KEGG   PATHWAY: gat00260
Entry
gat00260                    Pathway                                
Name
Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism - Gasterosteus aculeatus (three-spined stickleback)
Description
Serine is derived from 3-phospho-D-glycerate, an intermediate of glycolysis [MD:M00020], and glycine is derived from serine. Threonine is an essential amino acid, which animals cannot synthesize. In bacteria and plants, threonine is derived from aspartate [MD:M00018].
Class
Metabolism; Amino acid metabolism
Pathway map
gat00260  Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism
gat00260

Module
gat_M00020  Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:gat00260]
gat_M00047  Creatine pathway [PATH:gat00260]
gat_M00338  Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:gat00260]
gat_M00555  Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:gat00260]
gat_M00621  Glycine cleavage system [PATH:gat00260]
gat_M00974  Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:gat00260]
Other DBs
GO: 0006544 0006563 0070178 0006566
Organism
Gasterosteus aculeatus (three-spined stickleback) [GN:gat]
Gene
120819528  probable low-specificity L-threonine aldolase 2 [KO:K01620] [EC:4.1.2.48]
120819529  probable low-specificity L-threonine aldolase 2 [KO:K01620] [EC:4.1.2.48]
120835230  shmt2; serine hydroxymethyltransferase, mitochondrial [KO:K00600] [EC:2.1.2.1]
120827416  shmt1; serine hydroxymethyltransferase, cytosolic isoform X1 [KO:K00600] [EC:2.1.2.1]
120823713  agxta; alanine--glyoxylate and serine--pyruvate aminotransferase a [KO:K00830] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.45 2.6.1.51]
120815749  agxtb; alanine--glyoxylate and serine--pyruvate aminotransferase b [KO:K00830] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.45 2.6.1.51]
120816868  grhpra; glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase [KO:K00049] [EC:1.1.1.79 1.1.1.81]
120825620  grhprb; glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase b [KO:K00049] [EC:1.1.1.79 1.1.1.81]
120835607  glyctk; glycerate kinase [KO:K11529] [EC:2.7.1.165]
120832078  pgam2; phosphoglycerate mutase 2 [KO:K01834] [EC:5.4.2.11]
120824818  pgam1b; phosphoglycerate mutase 1b [KO:K01834] [EC:5.4.2.11]
120820691  phosphoglycerate mutase 1-like [KO:K01834] [EC:5.4.2.11]
120809117  bpgm; bisphosphoglycerate mutase [KO:K01837] [EC:5.4.2.4 5.4.2.11]
120833834  phgdh; D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase [KO:K00058] [EC:1.1.1.95 1.1.1.399]
120831154  psat1; phosphoserine aminotransferase [KO:K00831] [EC:2.6.1.52]
120835529  psph; phosphoserine phosphatase [KO:K01079] [EC:3.1.3.3]
120827854  gcat; 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate coenzyme A ligase, mitochondrial [KO:K00639] [EC:2.3.1.29]
120832456  tdh2; L-threonine dehydrogenase 2 [KO:K15789] [EC:1.1.1.103]
120807878  tdh; L-threonine dehydrogenase isoform X1 [KO:K15789] [EC:1.1.1.103]
120819384  L-threonine 3-dehydrogenase, mitochondrial-like [KO:K15789] [EC:1.1.1.103]
120835380  alas1; 5-aminolevulinate synthase, nonspecific, mitochondrial [KO:K00643] [EC:2.3.1.37]
120829692  alas2; 5-aminolevulinate synthase, erythroid-specific, mitochondrial [KO:K00643] [EC:2.3.1.37]
120828861  5-aminolevulinate synthase, nonspecific, mitochondrial-like [KO:K00643] [EC:2.3.1.37]
120832357  si:ch211-127i16.2; probable flavin-containing monoamine oxidase A isoform X1 [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
120834391  mao; amine oxidase [flavin-containing] isoform X1 [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
120827137  aoc2; retina-specific copper amine oxidase [KO:K00276] [EC:1.4.3.21]
120830371  gldc; glycine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating), mitochondrial [KO:K00281] [EC:1.4.4.2]
