KEGG   PATHWAY: aly00270
Entry
aly00270                    Pathway                                
Name
Cysteine and methionine metabolism - Arabidopsis lyrata (lyrate rockcress)
Description
Cysteine and methionine are sulfur-containing amino acids. Cysteine is synthesized from serine through different pathways in different organism groups. In bacteria and plants, cysteine is converted from serine (via acetylserine) by transfer of hydrogen sulfide [MD:M00021]. In animals, methionine-derived homocysteine is used as sulfur source and its condensation product with serine (cystathionine) is converted to cysteine [MD:M00338]. Cysteine is metabolized to pyruvate in multiple routes. Methionine is an essential amino acid, which animals cannot synthesize. In bacteria and plants, methionine is synthesized from aspartate [MD:M00017]. S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM), synthesized from methionine and ATP, is a methyl group donor in many important transfer reactions including DNA methylation for regulation of gene expression. SAM may also be used to regenerate methionine in the methionine salvage pathway [MD:M00034].
Class
Metabolism; Amino acid metabolism
Pathway map
aly00270  Cysteine and methionine metabolism
aly00270

Module
aly_M00021  Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:aly00270]
aly_M00034  Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:aly00270]
aly_M00368  Ethylene biosynthesis, methionine => ethylene [PATH:aly00270]
Other DBs
GO: 0006534 0006555
Organism
Arabidopsis lyrata (lyrate rockcress) [GN:aly]
Gene
9320139  serine acetyltransferase 2 [KO:K00640] [EC:2.3.1.30]
9300554  serine acetyltransferase 5 [KO:K00640] [EC:2.3.1.30]
9321010  serine acetyltransferase 3, mitochondrial [KO:K00640] [EC:2.3.1.30]
9327924  serine acetyltransferase 1, chloroplastic [KO:K00640] [EC:2.3.1.30]
9305146  serine acetyltransferase 4 isoform X3 [KO:K00640] [EC:2.3.1.30]
9319436  putative inactive cysteine synthase 2 [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
9330598  cysteine synthase 2 [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
9306346  cysteine synthase 1 [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
9308372  bifunctional L-3-cyanoalanine synthase/cysteine synthase D2 [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
9310481  bifunctional cystathionine gamma-lyase/cysteine synthase [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
9314356  cysteine synthase, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
9317995  cysteine synthase, chloroplastic/chromoplastic [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
9318452  bifunctional L-3-cyanoalanine synthase/cysteine synthase D1 isoform X2 [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
9300032  bifunctional cystathionine gamma-lyase/cysteine synthase [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
9319720  bifunctional L-3-cyanoalanine synthase/cysteine synthase C1, mitochondrial [KO:K13034] [EC:2.5.1.47 4.4.1.9]
9312681  bifunctional L-3-cyanoalanine synthase/cysteine synthase C1, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K13034] [EC:2.5.1.47 4.4.1.9]
9312461  cystathionine beta-lyase, chloroplastic [KO:K01760] [EC:4.4.1.13]
9313006  homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1 [KO:K00547] [EC:2.1.1.10]
9314575  homocysteine S-methyltransferase 2 [KO:K00547] [EC:2.1.1.10]
9321588  homocysteine S-methyltransferase 3 [KO:K00547] [EC:2.1.1.10]
9320478  5-methyltetrahydropteroyltriglutamate-- homocysteine methyltransferase 2 [KO:K00549] [EC:2.1.1.14]
9307856  5-methyltetrahydropteroyltriglutamate-- homocysteine methyltransferase 1 [KO:K00549] [EC:2.1.1.14]
9308033  5-methyltetrahydropteroyltriglutamate-- homocysteine methyltransferase 3, chloroplastic [KO:K00549] [EC:2.1.1.14]
9319125  S-adenosylmethionine synthase 4 [KO:K00789] [EC:2.5.1.6]
9328174  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: S-adenosylmethionine synthase 1 [KO:K00789] [EC:2.5.1.6]
9317542  S-adenosylmethionine synthase 3 [KO:K00789] [EC:2.5.1.6]
9308942  S-adenosylmethionine synthase [KO:K00789] [EC:2.5.1.6]
9312986  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase proenzyme 3 [KO:K01611] [EC:4.1.1.50]
9320388  S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase proenzyme 1 [KO:K01611] [EC:4.1.1.50]
9319056  S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase proenzyme [KO:K01611] [EC:4.1.1.50]
9307763  S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase proenzyme 2 [KO:K01611] [EC:4.1.1.50]
9307920  S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase proenzyme 4 [KO:K01611] [EC:4.1.1.50]
9327470  S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase proenzyme 2 [KO:K01611] [EC:4.1.1.50]
9300300  spermine synthase isoform X1 [KO:K00797] [EC:2.5.1.16]
9324830  spermidine synthase 2 [KO:K00797] [EC:2.5.1.16]
9329369  spermidine synthase 1 [KO:K00797] [EC:2.5.1.16]
9309245  nicotianamine synthase 1 [KO:K05953] [EC:2.5.1.43]
9328557  nicotianamine synthase 3 [KO:K05953] [EC:2.5.1.43]
9328021  probable nicotianamine synthase 4 [KO:K05953] [EC:2.5.1.43]
9300505  nicotianamine synthase 2 [KO:K05953] [EC:2.5.1.43]
9302889  5'-methylthioadenosine/S-adenosylhomocysteine nucleosidase 1 [KO:K01244] [EC:3.2.2.16]
9305194  5'-methylthioadenosine/S-adenosylhomocysteine nucleosidase 2 [KO:K01244] [EC:3.2.2.16]
9330282  methylthioribose kinase [KO:K00899] [EC:2.7.1.100]
9321869  methylthioribose-1-phosphate isomerase [KO:K08963] [EC:5.3.1.23]
9302073  probable bifunctional methylthioribulose-1-phosphate dehydratase/enolase-phosphatase E1 isoform X2 [KO:K16054] [EC:4.2.1.109 3.1.3.77]
9304330  1,2-dihydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentene dioxygenase 2 [KO:K08967] [EC:1.13.11.53 1.13.11.54]
9304332  1,2-dihydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentene dioxygenase 3 isoform X2 [KO:K08967] [EC:1.13.11.53 1.13.11.54]
9301472  1,2-dihydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentene dioxygenase 4 isoform X1 [KO:K08967] [EC:1.13.11.53 1.13.11.54]
9315026  1,2-dihydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentene dioxygenase 1 [KO:K08967] [EC:1.13.11.53 1.13.11.54]
9325216  uncharacterized protein LOC9325216 [KO:K23977] [EC:2.6.1.117]
9314873  probable aminotransferase TAT3 [KO:K00815] [EC:2.6.1.5]
9306540  tyrosine aminotransferase [KO:K00815] [EC:2.6.1.5]
9305575  probable aminotransferase TAT1 [KO:K00815] [EC:2.6.1.5]
110226039  S-alkyl-thiohydroximate lyase SUR1 isoform X1 [KO:K00815] [EC:2.6.1.5]
9302085  probable aminotransferase TAT2 [KO:K00815] [EC:2.6.1.5]
9305843  probable aminotransferase TAT4 [KO:K00815] [EC:2.6.1.5]
9325360  uncharacterized protein LOC9325360 [KO:K00837] [EC:2.6.1.-]
9330248  methionine gamma-lyase [KO:K01761] [EC:4.4.1.11]
9325339  putative DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase CMT1 [KO:K00558] [EC:2.1.1.37]
9322591  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: putative DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase CMT1 [KO:K00558] [EC:2.1.1.37]
9304389  DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 4 [KO:K00558] [EC:2.1.1.37]
9306076  DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase CMT2 [KO:K00558] [EC:2.1.1.37]
9306443  DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 3 [KO:K00558] [EC:2.1.1.37]
9300041  DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1 [KO:K00558] [EC:2.1.1.37]
9324797  DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase CMT3 [KO:K00558] [EC:2.1.1.37]
110227309  uncharacterized protein LOC110227309 isoform X1 [KO:K17398] [EC:2.1.1.37]
9319528  adenosylhomocysteinase 2 [KO:K01251] [EC:3.13.2.1]
9306421  adenosylhomocysteinase 1 [KO:K01251] [EC:3.13.2.1]
9308639  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 6 [KO:K20772] [EC:4.4.1.14]
9314454  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase-like protein 1 [KO:K20772] [EC:4.4.1.14]
9325428  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 2 [KO:K20772] [EC:4.4.1.14]
9312060  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 9 [KO:K01762] [EC:4.4.1.14]
