KEGG   PATHWAY: achl04110
Entry
achl04110                   Pathway                                
Name
Cell cycle - Acanthisitta chloris (rifleman)
Description
Mitotic cell cycle progression is accomplished through a reproducible sequence of events, DNA replication (S phase) and mitosis (M phase) separated temporally by gaps known as G1 and G2 phases. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are key regulatory enzymes, each consisting of a catalytic CDK subunit and an activating cyclin subunit. CDKs regulate the cell's progression through the phases of the cell cycle by modulating the activity of key substrates. Downstream targets of CDKs include transcription factor E2F and its regulator Rb. Precise activation and inactivation of CDKs at specific points in the cell cycle are required for orderly cell division. Cyclin-CDK inhibitors (CKIs), such as p16Ink4a, p15Ink4b, p27Kip1, and p21Cip1, are involved in the negative regulation of CDK activities, thus providing a pathway through which the cell cycle is negatively regulated.
 Eukaryotic cells respond to DNA damage by activating signaling pathways that promote cell cycle arrest and DNA repair. In response to DNA damage, the checkpoint kinase ATM phosphorylates and activates Chk2, which in turn directly phosphorylates and activates p53 tumor suppressor protein. p53 and its transcriptional targets play an important role in both G1 and G2 checkpoints. ATR-Chk1-mediated protein degradation of Cdc25A protein phosphatase is also a mechanism conferring intra-S-phase checkpoint activation.
Class
Cellular Processes; Cell growth and death
Pathway map
achl04110  Cell cycle
achl04110

Other DBs
GO: 0000278
Organism
Acanthisitta chloris (rifleman) [GN:achl]
Gene
103810712  CCND1; G1/S-specific cyclin-D1 [KO:K04503]
103801578  CCND2; G1/S-specific cyclin-D2 [KO:K10151]
103799979  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: G1/S-specific cyclin-D3-like [KO:K10152]
103798992  CDK6; cyclin-dependent kinase 6 [KO:K02091] [EC:2.7.11.22]
103797711  RB1; retinoblastoma-associated protein [KO:K06618]
103803504  RBL1; retinoblastoma-like protein 1 [KO:K04681]
103807663  RBL2; retinoblastoma-like protein 2 [KO:K16332]
103810632  ABL1; tyrosine-protein kinase ABL1 isoform X1 [KO:K06619] [EC:2.7.10.2]
103805181  histone deacetylase 1 [KO:K06067] [EC:3.5.1.98]
103808384  histone deacetylase 2 [KO:K06067] [EC:3.5.1.98]
103810728  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: transcription factor E2F2-like [KO:K09389]
103812097  E2F3; transcription factor E2F3 [KO:K06620]
103799912  E2F5; transcription factor E2F5 [KO:K04682]
103806262  E2F4; transcription factor E2F4 [KO:K04682]
103797644  TFDP1; transcription factor Dp-1 [KO:K04683]
103803031  TFDP2; transcription factor Dp-2 isoform X1 [KO:K09392]
103801526  glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta [KO:K03083] [EC:2.7.11.26]
103811139  TGFB2; transforming growth factor beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K13376]
103807798  TGFB3; transforming growth factor beta-3 [KO:K13377]
103809583  mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 [KO:K04500]
103809640  mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2-like [KO:K04500]
103808962  SMAD3; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 [KO:K23605]
103809398  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4-like [KO:K04501]
103811486  ZBTB17; zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 17 [KO:K10500]
103811242  CDKN2C; cyclin-dependent kinase 4 inhibitor C [KO:K06622]
103802142  CDKN1B; cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B [KO:K06624]
103806291  CDKN1A; cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 [KO:K06625]
103798235  CCNE1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: G1/S-specific cyclin-E1 [KO:K06626]
103796994  CCNE2; G1/S-specific cyclin-E2 [KO:K06626]
103807215  SKP1; S-phase kinase-associated protein 1 [KO:K03094]
103804006  cullin-1 [KO:K03347]
103803839  RING-box protein 1-like [KO:K03868] [EC:2.3.2.32]
103808307  SKP2; S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 [KO:K03875]
103804288  CCNA2; cyclin-A2 [KO:K06627]
103808638  CCNA1; cyclin-A1 [KO:K06627]
103806735  CDT1; DNA replication factor Cdt1 [KO:K10727]
103802080  ORC1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: origin recognition complex subunit 1 [KO:K02603]
103802232  ORC2; origin recognition complex subunit 2 [KO:K02604]
103810281  ORC3; origin recognition complex subunit 3 [KO:K02605]
103800111  ORC4; origin recognition complex subunit 4 [KO:K02606]
103809485  ORC5; origin recognition complex subunit 5 [KO:K02607]