120829029  amt; aminomethyltransferase, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00605] [EC:2.1.2.10]
120808593  dldh; dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, mitochondrial [KO:K00382] [EC:1.8.1.4]
120834015  gcshb; glycine cleavage system protein H (aminomethyl carrier), b [KO:K02437]
120808790  glycine cleavage system H protein, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02437]
120812243  glycine cleavage system H protein, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02437]
120831316  D-amino-acid oxidase-like [KO:K00273] [EC:1.4.3.3]
120831469  alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K00827] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.40]
120831470  alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K00827] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.40]
120810358  gatm; glycine amidinotransferase, mitochondrial [KO:K00613] [EC:2.1.4.1]
120824493  gamt; guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase [KO:K00542] [EC:2.1.1.2]
120829873  chdh; choline dehydrogenase, mitochondrial [KO:K00108] [EC:1.1.99.1]
120823954  aldh7a1; alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase [KO:K14085] [EC:1.2.1.31 1.2.1.8 1.2.1.3]
120830956  betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1-like [KO:K00544] [EC:2.1.1.5]
120830957  betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1-like [KO:K00544] [EC:2.1.1.5]
120831287  betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1-like [KO:K00544] [EC:2.1.1.5]
120832005  bhmt; betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1 [KO:K00544] [EC:2.1.1.5]
120832186  dmgdh; dimethylglycine dehydrogenase, mitochondrial [KO:K00315] [EC:1.5.8.4]
120829841  pipox; peroxisomal sarcosine oxidase isoform X1 [KO:K00306] [EC:1.5.3.1 1.5.3.7]
120832222  sardh; sarcosine dehydrogenase, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00314] [EC:1.5.8.3]
120832577  gnmt; glycine N-methyltransferase [KO:K00552] [EC:2.1.1.20]
120824289  cystathionine beta-synthase-like protein [KO:K01697] [EC:4.2.1.22]
120824201  cystathionine gamma-lyase-like [KO:K01758] [EC:4.4.1.1]
120821051  L-threonine ammonia-lyase isoform X1 [KO:K01754] [EC:4.3.1.19]
120832572  sdsl; serine dehydratase-like [KO:K17989] [EC:4.3.1.17 4.3.1.19]
120830334  L-serine dehydratase/L-threonine deaminase-like [KO:K17989] [EC:4.3.1.17 4.3.1.19]
120816031  zgc:162816; D-threo-3-hydroxyaspartate dehydratase [KO:K20498] [EC:4.3.1.18]
Compound
C00011  CO2
C00014  Ammonia
C00022  Pyruvate
C00037  Glycine
C00048  Glyoxylate
C00049  L-Aspartate
C00065  L-Serine
C00078  L-Tryptophan
C00097  L-Cysteine
C00101  Tetrahydrofolate
C00109  2-Oxobutanoate
C00114  Choline
C00143  5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate
C00168  Hydroxypyruvate
C00188  L-Threonine
C00197  3-Phospho-D-glycerate
C00213  Sarcosine
C00258  D-Glycerate
C00263  L-Homoserine
C00300  Creatine
C00430  5-Aminolevulinate
C00441  L-Aspartate 4-semialdehyde
C00546  Methylglyoxal
C00576  Betaine aldehyde
C00581  Guanidinoacetate
C00631  2-Phospho-D-glycerate
C00719  Betaine
C00740  D-Serine
C00986  1,3-Diaminopropane
C01005  O-Phospho-L-serine
C01026  N,N-Dimethylglycine
C01102  O-Phospho-L-homoserine
C01242  [Protein]-S8-aminomethyldihydrolipoyllysine
C01888  Aminoacetone
C02051  Lipoylprotein
C02291  L-Cystathionine
C02737  Phosphatidylserine
C02972  Dihydrolipoylprotein
C03082  4-Phospho-L-aspartate
C03194  (R)-1-Aminopropan-2-ol
C03232  3-Phosphonooxypyruvate
C03283  L-2,4-Diaminobutanoate
C03508  L-2-Amino-3-oxobutanoic acid
C05519  L-Allothreonine
C06231  Ectoine
C06442  N(gamma)-Acetyldiaminobutyrate
C16432  5-Hydroxyectoine
C19929  N(alpha)-Acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutyrate
Reference
  Authors
Nishizuka Y, Seyama Y, Ikai A, Ishimura Y, Kawaguchi A (eds).
