KEGG   PATHWAY: pale04727
Entry
pale04727                   Pathway                                
Name
GABAergic synapse - Pteropus alecto (black flying fox)
Description
Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). When released in the synaptic cleft, GABA binds to three major classes of receptors: GABAA, GABAB, and GABAC receptors. GABAA and GABAC receptors are ionotropic and mediate fast GABA responses by triggering chloride channel openings, while GABAB receptors are metabotropic and mediate slower GABA responses by activating G-proteins and influencing second messenger systems. GABAA receptors, the major sites for fast inhibitory neurotransmission in the CNS, are regulated by phosphorylation mechanisms, affecting both their functional properties and their cell surface mobility and trafficking. GABA release by the presynaptic terminal is negatively regulated by GABAB autoreceptors, and is cleared from the extracellular space by GABA transporters (GATs) located either on the presynaptic terminal or neighboring glial cells.
Class
Organismal Systems; Nervous system
Pathway map
pale04727  GABAergic synapse
pale04727

Other DBs
GO: 0051932
Organism
Pteropus alecto (black flying fox) [GN:pale]
Gene
102877794  HAP1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: huntingtin-associated protein 1 [KO:K04647]
102877847  CACNA1B; voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B [KO:K04849]
102877853  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
102877921  GNG14; putative guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-14 [KO:K04347]
102878686  TRAK2; trafficking kinesin-binding protein 2 [KO:K15374]
102878715  GABARAPL1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 1 isoform X2 [KO:K08341]
102879206  GABRE; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon isoform X2 [KO:K05185]
102879439  GNG5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542]
102879456  GABRA3; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3 [KO:K05175]
102879608  GAD1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: glutamate decarboxylase 1 [KO:K01580] [EC:4.1.1.15]
102880654  GLS2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: glutaminase liver isoform, mitochondrial [KO:K01425] [EC:3.5.1.2]
102880663  PRKCB; protein kinase C beta type [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
102880702  GABARAP; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein [KO:K08341]
102881192  GABBR2; gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2 [KO:K04615]
102881424  GABRQ; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta [KO:K05192]
102881535  ADCY7; adenylate cyclase type 7 [KO:K08047] [EC:4.6.1.1]
102881664  GNB5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5 [KO:K04539]
102881686  GNGT2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 [KO:K04549]
102881852  GABRR3; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-3 [KO:K05190]
102882682  CACNA1C; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C isoform X2 [KO:K04850]
102882744  GNB2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 [KO:K04537]
102883576  GPHN; gephyrin isoform X4 [KO:K15376] [EC:2.10.1.1 2.7.7.75]
102883771  GNB1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 [KO:K04536]
102884448  GABRD; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta [KO:K05184]
102884654  GNAO1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha isoform X2 [KO:K04534]
102885642  GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630]
102885676  ADCY9; adenylate cyclase type 9 [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]
102885977  GABRR2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-2 [KO:K05190]
102886028  GNG2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 [KO:K07826]
102886041  GNG7; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7 [KO:K04543]
102886063  GABRA5; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5 [KO:K05175]
102886220  GABRR1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05190]
102886232  ADCY3; adenylate cyclase type 3 [KO:K08043] [EC:4.6.1.1]
102886303  GABRB3; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K05181]
102886379  GABRB2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05181]
102886472  GAD2; glutamate decarboxylase 2 [KO:K01580] [EC:4.1.1.15]
102886679  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
102886682  GNG12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12 [KO:K04347]
102886943  GABRG1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1 [KO:K05186]
102886965  GABRA6; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6 [KO:K05175]
102887078  PRKCA; protein kinase C alpha type [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
102887160  NSF; vesicle-fusing ATPase [KO:K06027] [EC:3.6.4.6]
102887203  GABRA2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05175]
102887223  GABRA1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1 isoform X2 [KO:K05175]
102887452  GABRA4; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4 isoform X1 [KO:K05175]
102887497  ADCY1; adenylate cyclase type 1 [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
102887807  GABRG2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05186]
102887850  KCNJ6; G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 2 [KO:K05000]
102887895  GABRG3; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3 [KO:K05186]
102888038  GABRB1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05181]
102888351  CACNA1D; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D [KO:K04851]
102888735  GNG3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3 [KO:K04540]
102888961  PRKCG; protein kinase C gamma type [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
102889599  GNG4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 [KO:K04541]
102889763  SLC12A5; solute carrier family 12 member 5 [KO:K23967]
102890343  SLC6A11; sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 3 [KO:K05044]
102890410  GNB4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 [KO:K04538]
102890575  ADCY4; adenylate cyclase type 4 [KO:K08044] [EC:4.6.1.1]
102890588  ADCY6; adenylate cyclase type 6 isoform X2 [KO:K08046] [EC:4.6.1.1]
102890590  SLC6A1; sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05034]
102891249  SRC; proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src [KO:K05704] [EC:2.7.10.2]
102891789  CACNA1A; voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A [KO:K04344]
102892133  SLC38A5; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 5 [KO:K14992]
102892764  GNG13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-13 isoform X6 [KO:K04547]
102892785  GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(k) subunit alpha [KO:K04630]
102892816  GABRP; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi [KO:K05189]
102893037  PLCL1; inactive phospholipase C-like protein 1 [KO:K15375]
102893265  ADCY2; adenylate cyclase type 2 [KO:K08042] [EC:4.6.1.1]
102893506  GNB3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 [KO:K07825]
102893611  CACNA1F; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F isoform X1 [KO:K04853]
102894523  SLC32A1; vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter [KO:K15015]
102894556  GLUL; glutamine synthetase [KO:K01915] [EC:6.3.1.2]
102895647  GABARAPL2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 2 [KO:K08341]
102896136  CACNA1S; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S [KO:K04857]
102896532  GABBR1; gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04615]
102896789  ADCY8; adenylate cyclase type 8 isoform X1 [KO:K08048] [EC:4.6.1.1]
102897495  ADCY5; adenylate cyclase type 5 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
102897714  GLS; glutaminase kidney isoform, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K01425] [EC:3.5.1.2]
102898416  SLC38A3; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 3 [KO:K13576]
102898518  SLC38A2; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2 isoform X3 [KO:K14207]
102898627  SLC6A12; sodium- and chloride-dependent betaine transporter [KO:K05045]
102898665  GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630]
102898674  GNGT1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1 [KO:K04548]
102898682  ABAT; 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrial [KO:K13524] [EC:2.6.1.19 2.6.1.22]
102898771  SLC38A1; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 1 [KO:K14990]
102898882  SLC6A13; sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05046]
102898925  GNG11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11 [KO:K04546]
107196679  GNG10; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10 [KO:K04545]
112479655  GNG8; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-8 isoform X1 [KO:K04544]
Compound
C00025  L-Glutamate
C00026  2-Oxoglutarate
C00042  Succinate
C00064  L-Glutamine
C00076  Calcium cation
C00238  Potassium cation
C00334  4-Aminobutanoate
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C00698  Cl-
Reference
  Authors
Davis KL, Charney D, Coyle JT, Nemeroff C (ed).