9314705  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 4 [KO:K01762] [EC:4.4.1.14]
9305694  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 7 [KO:K01762] [EC:4.4.1.14]
9303005  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 8 [KO:K01762] [EC:4.4.1.14]
9310585  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 11 [KO:K01762] [EC:4.4.1.14]
9301057  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 5 [KO:K01762] [EC:4.4.1.14]
9322539  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase 2 [KO:K05933] [EC:1.14.17.4]
9323742  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase 5 [KO:K05933] [EC:1.14.17.4]
9320049  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05933] [EC:1.14.17.4]
9328732  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase 3 [KO:K05933] [EC:1.14.17.4]
9325597  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase 4 [KO:K05933] [EC:1.14.17.4]
9309674  aspartokinase 1, chloroplastic [KO:K00928] [EC:2.7.2.4]
9320316  aspartokinase 3, chloroplastic [KO:K00928] [EC:2.7.2.4]
9307668  aspartokinase 2, chloroplastic [KO:K00928] [EC:2.7.2.4]
9303996  bifunctional aspartokinase/homoserine dehydrogenase 2, chloroplastic isoform X1 [KO:K12524] [EC:2.7.2.4 1.1.1.3]
9327186  bifunctional aspartokinase/homoserine dehydrogenase 1, chloroplastic [KO:K12524] [EC:2.7.2.4 1.1.1.3]
9328893  uncharacterized protein LOC9328893 [KO:K00133] [EC:1.2.1.11]
9308035  uncharacterized protein LOC9308035 isoform X1 [KO:K00003] [EC:1.1.1.3]
9303150  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: homoserine kinase [KO:K00872] [EC:2.7.1.39]
9320113  homoserine kinase [KO:K00872] [EC:2.7.1.39]
9318266  cystathionine gamma-synthase 1, chloroplastic isoform X1 [KO:K27857] [EC:2.5.1.160]
9312058  branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase 3, chloroplastic [KO:K00826] [EC:2.6.1.42]
9330294  branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase 6 [KO:K00826] [EC:2.6.1.42]
9325852  branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase 1, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00826] [EC:2.6.1.42]
9328608  branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase 2, chloroplastic [KO:K00826] [EC:2.6.1.42]
9301055  branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase 5, chloroplastic isoform X1 [KO:K00826] [EC:2.6.1.42]
9327617  putative branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase 7 [KO:K00826] [EC:2.6.1.42]
9302946  alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2 homolog 1, mitochondrial [KO:K00827] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.40]
9315810  alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2 homolog 2, mitochondrial [KO:K00827] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.40]
9318653  alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2 homolog 3, mitochondrial [KO:K00827] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.40]
9303803  glutamate--cysteine ligase, chloroplastic isoform X1 [KO:K01919] [EC:6.3.2.2]
9305861  glutamate--cysteine ligase, chloroplastic [KO:K01919] [EC:6.3.2.2]
9312945  glutamate--cysteine ligase, chloroplastic [KO:K01919] [EC:6.3.2.2]
9308343  glutathione synthetase, chloroplastic [KO:K21456] [EC:6.3.2.3]
9322519  aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic isozyme 2 [KO:K14454] [EC:2.6.1.1]
9307962  aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic isozyme 1 [KO:K14454] [EC:2.6.1.1]
9307549  aspartate aminotransferase 3, chloroplastic [KO:K14454] [EC:2.6.1.1]
9317213  aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial [KO:K14455] [EC:2.6.1.1]
9305371  aspartate aminotransferase, chloroplastic [KO:K00811] [EC:2.6.1.1]
9326230  thiosulfate/3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K01011] [EC:2.8.1.1 2.8.1.2]
9323838  thiosulfate/3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase 1, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K01011] [EC:2.8.1.1 2.8.1.2]
9306184  L-lactate dehydrogenase B [KO:K00016] [EC:1.1.1.27]