  Title
[Cellular Functions and Metabolic Maps] (In Japanese)
  Journal
Tokyo Kagaku Dojin (1997)
Reference
PMID:11823218
  Authors
Kuhlmann AU, Bremer E.
  Title
Osmotically regulated synthesis of the compatible solute ectoine in Bacillus pasteurii and related Bacillus spp.
  Journal
Appl Environ Microbiol 68:772-83 (2002)
DOI:10.1128/AEM.68.2.772-783.2002
Reference
PMID:10473374
  Authors
Canovas D, Borges N, Vargas C, Ventosa A, Nieto JJ, Santos H.
  Title
Role of Ngamma-acetyldiaminobutyrate as an enzyme stabilizer and an intermediate in the biosynthesis of hydroxyectoine.
  Journal
Appl Environ Microbiol 65:3774-9 (1999)
DOI:10.1128/AEM.65.9.3774-3779.1999
Reference
PMID:17636255
  Authors
Bursy J, Pierik AJ, Pica N, Bremer E.
  Title
Osmotically induced synthesis of the compatible solute hydroxyectoine is mediated by an evolutionarily conserved ectoine hydroxylase.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 282:31147-55 (2007)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M704023200
Reference
PMID:16707670
  Authors
Garcia-Estepa R, Argandona M, Reina-Bueno M, Capote N, Iglesias-Guerra F, Nieto JJ, Vargas C.
  Title
The ectD gene, which is involved in the synthesis of the compatible solute hydroxyectoine, is essential for thermoprotection of the halophilic bacterium Chromohalobacter salexigens.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 188:3774-84 (2006)
DOI:10.1128/JB.00136-06
Reference
PMID:15470257
  Authors
Arevalo-Rodriguez M, Pan X, Boeke JD, Heitman J
  Title
FKBP12 controls aspartate pathway flux in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to prevent toxic intermediate accumulation.
  Journal
Eukaryot Cell 3:1287-96 (2004)
DOI:10.1128/EC.3.5.1287-1296.2004
Reference
PMID:7639721
  Authors
Rees WD, Hay SM
  Title
The biosynthesis of threonine by mammalian cells: expression of a complete bacterial biosynthetic pathway in an animal cell.
  Journal
Biochem J 309 ( Pt 3):999-1007 (1995)
DOI:10.1042/bj3090999
Reference
PMID:11341914
  Authors
Jacques SL, Nieman C, Bareich D, Broadhead G, Kinach R, Honek JF, Wright GD
  Title
Characterization of yeast homoserine dehydrogenase, an antifungal target: the invariant histidine 309 is important for enzyme integrity.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1544:28-41 (2001)
DOI:10.1016/S0167-4838(00)00203-X
Reference
PMID:15520012
  Authors
Chen X, Jhee KH, Kruger WD
  Title
Production of the neuromodulator H2S by cystathionine beta-synthase via the condensation of cysteine and homocysteine.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 279:52082-6 (2004)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.C400481200
Related
pathway
gat00010  Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
gat00020  Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
gat00230  Purine metabolism
gat00250  Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
gat00270  Cysteine and methionine metabolism
gat00290  Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis
gat00330  Arginine and proline metabolism
gat00470  D-Amino acid metabolism
gat00564  Glycerophospholipid metabolism
gat00600  Sphingolipid metabolism
gat00620  Pyruvate metabolism
gat00630  Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism
gat00640  Propanoate metabolism
gat00860  Porphyrin metabolism
gat00920  Sulfur metabolism
KO pathway
ko00260   
LinkDB

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