KEGG   PATHWAY: ray04730
Entry
ray04730                    Pathway                                
Name
Long-term depression - Rousettus aegyptiacus (Egyptian rousette)
Description
Cerebellar long-term depression (LTD), thought to be a molecular and cellular basis for cerebellar learning, is a process involving a decrease in the synaptic strength between parallel fiber (PF) and Purkinje cells (PCs) induced by the conjunctive activation of PFs and climbing fiber (CF). Multiple signal transduction pathways have been shown to be involved in this process. Activation of PFs terminating on spines in dendritic branchlets leads to glutamate release and activation of both AMPA and mGluRs. Activation of CFs, which make multiple synaptic contacts on proximal dendrites, also via AMPA receptors, opens voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) and causes a generalized influx of calcium. These cellular signals, generated from two different synaptic origins, trigger a cascade of events culminating in a phosphorylation-dependent, long-term reduction in AMPA receptor sensitivity at the PF-PC synapse. This may take place either through receptor internalization and/or through receptor desensitization.
Class
Organismal Systems; Nervous system
Pathway map
ray04730  Long-term depression
ray04730

Other DBs
GO: 0048169
Organism
Rousettus aegyptiacus (Egyptian rousette) [GN:ray]
Gene
107497081  PLCB3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
107497427  ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04959]
107497434  KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
107497830  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
107499654  GNAO1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha isoform X2 [KO:K04534]
107499847  NRAS; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
107500067  [KO:K04632]
107500068  [KO:K04632]
107500417  PPP2R1A; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65 kDa regulatory subunit A alpha isoform [KO:K03456]
107500686  GNAZ; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(z) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04535]
107500716  LYN; tyrosine-protein kinase Lyn isoform X1 [KO:K05854] [EC:2.7.10.2]
107501166  IGF1; insulin-like growth factor I isoform X1 [KO:K05459]
107503061  PRKCG; protein kinase C gamma type isoform X2 [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
107504052  BRAF; serine/threonine-protein kinase B-raf isoform X2 [KO:K04365] [EC:2.7.11.1]
107504134  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
107505766  GRIA3; glutamate receptor 3 isoform X3 [KO:K05199]
107505807  PPP2CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
107505849  GRID2; glutamate receptor ionotropic, delta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05207]
107506114  PLCB1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
107506800  PPP2CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
107507127  HRAS; GTPase HRas isoform X1 [KO:K02833]
107507549  GUCY1A1; guanylate cyclase soluble subunit alpha-1 [KO:K12318] [EC:4.6.1.2]
107507550  GUCY1B1; guanylate cyclase soluble subunit beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K12319] [EC:4.6.1.2]
107507556  GRIA2; glutamate receptor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05198]
107508097  GUCY1A2; guanylate cyclase soluble subunit alpha-2 [KO:K12318] [EC:4.6.1.2]
107508175  CRHR1; corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04578]
107508942  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
107509347  IGF1R; insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor isoform X1 [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
107509353  ARAF; serine/threonine-protein kinase A-Raf isoform X1 [KO:K08845] [EC:2.7.11.1]
107509998  [KO:K12319] [EC:4.6.1.2]
107510298  GNA13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-13 [KO:K04639]
107510307  PRKCA; protein kinase C alpha type isoform X1 [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
107510634  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
107510914  PLA2G4E; cytosolic phospholipase A2 epsilon [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
107510922  PLA2G4B; cytosolic phospholipase A2 beta isoform X4 [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
107510924  PLA2G4F; cytosolic phospholipase A2 zeta isoform X2 [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
107510925  PLA2G4D; cytosolic phospholipase A2 delta [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
107511965  ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04960]
107513162  NOS1; nitric oxide synthase, brain [KO:K13240] [EC:1.14.13.39]
107513376  GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630]
107514464  PLCB2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
107514807  CRH; corticoliberin [KO:K05256]
107515478  PRKG1; cGMP-dependent protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K07376] [EC:2.7.11.12]
107515836  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
107516091  PRKCB; protein kinase C beta type isoform X1 [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
107516134  GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha [KO:K04630]
107516479  PRKG2; cGMP-dependent protein kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K19477] [EC:2.7.11.12]
107517194  GNAQ; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634]
107518173  GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630]
107518525  PPP1R17; protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 17 [KO:K08067]
107518526  GRM1; metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04603]
107519399  CACNA1A; voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A isoform X1 [KO:K04344]
107519729  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
107519930  PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
107520124  GNA11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11 [KO:K04635]
107520956  RYR1; ryanodine receptor 1 isoform X2 [KO:K04961]
107521184  PPP2R1B; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65 kDa regulatory subunit A beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K03456]
107521430  GNA12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-12 isoform X1 [KO:K04346]
107521615  PLA2G4A; cytosolic phospholipase A2 [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
107521882  GRIA1; glutamate receptor 1 isoform X2 [KO:K05197]
Compound
C00025  L-Glutamate
C00076  Calcium cation
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00219  Arachidonate
C00533  Nitric oxide
C00641  1,2-Diacyl-sn-glycerol
C00942  3',5'-Cyclic GMP
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C01330  Sodium cation
Reference
PMID:12415297
  Authors
Ito M.
  Title
The molecular organization of cerebellar long-term depression.
  Journal
Nat Rev Neurosci 3:896-902 (2002)
DOI:10.1038/nrn962
Reference
PMID:11427694
  Authors
Ito M.
  Title
Cerebellar long-term depression: characterization, signal transduction, and functional roles.
  Journal
Physiol Rev 81:1143-95 (2001)
DOI:10.1152/physrev.2001.81.3.1143
Reference
  Authors
Purves D, Augustine GJ (ed).
  Title
Neuroscience
  Journal
Sunderland, Mass.:Sinauer Associates (2004)
Reference
PMID:9735948
  Authors
Daniel H, Levenes C, Crepel F.
  Title
Cellular mechanisms of cerebellar LTD.
  Journal
Trends Neurosci 21:401-7 (1998)
DOI:10.1016/S0166-2236(98)01304-6
Reference
PMID:9602501
  Authors
Levenes C, Daniel H, Crepel F.
  Title
Long-term depression of synaptic transmission in the cerebellum: cellular and molecular mechanisms revisited.
  Journal
Prog Neurobiol 55:79-91 (1998)
DOI:10.1016/S0301-0082(97)00096-8
Reference
PMID:14509570
  Authors
Metzger F, Kapfhammer JP.
  Title
Protein kinase C: its role in activity-dependent Purkinje cell dendritic development and plasticity.
  Journal
Cerebellum 2:206-14 (2003)
DOI:10.1080/14734220310016150
Related
pathway
ray04020  Calcium signaling pathway
ray04724  Glutamatergic synapse
KO pathway
ko04730   

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