9330173  bifunctional D-cysteine desulfhydrase/1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase, mitochondrial [KO:K05396] [EC:4.4.1.15]
9311377  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: D-cysteine desulfhydrase 2, mitochondrial [KO:K05396] [EC:4.4.1.15]
9308301  probable L-cysteine desulfhydrase, chloroplastic [KO:K22207] [EC:4.4.1.28]
9314504  L-cysteine desulfhydrase [KO:K22207] [EC:4.4.1.28]
9302237  malate dehydrogenase 3, cytoplasmic [KO:K00025] [EC:1.1.1.37]
9299740  malate dehydrogenase 2, cytoplasmic [KO:K00025] [EC:1.1.1.37]
9328278  malate dehydrogenase 1, cytoplasmic [KO:K00025] [EC:1.1.1.37]
9314701  malate dehydrogenase 1, peroxisomal isoform X1 [KO:K00026] [EC:1.1.1.37]
9318975  malate dehydrogenase 2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00026] [EC:1.1.1.37]
9309482  malate dehydrogenase 2, glyoxysomal [KO:K00026] [EC:1.1.1.37]
9311912  malate dehydrogenase, chloroplastic [KO:K00026] [EC:1.1.1.37]
9330491  malate dehydrogenase 1, mitochondrial [KO:K00026] [EC:1.1.1.37]
9320466  probable S-sulfocysteine synthase, chloroplastic [KO:K22846] [EC:2.5.1.144]
9303201  D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase 1, chloroplastic [KO:K00058] [EC:1.1.1.95 1.1.1.399]
9319252  D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase 3, chloroplastic [KO:K00058] [EC:1.1.1.95 1.1.1.399]
9326308  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase 2, chloroplastic [KO:K00058] [EC:1.1.1.95 1.1.1.399]
9319958  D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase 1, chloroplastic [KO:K00058] [EC:1.1.1.95 1.1.1.399]
9303135  phosphoserine aminotransferase 1, chloroplastic [KO:K00831] [EC:2.6.1.52]
9320138  phosphoserine aminotransferase 2, chloroplastic [KO:K00831] [EC:2.6.1.52]
Compound
C00019  S-Adenosyl-L-methionine
C00021  S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine
C00022  Pyruvate
C00041  L-Alanine
C00049  L-Aspartate
C00051  Glutathione
C00059  Sulfate
C00065  L-Serine
C00073  L-Methionine
C00094  Sulfite
C00097  L-Cysteine
C00109  2-Oxobutanoate
C00155  L-Homocysteine
C00170  5'-Methylthioadenosine
C00197  3-Phospho-D-glycerate
C00263  L-Homoserine
C00283  Hydrogen sulfide
C00409  Methanethiol
C00441  L-Aspartate 4-semialdehyde
C00491  L-Cystine
C00506  L-Cysteate
C00606  3-Sulfino-L-alanine
C00793  D-Cysteine
C00957  Mercaptopyruvate
C00979  O-Acetyl-L-serine
C01005  O-Phospho-L-serine
C01077  O-Acetyl-L-homoserine
C01102  O-Phospho-L-homoserine
C01118  O-Succinyl-L-homoserine
C01137  S-Adenosylmethioninamine
C01180  4-Methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid
C01234  1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate
C01817  L-Homocystine
C01962  Thiocysteine
C02218  Dehydroalanine
C02291  L-Cystathionine
C02356  (S)-2-Aminobutanoate
C02989  L-Methionine S-oxide
C03082  4-Phospho-L-aspartate
C03089  5-Methylthio-D-ribose
C03145  N-Formylmethionine
C03232  3-Phosphonooxypyruvate
C03431  S-Inosyl-L-homocysteine
C03539  S-Ribosyl-L-homocysteine
C04188  S-Methyl-5-thio-D-ribose 1-phosphate
C04582  S-Methyl-5-thio-D-ribulose 1-phosphate
C05324  Nicotianamine
C05524  Aminoacyl-L-methionine
C05526  S-Glutathionyl-L-cysteine
C05527  3-Sulfinylpyruvate
C05528  3-Sulfopyruvate
C05823  3-Mercaptolactate
C05824  S-Sulfo-L-cysteine
C06547  Ethylene
C08276  3-(Methylthio)propanoate
C09306  Sulfur dioxide
C11437  1-Deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate
C11481  HSO3-
C11499  (S)-3-Sulfolactate
C11537  (2R)-3-Sulfolactate
C15606  1,2-Dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one
C15650  2,3-Diketo-5-methylthiopentyl-1-phosphate
C15651  2-Hydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate
C18049  N-Acyl-L-homoserine lactone
C19787  5'-S-Methyl-5'-thioinosine
C21015  gamma-L-Glutamyl-L-2-aminobutyrate
C21016  Ophthalmate
C22359  S-Methyl-1-thio-D-xylulose 5-phosphate
Reference
  Authors
Sekowska A, Denervaud V, Ashida H, Michoud K, Haas D, Yokota A, Danchin A
  Title
Bacterial variations on the methionine salvage pathway.