  Title
Neuropsychopharmacology: The fifth generation of progress
  Journal
Lippincott Williams & Wikins (2002)
DOI:10.1002/hup.431
Reference
PMID:17499109
  Authors
Farrant M, Kaila K
  Title
The cellular, molecular and ionic basis of GABA(A) receptor signalling.
  Journal
Prog Brain Res 160:59-87 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/S0079-6123(06)60005-8
Reference
PMID:9364667
  Authors
Ben-Ari Y, Khazipov R, Leinekugel X, Caillard O, Gaiarsa JL
  Title
GABAA, NMDA and AMPA receptors: a developmentally regulated 'menage a trois'.
  Journal
Trends Neurosci 20:523-9 (1997)
DOI:10.1016/S0166-2236(97)01147-8
Reference
PMID:20655485
  Authors
Pinard A, Seddik R, Bettler B
  Title
GABAB receptors: physiological functions and mechanisms of diversity.
  Journal
Adv Pharmacol 58:231-55 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/S1054-3589(10)58010-4
Reference
PMID:21376567
  Authors
Chalifoux JR, Carter AG
  Title
GABAB receptor modulation of synaptic function.
  Journal
Curr Opin Neurobiol 21:339-44 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.conb.2011.02.004
Reference
PMID:20655481
  Authors
Padgett CL, Slesinger PA
  Title
GABAB receptor coupling to G-proteins and ion channels.
  Journal
Adv Pharmacol 58:123-47 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/S1054-3589(10)58006-2
Reference
PMID:17499108
  Authors
Emson PC
  Title
GABA(B) receptors: structure and function.
  Journal
Prog Brain Res 160:43-57 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/S0079-6123(06)60004-6
Reference
PMID:16932937
  Authors
Kornau HC
  Title
GABA(B) receptors and synaptic modulation.
  Journal
Cell Tissue Res 326:517-33 (2006)
DOI:10.1007/s00441-006-0264-7
Reference
PMID:18382465
  Authors
Jacob TC, Moss SJ, Jurd R
  Title
GABA(A) receptor trafficking and its role in the dynamic modulation of neuronal inhibition.
  Journal
Nat Rev Neurosci 9:331-43 (2008)
DOI:10.1038/nrn2370
Reference
PMID:12086709
  Authors
Kneussel M
  Title
Dynamic regulation of GABA(A) receptors at synaptic sites.
  Journal
Brain Res Brain Res Rev 39:74-83 (2002)
DOI:10.1016/S0165-0173(02)00159-5
Reference
PMID:21555068
  Authors
Luscher B, Fuchs T, Kilpatrick CL
  Title
GABAA receptor trafficking-mediated plasticity of inhibitory synapses.
  Journal
Neuron 70:385-409 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.neuron.2011.03.024
Reference
PMID:19374920
  Authors
Arancibia-Carcamo IL, Kittler JT
  Title
Regulation of GABA(A) receptor membrane trafficking and synaptic localization.
  Journal
Pharmacol Ther 123:17-31 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2009.03.012
Reference
PMID:16787421
  Authors
Bak LK, Schousboe A, Waagepetersen HS
  Title
The glutamate/GABA-glutamine cycle: aspects of transport, neurotransmitter homeostasis and ammonia transfer.
  Journal
J Neurochem 98:641-53 (2006)
DOI:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.03913.x
Reference
PMID:15210304
  Authors
Conti F, Minelli A, Melone M
  Title
GABA transporters in the mammalian cerebral cortex: localization, development and pathological implications.
  Journal
Brain Res Brain Res Rev 45:196-212 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2004.03.003
Reference
PMID:12888801
  Authors
Brambilla P, Perez J, Barale F, Schettini G, Soares JC
  Title
GABAergic dysfunction in mood disorders.
  Journal
Mol Psychiatry 8:721-37, 715 (2003)
DOI:10.1038/sj.mp.4001362
Reference
PMID:10780899
  Authors
Chebib M, Johnston GA
  Title
GABA-Activated ligand gated ion channels: medicinal chemistry and molecular biology.
  Journal
J Med Chem 43:1427-47 (2000)
DOI:10.1021/jm9904349
Related
pathway
pale00020  Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
pale00250  Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
pale04144  Endocytosis
pale04721  Synaptic vesicle cycle
KO pathway
ko04727   

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