KEGG   PATHWAY: aamp04974
Entry
aamp04974                   Pathway                                
Name
Protein digestion and absorption - Arvicola amphibius (Eurasian water vole)
Description
Protein is a dietary component essential for nutritional homeostasis in humans. Normally, ingested protein undergoes a complex series of degradative processes following the action of gastric, pancreatic and small intestinal enzymes. The result of this proteolytic activity is a mixture of amino acids and small peptides. Amino acids (AAs) are transported into the enterocyte (intestinal epithelial cell) by a variety of AA transporters that are specific for cationic (basic) AA, neutral AA, and anionic (acidic) AA. Small peptides are absorbed into enterocytes by the PEPT1 transporter. Inside enterocytes peptides are hydrolyzed, and the resulting amino acids are released together with those absorbed by AA transporters into blood via multiple, basolateral, AA transporters. Hydrolysis-resistant peptides, however, are transported out of the cells by a basolateral peptide transporter that has not been identified molecularly.
Class
Organismal Systems; Digestive system
Pathway map
aamp04974  Protein digestion and absorption
aamp04974

Other DBs
GO: 0044256 0050892
Organism
Arvicola amphibius (Eurasian water vole) [GN:aamp]
Gene
119802973  pepsin A-5 [KO:K06002] [EC:3.4.23.1]
119806814  trypsin-4 isoform X1 [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
119806815  anionic trypsin-2-like isoform X1 [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
119806817  anionic trypsin-2-like isoform X1 [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
119806819  cationic trypsin-3 [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
119806820  anionic trypsin-2-like [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
119806822  anionic trypsin-2-like isoform X1 [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
119806823  anionic trypsin-2-like [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
119806824  Prss2; trypsin-2 [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
119806826  cationic trypsin-3-like [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
119806827  trypsin V-A-like [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
119806828  trypsin V-A-like [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
119806832  trypsin-4-like [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
119802244  chymotrypsinogen B [KO:K01310] [EC:3.4.21.1]
119802032  Ctrl; chymotrypsin-like protease CTRL-1 [KO:K09632] [EC:3.4.21.-]
119817620  chymotrypsin-like elastase family member 2A [KO:K01346] [EC:3.4.21.71]
119817658  chymotrypsin-like elastase family member 3B [KO:K01345] [EC:3.4.21.70]
119807419  Cpa1; carboxypeptidase A1 [KO:K08779] [EC:3.4.17.1]
119806851  Cpa2; carboxypeptidase A2 [KO:K01298] [EC:3.4.17.15]
119826762  Cpa3; mast cell carboxypeptidase A [KO:K08780] [EC:3.4.17.1]
119826800  Cpb1; carboxypeptidase B [KO:K01291] [EC:3.4.17.2]
119800387  Cpb2; carboxypeptidase B2 [KO:K01300] [EC:3.4.17.20]
119810410  Slc9a3; sodium/hydrogen exchanger 3 [KO:K12040]
119800101  Slc15a1; solute carrier family 15 member 1 [KO:K14206]
119800782  Atp1a1; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
119821857  Atp1a3; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
119827396  Atp1a2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
119827400  sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
119810268  Atp1b3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3 [KO:K01540]
119805430  Atp1b4; protein ATP1B4 isoform X1 [KO:K01540]
119812661  Atp1b2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2 [KO:K01540]
119827292  Atp1b1; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1 [KO:K01540]
119810306  Fxyd2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gamma [KO:K01538]
119820373  Kcnn4; intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 4 [KO:K04945]
119799948  Kcnk5; potassium channel subfamily K member 5 [KO:K04916]
119803051  Kcne3; potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 3 [KO:K04897]
119817924  Kcnq1; potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04926]
119820360  Kcnj13; inward rectifier potassium channel 13 isoform X1 [KO:K05006]
119823047  Slc38a2; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2 isoform X1 [KO:K14207]
119826806  Mme; neprilysin [KO:K01389] [EC:3.4.24.11]
119823876  Mep1a; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: meprin A subunit alpha [KO:K01395] [EC:3.4.24.18]