  Journal
BMC Microbiol 4:9 (2004)
DOI:10.1186/1471-2180-4-9
Reference
  Authors
Ashida H, Saito Y, Kojima C, Kobayashi K, Ogasawara N, Yokota A.
  Title
A functional link between RuBisCO-like protein of Bacillus and photosynthetic RuBisCO.
  Journal
Science 302:286-90 (2003)
DOI:10.1126/science.1086997
Reference
  Authors
Sekowska A, Danchin A.
  Title
The methionine salvage pathway in Bacillus subtilis.
  Journal
BMC Microbiol 2:8 (2002)
DOI:10.1186/1471-2180-2-8
Reference
  Authors
Berger BJ, English S, Chan G, Knodel MH.
  Title
Methionine regeneration and aminotransferases in Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus anthracis.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 185:2418-31 (2003)
DOI:10.1128/JB.185.8.2418-2431.2003
Reference
  Authors
Goyer A, Collakova E, Shachar-Hill Y, Hanson AD
  Title
Functional characterization of a methionine gamma-lyase in Arabidopsis and its implication in an alternative to the reverse trans-sulfuration pathway.
  Journal
Plant Cell Physiol 48:232-42 (2007)
DOI:10.1093/pcp/pcl055
Reference
  Authors
Rebeille F, Jabrin S, Bligny R, Loizeau K, Gambonnet B, Van Wilder V, Douce R, Ravanel S
  Title
Methionine catabolism in Arabidopsis cells is initiated by a gamma-cleavage process and leads to S-methylcysteine and isoleucine syntheses.
  Journal
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103:15687-92 (2006)
DOI:10.1073/pnas.0606195103
Reference
  Authors
Pirkov I, Norbeck J, Gustafsson L, Albers E
  Title
A complete inventory of all enzymes in the eukaryotic methionine salvage pathway.
  Journal
FEBS J 275:4111-20 (2008)
DOI:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06552.x
Reference
  Authors
Ashida H, Saito Y, Kojima C, Yokota A
  Title
Enzymatic characterization of 5-methylthioribulose-1-phosphate dehydratase of the methionine salvage pathway in Bacillus subtilis.
  Journal
Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 72:959-67 (2008)
DOI:10.1271/bbb.70651
Reference
  Authors
Kitabatake M, So MW, Tumbula DL, Soll D
  Title
Cysteine biosynthesis pathway in the archaeon Methanosarcina barkeri encoded by acquired bacterial genes?
  Journal
J Bacteriol 182:143-5 (2000)
DOI:10.1128/JB.182.1.143-145.2000
Reference
  Authors
Mino K, Ishikawa K
  Title
Characterization of a novel thermostable O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase from Aeropyrum pernix K1.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 185:2277-84 (2003)
DOI:10.1128/JB.185.7.2277-2284.2003
Reference
  Authors
Tanabe S
  Title
Development of assay methods for endogenous inorganic sulfur compounds and sulfurtransferases and evaluation of the physiological functions of bound sulfur.
  Journal
Yakugaku Zasshi 128:881-900 (2008)
DOI:10.1248/yakushi.128.881
Reference
  Authors
Nishizuka Y, Seyama Y, Ikai A, Ishimura Y, Kawaguchi A (eds).
  Title
[Cellular Functions and Metabolic Maps] (In Japanese)
  Journal
Tokyo Kagaku Dojin (1997)
Reference
  Authors
Gutierrez JA, Crowder T, Rinaldo-Matthis A, Ho MC, Almo SC, Schramm VL
  Title
Transition state analogs of 5'-methylthioadenosine nucleosidase disrupt quorum sensing.
  Journal
Nat Chem Biol 5:251-7 (2009)
DOI:10.1038/nchembio.153
Related
pathway
aly00010  Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
aly00250  Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
aly00260  Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism
aly00290  Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis
aly00430  Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism
aly00480  Glutathione metabolism
aly00620  Pyruvate metabolism
aly00640  Propanoate metabolism
aly00770  Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis
aly00900  Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
aly00920  Sulfur metabolism
KO pathway
ko00270   
LinkDB

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