KEGG   PATHWAY: sara00260
Entry
sara00260                   Pathway                                
Name
Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism - Sorex araneus (European shrew)
Description
Serine is derived from 3-phospho-D-glycerate, an intermediate of glycolysis [MD:M00020], and glycine is derived from serine. Threonine is an essential amino acid, which animals cannot synthesize. In bacteria and plants, threonine is derived from aspartate [MD:M00018].
Class
Metabolism; Amino acid metabolism
Pathway map
sara00260  Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism
sara00260

Module
sara_M00020  Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:sara00260]
sara_M00047  Creatine pathway [PATH:sara00260]
sara_M00338  Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:sara00260]
sara_M00555  Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:sara00260]
sara_M00621  Glycine cleavage system [PATH:sara00260]
sara_M00974  Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:sara00260]
Other DBs
GO: 0006544 0006563 0070178 0006566
Organism
Sorex araneus (European shrew) [GN:sara]
Gene
101536991  DLD; dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00382] [EC:1.8.1.4]
101537910  CTH; cystathionine gamma-lyase [KO:K01758] [EC:4.4.1.1]
101539005  SHMT1; serine hydroxymethyltransferase, cytosolic isoform X1 [KO:K00600] [EC:2.1.2.1]
101539449  GAMT; guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase [KO:K00542] [EC:2.1.1.2]
101540681  PHGDH; D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase [KO:K00058] [EC:1.1.1.95 1.1.1.399]
101540926  DMGDH; dimethylglycine dehydrogenase, mitochondrial [KO:K00315] [EC:1.5.8.4]
101541158  SRR; serine racemase [KO:K12235] [EC:5.1.1.18]
101541457  BHMT; betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1 [KO:K00544] [EC:2.1.1.5]
101541653  GLDC; glycine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating), mitochondrial [KO:K00281] [EC:1.4.4.2]
101543105  GNMT; glycine N-methyltransferase [KO:K00552] [EC:2.1.1.20]
101543192  CBS; cystathionine beta-synthase [KO:K01697] [EC:4.2.1.22]
101543309  GCAT; 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate coenzyme A ligase, mitochondrial [KO:K00639] [EC:2.3.1.29]
101543328  AMT; aminomethyltransferase, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00605] [EC:2.1.2.10]
101543530  AGXT; serine--pyruvate aminotransferase [KO:K00830] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.45 2.6.1.51]
101544862  PIPOX; peroxisomal sarcosine oxidase [KO:K00306] [EC:1.5.3.1 1.5.3.7]
101545597  DAO; D-amino-acid oxidase [KO:K00273] [EC:1.4.3.3]
101545750  GATM; glycine amidinotransferase, mitochondrial [KO:K00613] [EC:2.1.4.1]
101546045  CHDH; choline dehydrogenase, mitochondrial [KO:K00108] [EC:1.1.99.1]
101546519  [KO:K00605] [EC:2.1.2.10]
101546708  AGXT2; alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2, mitochondrial [KO:K00827] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.40]
101547156  ALDH7A1; alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase isoform X1 [KO:K14085] [EC:1.2.1.31 1.2.1.8 1.2.1.3]
101550000  MAOB; amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
101550003  SARDH; sarcosine dehydrogenase, mitochondrial [KO:K00314] [EC:1.5.8.3]
101550091  [KO:K15789] [EC:1.1.1.103]
101550251  MAOA; amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
101550265  PGAM1; phosphoglycerate mutase 1 [KO:K01834] [EC:5.4.2.11]
101551590  GLYCTK; glycerate kinase isoform X1 [KO:K11529] [EC:2.7.1.165]
101552660  PSPH; phosphoserine phosphatase [KO:K01079] [EC:3.1.3.3]
101552832  ALAS1; 5-aminolevulinate synthase, nonspecific, mitochondrial [KO:K00643] [EC:2.3.1.37]
101554184  SHMT2; serine hydroxymethyltransferase, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00600] [EC:2.1.2.1]
101555161  GCSH; glycine cleavage system H protein, mitochondrial [KO:K02437]
101555473  SDS; L-serine dehydratase/L-threonine deaminase [KO:K17989] [EC:4.3.1.17 4.3.1.19]
101555736  SDSL; serine dehydratase-like [KO:K17989] [EC:4.3.1.17 4.3.1.19]
101556393  GRHPR; glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase [KO:K00049] [EC:1.1.1.79 1.1.1.81]
101557516  PGAM2; phosphoglycerate mutase 2 [KO:K01834] [EC:5.4.2.11]
101557521  BPGM; bisphosphoglycerate mutase [KO:K01837] [EC:5.4.2.4 5.4.2.11]
101557694  ALAS2; 5-aminolevulinate synthase, erythroid-specific, mitochondrial [KO:K00643] [EC:2.3.1.37]
101557801  [KO:K00605] [EC:2.1.2.10]
101558079  PSAT1; phosphoserine aminotransferase isoform X1 [KO:K00831] [EC:2.6.1.52]
101558967  AOC2; retina-specific copper amine oxidase isoform X1 [KO:K00276] [EC:1.4.3.21]
101559402  AOC3; membrane primary amine oxidase isoform X1 [KO:K00276] [EC:1.4.3.21]
Compound
C00011  CO2
C00014  Ammonia
C00022  Pyruvate
C00037  Glycine
C00048  Glyoxylate
C00049  L-Aspartate
C00065  L-Serine
C00078  L-Tryptophan
C00097  L-Cysteine
C00101  Tetrahydrofolate
C00109  2-Oxobutanoate
C00114  Choline
C00143  5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate
C00168  Hydroxypyruvate
C00188  L-Threonine
C00197  3-Phospho-D-glycerate
C00213  Sarcosine
C00258  D-Glycerate
C00263  L-Homoserine
C00300  Creatine
C00430  5-Aminolevulinate
C00441  L-Aspartate 4-semialdehyde
C00546  Methylglyoxal
C00576  Betaine aldehyde
C00581  Guanidinoacetate
C00631  2-Phospho-D-glycerate
C00719  Betaine
C00740  D-Serine
C00986  1,3-Diaminopropane
C01005  O-Phospho-L-serine
C01026  N,N-Dimethylglycine
C01102  O-Phospho-L-homoserine
C01242  [Protein]-S8-aminomethyldihydrolipoyllysine
C01888  Aminoacetone
C02051  Lipoylprotein
C02291  L-Cystathionine
C02737  Phosphatidylserine
C02972  Dihydrolipoylprotein
C03082  4-Phospho-L-aspartate
C03194  (R)-1-Aminopropan-2-ol
C03232  3-Phosphonooxypyruvate
C03283  L-2,4-Diaminobutanoate
C03508  L-2-Amino-3-oxobutanoic acid
C05519  L-Allothreonine
C06231  Ectoine
C06442  N(gamma)-Acetyldiaminobutyrate
C16432  5-Hydroxyectoine
C19929  N(alpha)-Acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutyrate
Reference
  Authors
Nishizuka Y, Seyama Y, Ikai A, Ishimura Y, Kawaguchi A (eds).
  Title
[Cellular Functions and Metabolic Maps] (In Japanese)
  Journal
Tokyo Kagaku Dojin (1997)
Reference
  Authors
Kuhlmann AU, Bremer E.
  Title
Osmotically regulated synthesis of the compatible solute ectoine in Bacillus pasteurii and related Bacillus spp.
  Journal
Appl Environ Microbiol 68:772-83 (2002)
DOI:10.1128/AEM.68.2.772-783.2002
Reference
  Authors
Canovas D, Borges N, Vargas C, Ventosa A, Nieto JJ, Santos H.
  Title
Role of Ngamma-acetyldiaminobutyrate as an enzyme stabilizer and an intermediate in the biosynthesis of hydroxyectoine.
  Journal
Appl Environ Microbiol 65:3774-9 (1999)
DOI:10.1128/AEM.65.9.3774-3779.1999
Reference
  Authors
Bursy J, Pierik AJ, Pica N, Bremer E.
  Title
Osmotically induced synthesis of the compatible solute hydroxyectoine is mediated by an evolutionarily conserved ectoine hydroxylase.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 282:31147-55 (2007)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M704023200
Reference
  Authors
Garcia-Estepa R, Argandona M, Reina-Bueno M, Capote N, Iglesias-Guerra F, Nieto JJ, Vargas C.
  Title
The ectD gene, which is involved in the synthesis of the compatible solute hydroxyectoine, is essential for thermoprotection of the halophilic bacterium Chromohalobacter salexigens.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 188:3774-84 (2006)
DOI:10.1128/JB.00136-06
Reference
  Authors
Arevalo-Rodriguez M, Pan X, Boeke JD, Heitman J
  Title
FKBP12 controls aspartate pathway flux in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to prevent toxic intermediate accumulation.
  Journal
Eukaryot Cell 3:1287-96 (2004)
DOI:10.1128/EC.3.5.1287-1296.2004
Reference
PMID:7639721
  Authors
Rees WD, Hay SM
  Title
The biosynthesis of threonine by mammalian cells: expression of a complete bacterial biosynthetic pathway in an animal cell.
  Journal
Biochem J 309 ( Pt 3):999-1007 (1995)
DOI:10.1042/bj3090999
Reference
  Authors
Jacques SL, Nieman C, Bareich D, Broadhead G, Kinach R, Honek JF, Wright GD
  Title
Characterization of yeast homoserine dehydrogenase, an antifungal target: the invariant histidine 309 is important for enzyme integrity.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1544:28-41 (2001)
DOI:10.1016/S0167-4838(00)00203-X
Reference
  Authors
Chen X, Jhee KH, Kruger WD
  Title
Production of the neuromodulator H2S by cystathionine beta-synthase via the condensation of cysteine and homocysteine.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 279:52082-6 (2004)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.C400481200
Related
pathway
sara00010  Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
sara00020  Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
sara00230  Purine metabolism
sara00250  Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
sara00270  Cysteine and methionine metabolism
sara00290  Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis
sara00330  Arginine and proline metabolism
sara00470  D-Amino acid metabolism
sara00564  Glycerophospholipid metabolism
sara00600  Sphingolipid metabolism
sara00620  Pyruvate metabolism
sara00630  Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism
sara00640  Propanoate metabolism
sara00860  Porphyrin metabolism
sara00920  Sulfur metabolism
KO pathway
ko00260   

DBGET integrated database retrieval system