/pnas.0606195103
Reference
PMID:18625006
  Authors
Pirkov I, Norbeck J, Gustafsson L, Albers E
  Title
A complete inventory of all enzymes in the eukaryotic methionine salvage pathway.
  Journal
FEBS J 275:4111-20 (2008)
DOI:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06552.x
Reference
PMID:18391471
  Authors
Ashida H, Saito Y, Kojima C, Yokota A
  Title
Enzymatic characterization of 5-methylthioribulose-1-phosphate dehydratase of the methionine salvage pathway in Bacillus subtilis.
  Journal
Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 72:959-67 (2008)
DOI:10.1271/bbb.70651
Reference
PMID:10613873
  Authors
Kitabatake M, So MW, Tumbula DL, Soll D
  Title
Cysteine biosynthesis pathway in the archaeon Methanosarcina barkeri encoded by acquired bacterial genes?
  Journal
J Bacteriol 182:143-5 (2000)
DOI:10.1128/JB.182.1.143-145.2000
Reference
PMID:12644499
  Authors
Mino K, Ishikawa K
  Title
Characterization of a novel thermostable O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase from Aeropyrum pernix K1.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 185:2277-84 (2003)
DOI:10.1128/JB.185.7.2277-2284.2003
Reference
PMID:18520135
  Authors
Tanabe S
  Title
Development of assay methods for endogenous inorganic sulfur compounds and sulfurtransferases and evaluation of the physiological functions of bound sulfur.
  Journal
Yakugaku Zasshi 128:881-900 (2008)
DOI:10.1248/yakushi.128.881
Reference
  Authors
Nishizuka Y, Seyama Y, Ikai A, Ishimura Y, Kawaguchi A (eds).
  Title
[Cellular Functions and Metabolic Maps] (In Japanese)
  Journal
Tokyo Kagaku Dojin (1997)
Reference
PMID:19270684
  Authors
Gutierrez JA, Crowder T, Rinaldo-Matthis A, Ho MC, Almo SC, Schramm VL
  Title
Transition state analogs of 5'-methylthioadenosine nucleosidase disrupt quorum sensing.
  Journal
Nat Chem Biol 5:251-7 (2009)
DOI:10.1038/nchembio.153
Related
pathway
tpra00010  Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
tpra00250  Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
tpra00260  Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism
tpra00290  Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis
tpra00430  Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism
tpra00480  Glutathione metabolism
tpra00620  Pyruvate metabolism
tpra00640  Propanoate metabolism
tpra00770  Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis
tpra00900  Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
tpra00920  Sulfur metabolism
KO pathway
ko00270   
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