119815303  meprin A subunit beta-like [KO:K08606] [EC:3.4.24.63]
119815304  meprin A subunit beta-like [KO:K08606] [EC:3.4.24.63]
119804711  Ace2; angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 isoform X1 [KO:K09708] [EC:3.4.17.23]
119802519  lysosomal Pro-X carboxypeptidase-like [KO:K01285] [EC:3.4.16.2]
119802717  lysosomal Pro-X carboxypeptidase [KO:K01285] [EC:3.4.16.2]
119818597  Dpp4; dipeptidyl peptidase 4 [KO:K01278] [EC:3.4.14.5]
119805201  Xpnpep2; xaa-Pro aminopeptidase 2 [KO:K14208] [EC:3.4.11.9]
119812833  Slc1a1; excitatory amino acid transporter 3 [KO:K05612]
119820813  Slc1a5; neutral amino acid transporter B(0) isoform X1 [KO:K05616]
119808074  Slc8a1; sodium/calcium exchanger 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05849]
119820931  Slc8a2; sodium/calcium exchanger 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05849]
119818947  Slc8a3; sodium/calcium exchanger 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05849]
119810272  Slc6a19; sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter B(0)AT1 [KO:K05334]
119803876  Slc3a2; 4F2 cell-surface antigen heavy chain [KO:K06519]
119804212  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 4F2 cell-surface antigen heavy chain-like [KO:K06519]
119800143  Slc7a8; large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 2 [KO:K13781]
119809723  Slc36a4; proton-coupled amino acid transporter 4 isoform X1 [KO:K14209]
119812716  proton-coupled amino acid transporter 2 [KO:K14209]
119812807  Slc36a1; proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1 isoform X1 [KO:K14209]
119812992  Slc36a3; proton-coupled amino acid transporter 3 [KO:K14209]
119820443  Slc16a10; monocarboxylate transporter 10 [KO:K08187]
119806419  Slc3a1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: neutral and basic amino acid transport protein rBAT [KO:K14210]
119821183  Slc7a9; B(0,+)-type amino acid transporter 1 [KO:K13868]
119808374  b(0,+)-type amino acid transporter 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K13868]
119799987  Slc7a7; Y+L amino acid transporter 1 isoform X1 [KO:K13867]
119824340  Eln; elastin [KO:K14211]
119807796  Col1a2; collagen alpha-2(I) chain [KO:K06236]
119811687  Col1a1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: collagen alpha-1(I) chain [KO:K06236]
119822685  Col2a1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: collagen alpha-1(II) chain [KO:K19719]
119803905  Col3a1; collagen alpha-1(III) chain [KO:K19720]
119804378  Col4a6; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: collagen alpha-6(IV) chain [KO:K06237]
119804832  Col4a5; collagen alpha-5(IV) chain isoform X1 [KO:K06237]
119812350  Col4a1; collagen alpha-1(IV) chain [KO:K06237]
119812512  Col4a2; collagen alpha-2(IV) chain [KO:K06237]
119820835  Col4a4; collagen alpha-4(IV) chain [KO:K06237]
119820836  Col4a3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: collagen alpha-3(IV) chain [KO:K06237]
119800833  Col11a1; collagen alpha-1(XI) chain isoform X1 [KO:K19721]
119800941  Col24a1; collagen alpha-1(XXIV) chain [KO:K19721]
119809129  Col5a3; collagen alpha-3(V) chain [KO:K19721]
119822633  Col11a2; collagen alpha-2(XI) chain [KO:K19721]
119816927  Col27a1; collagen alpha-1(XXVII) chain isoform X1 [KO:K19721]
119803870  Col5a2; collagen alpha-2(V) chain [KO:K19721]
119818444  Col5a1; collagen alpha-1(V) chain isoform X1 [KO:K19721]
119808825  Col6a6; collagen alpha-6(VI) chain [KO:K06238]
119809467  collagen alpha-4(VI) chain-like [KO:K06238]
119822631  Col6a1; collagen alpha-1(VI) chain [KO:K06238]
119809703  Col6a5; collagen alpha-5(VI) chain [KO:K06238]
119823034  Col6a2; collagen alpha-2(VI) chain isoform X1 [KO:K06238]
119820261  Col6a3; collagen alpha-3(VI) chain [KO:K06238]
119810354  Col7a1; collagen alpha-1(VII) chain [KO:K16628]
119817063  Col8a2; collagen alpha-2(VIII) chain [KO:K23455]
119824779  Col8a1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: collagen alpha-1(VIII) chain [KO:K23455]
119814582  Col9a3; collagen alpha-3(IX) chain [KO:K08131]
119823741  Col9a1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: collagen alpha-1(IX) chain [KO:K08131]
119817443  Col9a2; collagen alpha-2(IX) chain [KO:K08131]
119821610  Col10a1; collagen alpha-1(X) chain [KO:K19479]
119809495  Col12a1; collagen alpha-1(XII) chain [KO:K08132]
119823333  Col13a1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: collagen alpha-1(XIII) chain [KO:K16617]
119823493  Col14a1; collagen alpha-1(XIV) chain isoform X1 [KO:K08133]
119826561  Col15a1; collagen alpha-1(XV) chain [KO:K08135]