103807398  ORC6; origin recognition complex subunit 6 [KO:K02608]
103799564  MCM2; DNA replication licensing factor MCM2 [KO:K02540] [EC:5.6.2.3]
103797988  MCM3; DNA replication licensing factor MCM3 [KO:K02541] [EC:5.6.2.3]
103800882  MCM4; DNA replication licensing factor MCM4 [KO:K02212] [EC:5.6.2.3]
103808588  MCM5; DNA replication licensing factor MCM5 [KO:K02209] [EC:5.6.2.3]
103801669  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: DNA replication licensing factor MCM6-like [KO:K02542] [EC:5.6.2.3]
103797843  CDC45; cell division control protein 45 homolog [KO:K06628]
103801184  TICRR; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: treslin [KO:K26117]
103807024  MTBP; mdm2-binding protein [KO:K26116]
103808738  CDC7; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cell division cycle 7-related protein kinase [KO:K02214] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103803306  DBF4; protein DBF4 homolog A [KO:K06629]
103799675  CDK1; cyclin-dependent kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K02087] [EC:2.7.11.22 2.7.11.23]
103808424  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1-like [KO:K05868]
103801751  CCNB2; G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B2 [KO:K21770]
103797343  14-3-3 protein theta-like [KO:K16197]
103809543  YWHAZ; 14-3-3 protein zeta/delta [KO:K16197]
103801879  YWHAB; 14-3-3 protein beta/alpha [KO:K16197]
103806596  YWHAE; 14-3-3 protein epsilon isoform X1 [KO:K06630]
103797193  YWHAG; 14-3-3 protein gamma [KO:K16198]
103805790  YWHAH; 14-3-3 protein eta [KO:K16198]
103807661  PLK1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1 [KO:K06631] [EC:2.7.11.21]
103799579  WEE1; wee1-like protein kinase [KO:K06632] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103811973  wee1-like protein kinase 2 [KO:K06632] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103807588  CCNH; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cyclin-H [KO:K06634]
103810112  CDK7; cyclin-dependent kinase 7 [KO:K02202] [EC:2.7.11.22 2.7.11.23]
103800202  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: anaphase-promoting complex subunit 1-like [KO:K03348]
103809780  ANAPC2; anaphase-promoting complex subunit 2 [KO:K03349]
103799073  CDC27; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cell division cycle protein 27 homolog [KO:K03350]
103802258  ANAPC4; anaphase-promoting complex subunit 4 [KO:K03351]
103801340  ANAPC5; anaphase-promoting complex subunit 5 isoform X1 [KO:K03352]
103804013  CDC16; cell division cycle protein 16 homolog [KO:K03353]
103809026  ANAPC7; anaphase-promoting complex subunit 7 [KO:K03354]
103802522  CDC23; cell division cycle protein 23 homolog [KO:K03355]
103811020  ANAPC10; anaphase-promoting complex subunit 10 [KO:K03357]
103797581  ANAPC13; anaphase-promoting complex subunit 13 [KO:K12456]
103803990  ANAPC15; anaphase-promoting complex subunit 15 [KO:K25228]
103798704  ANAPC16; anaphase-promoting complex subunit 16 isoform X1 [KO:K25229]
103807766  CDC20; cell division cycle protein 20 homolog [KO:K03363]
103800050  PTTG1; securin [KO:K06635]
103806640  SMC1B; structural maintenance of chromosomes protein 1B [KO:K06636]
103810624  SMC3; structural maintenance of chromosomes protein 3 [KO:K06669]
103799720  RAD21; double-strand-break repair protein rad21 homolog [KO:K06670]
103799256  STAG1; cohesin subunit SA-1 isoform X1 [KO:K06671]
103807495  STAG2; cohesin subunit SA-2 isoform X1 [KO:K06671]
103807982  cohesin subunit SA-2-like [KO:K06671]
103802341  ATRX; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: transcriptional regulator ATRX [KO:K10779]
103797553  DDX11; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX11 [KO:K11273] [EC:5.6.2.7]
103803593  MAU2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: MAU2 chromatid cohesion factor homolog [KO:K11266]
103803159  HDAC8; histone deacetylase 8 [KO:K11405] [EC:3.5.1.98]
103798716  ESCO1; N-acetyltransferase ESCO1 [KO:K11268] [EC:2.3.1.-]
103812008  ESCO2; N-acetyltransferase ESCO2 [KO:K11268] [EC:2.3.1.-]
103805594  PDS5B; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: sister chromatid cohesion protein PDS5 homolog B [KO:K11267]
103800806  PDS5A; sister chromatid cohesion protein PDS5 homolog A [KO:K11267]
103811340  WAPAL; wings apart-like protein homolog [KO:K25163]
103800611  SGOL1; shugoshin-like 1 [KO:K11580]
103799810  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
103806196  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
103799059  PPP2R5A; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit alpha isoform [KO:K11584]
103805862  PPP2R5E; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit epsilon isoform isoform X1 [KO:K11584]
103801135  PPP2R5C; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit gamma isoform [KO:K11584]
103803273  PPP2R5D; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K11584]
103802811  NDC80; kinetochore protein NDC80 homolog [KO:K11547]
103800257  CASC5; protein CASC5 [KO:K11542]
103806080  TTK; dual specificity protein kinase TTK [KO:K08866] [EC:2.7.12.1]
103809540  MAD1L1; mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint protein MAD1 [KO:K06679]
103808595  MAD2L1; mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint protein MAD2A [KO:K02537]
103805121  MAD2L2; mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint protein MAD2B [KO:K13728]
103809294  BUB1B; mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine-protein kinase BUB1 beta [KO:K06637] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103809554  BUB3; mitotic checkpoint protein BUB3 [KO:K02180]
103811524  BUB1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine-protein kinase BUB1 [KO:K02178] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103810758  TRIP13; pachytene checkpoint protein 2 homolog [KO:K22399]
103800151  FZR1; fizzy-related protein homolog isoform X1 [KO:K03364]
103809392  FBXO5; F-box only protein 5 [KO:K10292]
103798248  dual specificity protein phosphatase CDC14A-like [KO:K06639] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48]
103799969  dual specificity protein phosphatase CDC14B-like [KO:K06639] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48]
103811286  EP300; histone acetyltransferase p300 [KO:K04498] [EC:2.3.1.48]
103811709  CREBBP; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: CREB-binding protein [KO:K04498] [EC:2.3.1.48]
103806799  PRKDC; DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit [KO:K06642] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103807086  ATR; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: serine/threonine-protein kinase ATR [KO:K06640] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103803496  ATM; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: serine-protein kinase ATM [KO:K04728] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103799310  MDM2; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Mdm2 isoform X1 [KO:K06643] [EC:2.3.2.27]
103806780  GADD45B; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 beta [KO:K04402]
103800185  PCNA; proliferating cell nuclear antigen [KO:K04802]
103804501  SFN; 14-3-3 protein sigma [KO:K06644]
103807438  CHEK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase Chk1 [KO:K02216] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103807248  CHEK2; serine/threonine-protein kinase Chk2 [KO:K06641] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103806323  CDC25A; M-phase inducer phosphatase 1 [KO:K06645] [EC:3.1.3.48]
Reference
PMID:7908906
  Authors
Matsuoka S, Yamaguchi M, Matsukage A
  Title
D-type cyclin-binding regions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 269:11030-6 (1994)
Reference
PMID:8242749
  Authors
Welch PJ, Wang JY
  Title
A C-terminal protein-binding domain in the retinoblastoma protein regulates nuclear c-Abl tyrosine kinase in the cell cycle.
  Journal
Cell 75:779-90 (1993)
DOI:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90497-E
Reference
PMID:16936746
  Authors
Macaluso M, Montanari M, Giordano A
  Title
Rb family proteins as modulators of gene expression and new aspects regarding the interaction with chromatin remodeling enzymes.
  Journal
Oncogene 25:5263-7 (2006)
DOI:10.1038/sj.onc.1209680
Reference
PMID:15838516
  Authors
Cobrinik D
  Title
Pocket proteins and cell cycle control.
  Journal
Oncogene 24:2796-809 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/sj.onc.1208619
Reference
PMID:17568790
  Authors
Boutros R, Lobjois V, Ducommun B
  Title
CDC25 phosphatases in cancer cells: key players? Good targets?
  Journal
Nat Rev Cancer 7:495-507 (2007)
DOI:10.1038/nrc2169
Reference
PMID:9832503
  Authors
Diehl JA, Cheng M, Roussel MF, Sherr CJ
  Title
Glycogen synthase kinase-3beta regulates cyclin D1 proteolysis and subcellular localization.
  Journal
Genes Dev 12:3499-511 (1998)
DOI:10.1101/gad.12.22.3499
Reference
PMID:19020303
  Authors
Klein EA, Assoian RK
  Title
Transcriptional regulation of the cyclin D1 gene at a glance.
  Journal
J Cell Sci 121:3853-7 (2008)
DOI:10.1242/jcs.039131
Reference
PMID:10385618
  Authors
Sherr CJ, Roberts JM
  Title
CDK inhibitors: positive and negative regulators of G1-phase progression.
  Journal
Genes Dev 13:1501-12 (1999)
DOI:10.1101/gad.13.12.1501
Reference
PMID:12809600
  Authors
Shi Y, Massague J.
  Title
Mechanisms of TGF-beta signaling from cell membrane to the nucleus.
  Journal
Cell 113:685-700 (2003)
DOI:10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00432-X
Reference
PMID:12925736
  Authors
Kamura T, Hara T, Kotoshiba S, Yada M, Ishida N, Imaki H, Hatakeyama S, Nakayama K, Nakayama KI
  Title
Degradation of p57Kip2 mediated by SCFSkp2-dependent ubiquitylation.
  Journal
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100:10231-6 (2003)
DOI:10.1073/pnas.1831009100
Reference
PMID:16212951
  Authors
Bond M, Sala-Newby GB, Wu YJ, Newby AC
  Title
Biphasic effect of p21Cip1 on smooth muscle cell proliferation: role of PI 3-kinase and Skp2-mediated degradation.
  Journal
Cardiovasc Res 69:198-206 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.cardiores.2005.08.020
Reference
PMID:15838523
  Authors
Harris SL, Levine AJ.
  Title
The p53 pathway: positive and negative feedback loops.
  Journal
Oncogene 24:2899-908 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/sj.onc.1208615
Reference
PMID:11099028
  Authors
Vogelstein B, Lane D, Levine AJ
  Title
Surfing the p53 network.
  Journal
Nature 408:307-10 (2000)
DOI:10.1038/35042675
Reference
PMID:7973727
  Authors
Smith ML, Chen IT, Zhan Q, Bae I, Chen CY, Gilmer TM, Kastan MB, O'Connor PM, Fornace AJ Jr
  Title
Interaction of the p53-regulated protein Gadd45 with proliferating cell nuclear antigen.
  Journal
Science 266:1376-80 (1994)
DOI:10.1126/science.7973727
Reference
PMID:9889196
  Authors
Petersen BO, Lukas J, Sorensen CS, Bartek J, Helin K
  Title
Phosphorylation of mammalian CDC6 by cyclin A/CDK2 regulates its subcellular localization.
  Journal
EMBO J 18:396-410 (1999)
DOI:10.1093/emboj/18.2.396
Reference
PMID:17018296
  Authors
Sheu YJ, Stillman B
  Title
Cdc7-Dbf4 phosphorylates MCM proteins via a docking site-mediated mechanism to promote S phase progression.
  Journal
Mol Cell 24:101-13 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.molcel.2006.07.033
Reference
PMID:9029154
  Authors
Martinez AM, Afshar M, Martin F, Cavadore JC, Labbe JC, Doree M
  Title
Dual phosphorylation of the T-loop in cdk7: its role in controlling cyclin H binding and CAK activity.
  Journal
EMBO J 16:343-54 (1997)
DOI:10.1093/emboj/16.2.343
Reference
PMID:15876871
  Authors
Lolli G, Johnson LN
  Title
CAK-Cyclin-dependent Activating Kinase: a key kinase in cell cycle control and a target for drugs?
  Journal
Cell Cycle 4:572-7 (2005)
DOI:10.4161/cc.4.4.1607
Reference
PMID:17426725
  Authors
Musacchio A, Salmon ED
  Title
The spindle-assembly checkpoint in space and time.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 8:379-93 (2007)
DOI:10.1038/nrm2163
Reference
PMID:12573239
  Authors
Uhlmann F
  Title
Chromosome cohesion and separation: from men and molecules.
  Journal
Curr Biol 13:R104-14 (2003)
DOI:10.1016/S0960-9822(03)00039-3
Reference
PMID:15568976
  Authors
Stegmeier F, Amon A
  Title
Closing mitosis: the functions of the Cdc14 phosphatase and its regulation.
  Journal
Annu Rev Genet 38:203-32 (2004)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.genet.38.072902.093051
Reference
PMID:9618481
  Authors
Moustakas A, Kardassis D
  Title
Regulation of the human p21/WAF1/Cip1 promoter in hepatic cells by functional interactions between Sp1 and Smad family members.
  Journal
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95:6733-8 (1998)
DOI:10.1073/pnas.95.12.6733
Reference
PMID:26650195
  Authors
de Boer HR, Guerrero Llobet S, van Vugt MA
  Title
Controlling the response to DNA damage by the APC/C-Cdh1.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 73:949-60 (2016)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-015-2096-7
Reference
PMID:20935501
  Authors
Qiao X, Zhang L, Gamper AM, Fujita T, Wan Y
  Title
APC/C-Cdh1: from cell cycle to cellular differentiation and genomic integrity.
  Journal
Cell Cycle 9:3904-12 (2010)
DOI:10.4161/cc.9.19.13585
Related
pathway
achl03030  DNA replication
achl04010  MAPK signaling pathway
achl04120  Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis
achl04210  Apoptosis
KO pathway
ko04110   
LinkDB

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