KEGG   PATHWAY: pviv05144
Entry
pviv05144                   Pathway                                
Name
Malaria - Prionailurus viverrinus (fishing cat)
Description
Plasmodium protozoa are parasites that account for malaria infection. Sporozoite forms of the parasite are injected by mosquito bites under the skin and are carried to the liver where they develop into the merozoite form.
Sporozoite invasion of hepatocytes is mediated by parasite surface protein like CSP. Subsequent infection into red blood cells (RBCs) by merozoites causes malaria disease via aberrant cytokine production and sequestration of parasite-infected red blood cells (pRBCs) to host endothelium. Microvasculature sequestration in the brain brings about cerebral malaria that can results in death or persisting neurological impairment. PfEMP1 has been suggested as the key adhesive molecule of pRBCs.
Class
Human Diseases; Infectious disease: parasitic
Pathway map
pviv05144  Malaria
pviv05144

Disease
H00361  Malaria
Organism
Prionailurus viverrinus (fishing cat) [GN:pviv]
Gene
125146946  [KO:K13823]
125147157  [KO:K13823]
125150189  ICAM1; intercellular adhesion molecule 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06490]
125150458  TLR4; toll-like receptor 4 isoform X1 [KO:K10160]
125151195  PECAM1; platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule isoform X1 [KO:K06471]
125151584  [KO:K14624]
125152182  IL6; interleukin-6 isoform X1 [KO:K05405]
125152868  TGFB1; transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein isoform X1 [KO:K13375]
125153914  HBA1; hemoglobin subunit alpha [KO:K13822]
125154132  ITGAL; integrin alpha-L isoform X1 [KO:K05718]
125154772  [KO:K13822]
125155381  SELE; E-selectin [KO:K06494]
125155404  SELP; P-selectin isoform X1 [KO:K06496]
125155525  TGFB2; transforming growth factor beta-2 proprotein isoform X1 [KO:K13376]
125155647  THBS3; thrombospondin-3 [KO:K04659]
125155666  IL10; interleukin-10 isoform X1 [KO:K05443]
125155671  CR1L; complement component receptor 1-like protein isoform X1 [KO:K04011]
125155789  ACKR1; atypical chemokine receptor 1 [KO:K06574]
125156315  SDC2; syndecan-2 [KO:K16336]
125156766  COMP; cartilage oligomeric matrix protein [KO:K04659]
125156928  CD40LG; CD40 ligand [KO:K03161]
125158446  CSF3; granulocyte colony-stimulating factor [KO:K05423]
125159095  ITGB2; integrin beta-2 [KO:K06464]
125160701  CD36; platelet glycoprotein 4 [KO:K06259]
125160752  TLR9; toll-like receptor 9 [KO:K10161]
125160764  MET; hepatocyte growth factor receptor isoform X1 [KO:K05099] [EC:2.7.10.1]
125160804  HGF; hepatocyte growth factor isoform X1 [KO:K05460]
125161911  CD40; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 5 isoform X1 [KO:K03160]
125161994  SDC1; syndecan-1 [KO:K06257]
125162335  IL1B; interleukin-1 beta [KO:K04519]
125163304  CXCL8; interleukin-8 [KO:K10030]
125163954  TLR2; toll-like receptor 2 [KO:K10159]
125164557  GYPA; glycophorin-A isoform X1 [KO:K06575]
125165327  TNF; tumor necrosis factor [KO:K03156]
125166172  THBS2; thrombospondin-2 [KO:K04659]
125168227  THBS1; thrombospondin-1 [KO:K16857]
125168683  TGFB3; transforming growth factor beta-3 proprotein isoform X1 [KO:K13377]
125169446  KLRB1; killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily B member 1 [KO:K06543]
125169810  [KO:K23459]
125170497  IFNG; interferon gamma [KO:K04687]
125171062  LRP1; prolow-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04550]
125171329  KLRK1; NKG2-D type II integral membrane protein [KO:K06728]
125172711  VCAM1; vascular cell adhesion protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06527]
125172932  GYPC; glycophorin-C [KO:K06576]
125173513  THBS4; thrombospondin-4 [KO:K04659]
125174804  MYD88; myeloid differentiation primary response protein MyD88 [KO:K04729]
125175189  IL12A; interleukin-12 subunit alpha [KO:K05406]
125176286  IL18; interleukin-18 [KO:K05482]
125176428  CD81; CD81 antigen [KO:K06508]
Compound
C00533  Nitric oxide
C00634  Chondroitin 4-sulfate
G00052  Type II B antigen
G00054  Type II A antigen
G10505  Hyaluronic acid
Reference
  Authors
Morahan BJ, Wang L, Coppel RL
  Title
No TRAP, no invasion.
