Entry
Name
Protein digestion and absorption - Arvicola amphibius (Eurasian water vole)
Description
Protein is a dietary component essential for nutritional homeostasis in humans. Normally, ingested protein undergoes a complex series of degradative processes following the action of gastric, pancreatic and small intestinal enzymes. The result of this proteolytic activity is a mixture of amino acids and small peptides. Amino acids (AAs) are transported into the enterocyte (intestinal epithelial cell) by a variety of AA transporters that are specific for cationic (basic) AA, neutral AA, and anionic (acidic) AA. Small peptides are absorbed into enterocytes by the PEPT1 transporter. Inside enterocytes peptides are hydrolyzed, and the resulting amino acids are released together with those absorbed by AA transporters into blood via multiple, basolateral, AA transporters. Hydrolysis-resistant peptides, however, are transported out of the cells by a basolateral peptide transporter that has not been identified molecularly.
Class
Organismal Systems; Digestive system
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Ortholog table
Other DBs
Organism
Arvicola amphibius (Eurasian water vole) [GN:
aamp ]
Gene
119802032 Ctrl; chymotrypsin-like protease CTRL-1 [KO:K09632 ] [EC:3.4.21.-]
119810268 Atp1b3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3 [KO:K01540 ]
119812661 Atp1b2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2 [KO:K01540 ]
119827292 Atp1b1; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1 [KO:K01540 ]
119810306 Fxyd2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gamma [KO:K01538 ]
119820373 Kcnn4; intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 4 [KO:K04945 ]
119803051 Kcne3; potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 3 [KO:K04897 ]
119817924 Kcnq1; potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04926 ]
119820360 Kcnj13; inward rectifier potassium channel 13 isoform X1 [KO:K05006 ]
119823047 Slc38a2; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2 isoform X1 [KO:K14207 ]
119820813 Slc1a5; neutral amino acid transporter B(0) isoform X1 [KO:K05616 ]
119810272 Slc6a19; sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter B(0)AT1 [KO:K05334 ]
119804212 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 4F2 cell-surface antigen heavy chain-like [KO:K06519 ]
119800143 Slc7a8; large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 2 [KO:K13781 ]
119809723 Slc36a4; proton-coupled amino acid transporter 4 isoform X1 [KO:K14209 ]
119812807 Slc36a1; proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1 isoform X1 [KO:K14209 ]
119806419 Slc3a1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: neutral and basic amino acid transport protein rBAT [KO:K14210 ]
119811687 Col1a1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: collagen alpha-1(I) chain [KO:K06236 ]
119822685 Col2a1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: collagen alpha-1(II) chain [KO:K19719 ]
119804378 Col4a6; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: collagen alpha-6(IV) chain [KO:K06237 ]
119820836 Col4a3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: collagen alpha-3(IV) chain [KO:K06237 ]
119824779 Col8a1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: collagen alpha-1(VIII) chain [KO:K23455 ]
119823741 Col9a1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: collagen alpha-1(IX) chain [KO:K08131 ]
119823333 Col13a1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: collagen alpha-1(XIII) chain [KO:K16617 ]
119806333 Col17a1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: collagen alpha-1(XVII) chain [KO:K07603 ]
119800682 Col25a1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: collagen alpha-1(XXV) chain [KO:K24356 ]
119807461 Col28a1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: collagen alpha-1(XXVIII) chain [KO:K23619 ]
Compound
C05996 Branched chain fatty acid
Reference
Authors
Broer S
Title
Amino acid transport across mammalian intestinal and renal epithelia.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Palacin M, Nunes V, Font-Llitjos M, Jimenez-Vidal M, Fort J, Gasol E, Pineda M, Feliubadalo L, Chillaron J, Zorzano A
Title
The genetics of heteromeric amino acid transporters.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Goodman BE
Title
Insights into digestion and absorption of major nutrients in humans.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Wagner CA, Lang F, Broer S
Title
Function and structure of heterodimeric amino acid transporters.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Broer S
Title
Apical transporters for neutral amino acids: physiology and pathophysiology.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Wu G
Title
Intestinal mucosal amino acid catabolism.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Daniel H
Title
Molecular and integrative physiology of intestinal peptide transport.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Rubio-Aliaga I, Daniel H
Title
Mammalian peptide transporters as targets for drug delivery.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Bai JP
Title
Distribution of brush-border membrane peptidases along the rat intestine.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Guarner F, Malagelada JR
Title
Gut flora in health and disease.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Smith EA, Macfarlane GT
Title
Dissimilatory amino Acid metabolism in human colonic bacteria.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Schepers E, Glorieux G, Vanholder R
Title
The gut: the forgotten organ in uremia?
Journal
Reference
Authors
John H.Cummings
Title
The large intestine in nutrition and disease
Journal
Institut Danone
Reference
Authors
Heitzmann D, Warth R
Title
Physiology and pathophysiology of potassium channels in gastrointestinal epithelia.
Journal
Related pathway
aamp00250 Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
KO pathway
LinkDB
All DBs