119816491  Col16a1; collagen alpha-1(XVI) chain [KO:K24339]
119806333  Col17a1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: collagen alpha-1(XVII) chain [KO:K07603]
119822194  Col18a1; collagen alpha-1(XVIII) chain isoform X1 [KO:K06823]
119823742  Col19a1; collagen alpha-1(XIX) chain [KO:K24340]
119815678  Col20a1; collagen alpha-1(XX) chain [KO:K24357]
119823236  Col22a1; collagen alpha-1(XXII) chain [KO:K16630]
119800682  Col25a1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: collagen alpha-1(XXV) chain [KO:K24356]
119825587  Col26a1; collagen alpha-1(XXVI) chain isoform X1 [KO:K24358]
119807461  Col28a1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: collagen alpha-1(XXVIII) chain [KO:K23619]
Compound
C00011  CO2
C00014  Ammonia
C00025  L-Glutamate
C00033  Acetate
C00037  Glycine
C00041  L-Alanine
C00047  L-Lysine
C00049  L-Aspartate
C00062  L-Arginine
C00064  L-Glutamine
C00065  L-Serine
C00073  L-Methionine
C00076  Calcium cation
C00078  L-Tryptophan
C00079  L-Phenylalanine
C00080  H+
C00082  L-Tyrosine
C00097  L-Cysteine
C00099  beta-Alanine
C00123  L-Leucine
C00134  Putrescine
C00135  L-Histidine
C00146  Phenol
C00148  L-Proline
C00152  L-Asparagine
C00163  Propanoate
C00183  L-Valine
C00188  L-Threonine
C00238  Potassium cation
C00246  Butanoic acid
C00282  Hydrogen
C00388  Histamine
C00407  L-Isoleucine
C00463  Indole
C00483  Tyramine
C00491  L-Cystine
C01327  Hydrochloric acid
C01330  Sodium cation
C01438  Methane
C01468  4-Cresol
C01672  Cadaverine
C01746  Piperidine
C02632  2-Methylpropanoate
C05996  Branched chain fatty acid
C08262  3-Methylbutanoic acid
C16138  L-Pyrrolysine
C18319  2-Methylbutyrate
Reference
  Authors
Broer S
  Title
Amino acid transport across mammalian intestinal and renal epithelia.
  Journal
Physiol Rev 88:249-86 (2008)
DOI:10.1152/physrev.00018.2006
Reference
  Authors
Palacin M, Nunes V, Font-Llitjos M, Jimenez-Vidal M, Fort J, Gasol E, Pineda M, Feliubadalo L, Chillaron J, Zorzano A
  Title
The genetics of heteromeric amino acid transporters.
  Journal
Physiology (Bethesda) 20:112-24 (2005)
DOI:10.1152/physiol.00051.2004
Reference
  Authors
Goodman BE
  Title
Insights into digestion and absorption of major nutrients in humans.
  Journal
Adv Physiol Educ 34:44-53 (2010)
DOI:10.1152/advan.00094.2009
Reference
  Authors
Wagner CA, Lang F, Broer S
  Title
Function and structure of heterodimeric amino acid transporters.
  Journal
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 281:C1077-93 (2001)
DOI:10.1152/ajpcell.2001.281.4.C1077
Reference
  Authors
Broer S
  Title
Apical transporters for neutral amino acids: physiology and pathophysiology.
  Journal
Physiology (Bethesda) 23:95-103 (2008)
DOI:10.1152/physiol.00045.2007
Reference
PMID:9687539
  Authors
Wu G
  Title
Intestinal mucosal amino acid catabolism.
  Journal
J Nutr 128:1249-52 (1998)
DOI:10.1093/jn/128.8.1249
Reference
  Authors
Daniel H
  Title
Molecular and integrative physiology of intestinal peptide transport.
  Journal
Annu Rev Physiol 66:361-84 (2004)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.physiol.66.032102.144149
Reference
  Authors
Rubio-Aliaga I, Daniel H
  Title
Mammalian peptide transporters as targets for drug delivery.
  Journal
Trends Pharmacol Sci 23:434-40 (2002)
DOI:10.1016/S0165-6147(02)02072-2
Reference
PMID:7937532
  Authors
Bai JP
  Title
Distribution of brush-border membrane peptidases along the rat intestine.
  Journal
Pharm Res 11:897-900 (1994)
DOI:10.1023/a:1018946228432
Reference
  Authors
Guarner F, Malagelada JR
  Title
Gut flora in health and disease.
  Journal
Lancet 361:512-9 (2003)
DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12489-0
Reference
  Authors
Smith EA, Macfarlane GT
  Title
Dissimilatory amino Acid metabolism in human colonic bacteria.
  Journal
Anaerobe 3:327-37 (1997)
DOI:10.1006/anae.1997.0121
Reference
  Authors
Schepers E, Glorieux G, Vanholder R
  Title
The gut: the forgotten organ in uremia?
  Journal
Blood Purif 29:130-6 (2010)
DOI:10.1159/000245639
Reference
  Authors
John H.Cummings
  Title
The large intestine in nutrition and disease
  Journal
Institut Danone
Reference
  Authors
Heitzmann D, Warth R
  Title
Physiology and pathophysiology of potassium channels in gastrointestinal epithelia.
  Journal
Physiol Rev 88:1119-82 (2008)
DOI:10.1152/physrev.00020.2007
Related
pathway
aamp00250  Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
aamp04530  Tight junction
aamp04971  Gastric acid secretion
aamp04972  Pancreatic secretion
KO pathway
ko04974   
LinkDB

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