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Entry Name Endometrial cancer
Description Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynaecological malignancy and the fourth most common malignancy in women in the developed world after breast, colorectal and lung cancer. Two types of endometrial carcinoma are distinguished with respect to biology and clinical course. Type-I carcinoma is related to hyperestrogenism by association with endometrial hyperplasia, frequent expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors and younger age, whereas type-II carcinoma is unrelated to estrogen, associated with atrophic endometrium, frequent lack of estrogen and progesterone receptors and older age. The morphologic differences in these cancers are mirrored in their molecular genetic profile with type I showing defects in DNA-mismatch repair and mutations in PTEN, K-ras, and beta-catenin, and type II showing aneuploidy, p53 mutations, and her2/neu amplification.
Class Human Diseases; Cancer: specific typesBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map Disease Orthology K00922 PIK3CA_B_D; phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha/beta/delta [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
K02085 APC; adenomatosis polyposis coli protein
K02158 BAD; Bcl-2-antagonist of cell death
K02159 BAX; apoptosis regulator BAX
K02620 TCF7, TCF-1; transcription factor 7
K02649 PIK3R1_2_3; phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha/beta/delta
K04357 EGF; epidermal growth factor
K04364 GRB2; growth factor receptor-bound protein 2
K04365 BRAF; B-Raf proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase [EC:2.7.11.1 ]
K04366 RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase [EC:2.7.11.1 ]
K04368 MAP2K1, MEK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [EC:2.7.12.2 ]
K04369 MAP2K2, MEK2; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [EC:2.7.12.2 ]
K04375 ELK1; ETS domain-containing protein Elk-1
K04377 MYC; Myc proto-oncogene protein
K04402 GADD45; growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein
K04451 TP53, P53; tumor protein p53
K04490 TCF7L1; transcription factor 7-like 1
K04491 TCF7L2; transcription factor 7-like 2
K04492 LEF1; lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1
K04503 CCND1; G1/S-specific cyclin-D1
K05083 ERBB2, HER2, CD340; receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2 [EC:2.7.10.1 ]
K05689 CDH1, CDHE, CD324; cadherin 1, type 1, E-cadherin
K06276 PDPK1; 3-phosphoinositide dependent protein kinase-1 [EC:2.7.11.1 ]
K06625 CDKN1A, P21, CIP1; cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A
K07827 KRAS, KRAS2; GTPase KRas
K08734 MLH1; DNA mismatch repair protein MLH1
K08845 ARAF, ARAF1; A-Raf proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase [EC:2.7.11.1 ]
K09408 FOXO3; forkhead box protein O3
K10140 DDB2; DNA damage-binding protein 2
K14021 BAK, BAK1; Bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer
Compound C05981 Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference Authors Ryan AJ, Susil B, Jobling TW, Oehler MK.
Title Endometrial cancer.
Journal Reference Authors Lax SF.
Title Molecular genetic pathways in various types of endometrial carcinoma: from a phenotypical to a molecular-based classification.
Journal Reference Authors Shiozawa T, Konishi I.
Title Early endometrial carcinoma: clinicopathology, hormonal aspects, molecular genetics, diagnosis, and treatment.
Journal Reference Authors Hecht JL, Mutter GL.
Title Molecular and pathologic aspects of endometrial carcinogenesis.
Journal Reference Authors Matias-Guiu X, Catasus L, Bussaglia E, Lagarda H, Garcia A, Pons C, Munoz J, Arguelles R, Machin P, Prat J.
Title Molecular pathology of endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma.
Journal Reference Authors Slomovitz BM, Broaddus RR, Burke TW, Sneige N, Soliman PT, Wu W, Sun CC, Munsell MF, Gershenson DM, Lu KH.
Title Her-2/neu overexpression and amplification in uterine papillary serous carcinoma.
Journal Reference Authors Saffari B, Jones LA, el-Naggar A, Felix JC, George J, Press MF.
Title Amplification and overexpression of HER-2/neu (c-erbB2) in endometrial cancers: correlation with overall survival.
Journal Cancer Res 55:5693-8 (1995)
Reference Authors Kim D, Chung J.
Title Akt: versatile mediator of cell survival and beyond.
Journal Related ko04060 Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction
