KEGG   PATHWAY: dcr00900
Entry
dcr00900                    Pathway                                
Name
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis - Daucus carota (carrot)
Description
Terpenoids, also known as isoprenoids, are a large class of natural products consisting of isoprene (C5) units. There are two biosynthetic pathways, the mevalonate pathway [MD:M00095] and the non-mevalonate pathway or the MEP/DOXP pathway [MD:M00096], for the terpenoid building blocks: isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP). The action of prenyltransferases then generates higher-order building blocks: geranyl diphosphate (GPP), farsenyl diphosphate (FPP), and geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP), which are the precursors of monoterpenoids (C10), sesquiterpenoids (C15), and diterpenoids (C20), respectively. Condensation of these building blocks gives rise to the precursors of sterols (C30) and carotenoids (C40). The MEP/DOXP pathway is absent in higher animals and fungi, but in green plants the MEP/DOXP and mevalonate pathways co-exist in separate cellular compartments. The MEP/DOXP pathway, operating in the plastids, is responsible for the formation of essential oil monoterpenes and linalyl acetate, some sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, and carotenoids and phytol. The mevalonate pathway, operating in the cytosol, gives rise to triterpenes, sterols, and most sesquiterpenes.
Class
Metabolism; Metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides
Pathway map
dcr00900  Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
dcr00900

Module
dcr_M00095  C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway [PATH:dcr00900]
dcr_M00096  C5 isoprenoid biosynthesis, non-mevalonate pathway [PATH:dcr00900]
dcr_M00366  C10-C20 isoprenoid biosynthesis, plants [PATH:dcr00900]
Other DBs
GO: 0009240 0016091
Organism
Daucus carota (carrot) [GN:dcr]
Gene
108210823  probable 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase 2, chloroplastic [KO:K01662] [EC:2.2.1.7]
108218939  probable 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase 2, chloroplastic [KO:K01662] [EC:2.2.1.7]
108192833  probable 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase, chloroplastic isoform X1 [KO:K01662] [EC:2.2.1.7]
108202654  probable 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase, chloroplastic [KO:K01662] [EC:2.2.1.7]
108196592  1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase, chloroplastic [KO:K00099] [EC:1.1.1.267]
108214287  2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate cytidylyltransferase, chloroplastic [KO:K00991] [EC:2.7.7.60]
108192279  2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate cytidylyltransferase, chloroplastic [KO:K00991] [EC:2.7.7.60]
108206067  4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol kinase, chloroplastic/chromoplastic [KO:K00919] [EC:2.7.1.148]
108206051  2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthase, chloroplastic [KO:K01770] [EC:4.6.1.12]
108209472  4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate synthase (ferredoxin), chloroplastic [KO:K03526] [EC:1.17.7.1 1.17.7.3]
108218993  4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate synthase (ferredoxin), chloroplastic [KO:K03526] [EC:1.17.7.1 1.17.7.3]
108228008  4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate reductase, chloroplastic [KO:K03527] [EC:1.17.7.4]
108228046  4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate reductase, chloroplastic [KO:K03527] [EC:1.17.7.4]
108200992  4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate reductase, chloroplastic-like isoform X1 [KO:K03527] [EC:1.17.7.4]
108210032  acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 2 [KO:K00626] [EC:2.3.1.9]
108222890  acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K00626] [EC:2.3.1.9]
108224323  acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 2 [KO:K00626] [EC:2.3.1.9]
108210207  hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase [KO:K01641] [EC:2.3.3.10]
108211606  3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase 1 [KO:K00021] [EC:1.1.1.34]
108221269  3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase 2 [KO:K00021] [EC:1.1.1.34]
108223417  3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase 1 [KO:K00021] [EC:1.1.1.34]
108200591  mevalonate kinase isoform X1 [KO:K00869] [EC:2.7.1.36]
108204952  phosphomevalonate kinase, peroxisomal isoform X1 [KO:K00938] [EC:2.7.4.2]
108199769  phosphomevalonate kinase, peroxisomal [KO:K00938] [EC:2.7.4.2]
108207559  diphosphomevalonate decarboxylase 2 [KO:K01597] [EC:4.1.1.33]
108200374  isopentenyl phosphate kinase [KO:K06981] [EC:2.7.4.26]
108215692  isopentenyl-diphosphate Delta-isomerase I [KO:K01823] [EC:5.3.3.2]
108219876  farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase [KO:K00787] [EC:2.5.1.1 2.5.1.10]
108206999  solanesyl-diphosphate synthase 1, mitochondrial [KO:K14066] [EC:2.5.1.1]
108219959  solanesyl diphosphate synthase 3, chloroplastic/mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K14066] [EC:2.5.1.1]
108210173  geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase, chloroplastic [KO:K13789] [EC:2.5.1.1 2.5.1.10 2.5.1.29]
108218468  geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase, chloroplastic [KO:K13789] [EC:2.5.1.1 2.5.1.10 2.5.1.29]
108220564  heterodimeric geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase small subunit, chloroplastic [KO:K13789] [EC:2.5.1.1 2.5.1.10 2.5.1.29]
108222738  geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase, chloroplastic [KO:K13789] [EC:2.5.1.1 2.5.1.10 2.5.1.29]
108222283  geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase 7, chloroplastic-like [KO:K13789] [EC:2.5.1.1 2.5.1.10 2.5.1.29]
108227321  heterodimeric geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase small subunit, chloroplastic [KO:K13789] [EC:2.5.1.1 2.5.1.10 2.5.1.29]
108197999  geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase, chloroplastic [KO:K13789] [EC:2.5.1.1 2.5.1.10 2.5.1.29]
108220839  solanesyl diphosphate synthase 1, chloroplastic [KO:K05356] [EC:2.5.1.84 2.5.1.85]
108224138  solanesyl diphosphate synthase 2, chloroplastic [KO:K05356] [EC:2.5.1.84 2.5.1.85]
108216475  cis-prenyltransferase 4, chloroplastic isoform X1 [KO:K11778] [EC:2.5.1.87]
108219788  dehydrodolichyl diphosphate synthase CPT3 [KO:K11778] [EC:2.5.1.87]
108220345  dehydrodolichyl diphosphate synthase CPT3 [KO:K11778] [EC:2.5.1.87]
108227605  uncharacterized protein LOC108227605 isoform X1 [KO:K11778] [EC:2.5.1.87]
108223574  uncharacterized protein LOC108223574 [KO:K11778] [EC:2.5.1.87]
108195524  dehydrodolichyl diphosphate synthase 2 [KO:K11778] [EC:2.5.1.87]
108202207  uncharacterized protein LOC108202207 [KO:K11778] [EC:2.5.1.87]
108202914  uncharacterized protein LOC108202914 [KO:K11778] [EC:2.5.1.87]
108220046  geranylgeranyl diphosphate reductase, chloroplastic [KO:K10960] [EC:1.3.1.83 1.3.1.111]
108195887  geranylgeranyl diphosphate reductase, chloroplastic [KO:K10960] [EC:1.3.1.83 1.3.1.111]
108224147  (+)-epi-alpha-bisabolol synthase-like [KO:K12742] [EC:4.2.3.27]
108192517  probable terpene synthase 12 [KO:K12742] [EC:4.2.3.27]
108206860  protein farnesyltransferase/geranylgeranyltransferase type-1 subunit alpha [KO:K05955] [EC:2.5.1.58 2.5.1.59]
108219387  protein farnesyltransferase subunit beta [KO:K05954] [EC:2.5.1.58]
108211722  CAAX prenyl protease 2 isoform X1 [KO:K08658] [EC:3.4.26.1]
108209109  CAAX prenyl protease 1 homolog [KO:K06013] [EC:3.4.24.84]
108196804  CAAX prenyl protease 1 homolog [KO:K06013] [EC:3.4.24.84]
108194218  protein-S-isoprenylcysteine O-methyltransferase A [KO:K00587] [EC:2.1.1.100]
108197790  protein-S-isoprenylcysteine O-methyltransferase A [KO:K00587] [EC:2.1.1.100]
108210803  isoprenylcysteine alpha-carbonyl methylesterase ICME [KO:K15889] [EC:3.1.1.-]
108210134  probable isoprenylcysteine alpha-carbonyl methylesterase ICMEL2 isoform X1 [KO:K15889] [EC:3.1.1.-]
108226355  farnesylcysteine lyase [KO:K05906] [EC:1.8.3.5 1.8.3.6]
108224131  uncharacterized protein LOC108224131 [KO:K15891] [EC:1.1.1.354]
108224133  uncharacterized protein LOC108224133 [KO:K15891] [EC:1.1.1.354]
108215602  probable phytol kinase 3, chloroplastic [KO:K15892] [EC:2.7.1.216]
108223537  farnesol kinase, chloroplastic [KO:K15892] [EC:2.7.1.216]
Compound
C00022  Pyruvate
C00024  Acetyl-CoA
C00118  D-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
C00129  Isopentenyl diphosphate
C00235  Dimethylallyl diphosphate
C00332  Acetoacetyl-CoA
C00341  Geranyl diphosphate
C00353  Geranylgeranyl diphosphate
C00356  (S)-3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA
C00418  (R)-Mevalonate
C00448  trans,trans-Farnesyl diphosphate
C01107  (R)-5-Phosphomevalonate
C01126  (2E,6E)-Farnesol
C01143  (R)-5-Diphosphomevalonate
C01230  all-trans-Hexaprenyl diphosphate
C02321  cis-1,4-Polyisoprene
C03461  2-trans,6-trans-Farnesal
C04145  all-trans-Nonaprenyl diphosphate
C04146  all-trans-Octaprenyl diphosphate
C04216  all-trans-Heptaprenyl diphosphate
C04506  Protein C-terminal S-farnesyl-L-cysteine
C04574  di-trans,poly-cis-Undecaprenyl diphosphate
C04748  Protein C-terminal S-farnesyl-L-cysteine methyl ester
C05427  Phytyl diphosphate
C05859  ditrans,polycis-Polyprenyl diphosphate
C06081  Polyprenol
C11434  2-C-Methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate
C11435  4-(Cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol
C11436  2-Phospho-4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol
C11437  1-Deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate
C11453  2-C-Methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate
C11811  1-Hydroxy-2-methyl-2-butenyl 4-diphosphate
C16521  Isoprene
C16826  2-cis,6-trans-Farnesyl diphosphate
C17432  all-trans-Decaprenyl diphosphate
C18321  trans,octacis-Decaprenyl diphosphate
C19691  Farnesylcysteine
C19760  2-cis,6-cis-Farnesyl diphosphate
C19852  tritrans,heptacis-Undecaprenyl diphosphate
C19853  trans,polycis-Polyprenyl diphosphate
C20120  S-Farnesyl protein
C20121  trans,trans-Farnesyl phosphate
C20345  Isopentenyl phosphate
C20847  (R)-Mevalonate 3-phosphate
C20848  (R)-Mevalonate 3,5-bisphosphate
C22453  trans-Anhydromevalonate 5-phosphate
Reference
  Authors
Lange BM, Ghassemian M.
  Title
Genome organization in Arabidopsis thaliana: a survey for genes involved in isoprenoid and chlorophyll metabolism.
  Journal
Plant Mol Biol 51:925-48 (2003)
DOI:10.1023/A:1023005504702
Reference
  Authors
Saiki R, Nagata A, Kainou T, Matsuda H, Kawamukai M
  Title
Characterization of solanesyl and decaprenyl diphosphate synthases in mice and humans.
  Journal
FEBS J 272:5606-22 (2005)
DOI:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2005.04956.x
Reference
PMID:9858571
  Authors
Sato M, Sato K, Nishikawa S, Hirata A, Kato J, Nakano A
  Title
The yeast RER2 gene, identified by endoplasmic reticulum protein localization mutations, encodes cis-prenyltransferase, a key enzyme in dolichol synthesis.
  Journal
Mol Cell Biol 19:471-83 (1999)
DOI:10.1128/MCB.19.1.471
Reference
  Authors
Vannice JC, Skaff DA, Keightley A, Addo JK, Wyckoff GJ, Miziorko HM
  Title
Identification in Haloferax volcanii of phosphomevalonate decarboxylase and isopentenyl phosphate kinase as catalysts of the terminal enzyme reactions in an  archaeal alternate mevalonate pathway.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 196:1055-63 (2014)
DOI:10.1128/JB.01230-13
Related
pathway
dcr00010  Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
dcr00100  Steroid biosynthesis
dcr00130  Ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis
dcr00270  Cysteine and methionine metabolism
dcr00510  N-Glycan biosynthesis
dcr00902  Monoterpenoid biosynthesis
dcr00904  Diterpenoid biosynthesis
dcr00906  Carotenoid biosynthesis
dcr00908  Zeatin biosynthesis
dcr00909  Sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis
KO pathway
ko00900   
LinkDB

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