  Journal
Trends Parasitol 25:77-84 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.pt.2008.11.004
Reference
PMID:8920859
  Authors
Shakibaei M, Frevert U
  Title
Dual interaction of the malaria circumsporozoite protein with the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) and heparan sulfate proteoglycans.
  Journal
J Exp Med 184:1699-711 (1996)
DOI:10.1084/jem.184.5.1699
Reference
  Authors
Silvie O, Franetich JF, Renia L, Mazier D
  Title
Malaria sporozoite: migrating for a living.
  Journal
Trends Mol Med 10:97-100; discussion 100-1 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.molmed.2004.01.004
Reference
  Authors
Mota MM, Giordano S, Rodriguez A
  Title
Targeting Plasmodium host cells: survival within hepatocytes.
  Journal
Trends Mol Med 10:487-92 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.molmed.2004.08.003
Reference
  Authors
Cowman AF, Crabb BS
  Title
The Plasmodium falciparum genome--a blueprint for erythrocyte invasion.
  Journal
Science 298:126-8 (2002)
DOI:10.1126/science.1078169
Reference
  Authors
O'Donnell RA, Blackman MJ
  Title
The role of malaria merozoite proteases in red blood cell invasion.
  Journal
Curr Opin Microbiol 8:422-7 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.mib.2005.06.018
Reference
  Authors
Iyer J, Gruner AC, Renia L, Snounou G, Preiser PR
  Title
Invasion of host cells by malaria parasites: a tale of two protein families.
  Journal
Mol Microbiol 65:231-49 (2007)
DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.05791.x
Reference
  Authors
Chitnis CE
  Title
Molecular insights into receptors used by malaria parasites for erythrocyte invasion.
  Journal
Curr Opin Hematol 8:85-91 (2001)
DOI:10.1097/00062752-200103000-00005
Reference
  Authors
Rasti N, Wahlgren M, Chen Q
  Title
Molecular aspects of malaria pathogenesis.
  Journal
FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 41:9-26 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.femsim.2004.01.010
Reference
  Authors
Clark IA, Rockett KA, Cowden WB
  Title
Proposed link between cytokines, nitric oxide and human cerebral malaria.
  Journal
Parasitol Today 7:205-7 (1991)
DOI:10.1016/0169-4758(91)90142-B
Reference
  Authors
Hisaeda H, Tetsutani K, Imai T, Moriya C, Tu L, Hamano S, Duan X, Chou B, Ishida H, Aramaki A, Shen J, Ishii KJ, Coban C, Akira S, Takeda K, Yasutomo K, Torii M, Himeno K
  Title
Malaria parasites require TLR9 signaling for immune evasion by activating regulatory T cells.
  Journal
J Immunol 180:2496-503 (2008)
DOI:10.4049/jimmunol.180.4.2496
Reference
  Authors
Chen Q, Schlichtherle M, Wahlgren M
  Title
Molecular aspects of severe malaria.
  Journal
Clin Microbiol Rev 13:439-50 (2000)
DOI:10.1128/CMR.13.3.439-450.2000
Reference
  Authors
Miller LH, Baruch DI, Marsh K, Doumbo OK
  Title
The pathogenic basis of malaria.
  Journal
Nature 415:673-9 (2002)
DOI:10.1038/415673a
Reference
  Authors
Faille D, El-Assaad F, Alessi MC, Fusai T, Combes V, Grau GE
  Title
Platelet-endothelial cell interactions in cerebral malaria: the end of a cordial understanding.
  Journal
Thromb Haemost 102:1093-102 (2009)
DOI:10.1160/TH09-05-0337
Reference
  Authors
Schofield L, Grau GE
  Title
Immunological processes in malaria pathogenesis.
  Journal
Nat Rev Immunol 5:722-35 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nri1686
Reference
  Authors
Ishino T, Yano K, Chinzei Y, Yuda M
  Title
Cell-passage activity is required for the malarial parasite to cross the liver sinusoidal cell layer.
  Journal
PLoS Biol 2:E4 (2004)
DOI:10.1371/journal.pbio.0020004
Reference
  Authors
Kariu T, Ishino T, Yano K, Chinzei Y, Yuda M
  Title
CelTOS, a novel malarial protein that mediates transmission to mosquito and vertebrate hosts.
  Journal
Mol Microbiol 59:1369-79 (2006)
DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2005.05024.x
Reference
  Authors
Cox D, McConkey S
  Title
The role of platelets in the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 67:557-68 (2010)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-009-0211-3
Related
pathway
pviv04210  Apoptosis
pviv04514  Cell adhesion molecules
pviv04610  Complement and coagulation cascades
pviv04620  Toll-like receptor signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko05144   

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