KEGG   PATHWAY: mni04970
Entry
mni04970                    Pathway                                
Name
Salivary secretion - Macaca nemestrina (pig-tailed macaque)
Description
Saliva has manifold functions in maintaining the integrity of the oral tissues, in protecting teeth from caries, in the tasting and ingestion of food, in speech and in the tolerance of tenures, for example. Salivary secretion occurs in response to stimulation by neurotransmitters released from autonomic nerve endings. There are two secretory pathways: protein exocytosis and fluid secretion. Sympathetic stimulation leads to the activation of adenylate cyclase and accumulation of intracellular cAMP. The elevation of cAMP causes the secretion of proteins such as amylase and mucin. In contrast, parasympathetic stimulation activates phospholipase C and causes the elevation of intracellular Ca2+, which leads to fluid secretion; that is, water and ion transport. Ca2+ also induces amylase secretion, but the amount is smaller than that induced by cAMP.
Class
Organismal Systems; Digestive system
Pathway map
mni04970  Salivary secretion
mni04970

Other DBs
GO: 0046541
Organism
Macaca nemestrina (pig-tailed macaque) [GN:mni]
Gene
105467024  ADRB1; beta-1 adrenergic receptor [KO:K04141]
105466896  ADRB2; beta-2 adrenergic receptor isoform X2 [KO:K04142]
105476576  ADRB3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: beta-3 adrenergic receptor [KO:K04143]
105470579  neuroendocrine secretory protein 55 [KO:K04632]
105470577  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms XLas isoform X1 [KO:K04632]
105494232  ADCY1; adenylate cyclase type 1 [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
105489474  ADCY2; adenylate cyclase type 2 [KO:K08042] [EC:4.6.1.1]
105479810  ADCY3; adenylate cyclase type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K08043] [EC:4.6.1.1]
105477872  ADCY4; adenylate cyclase type 4 isoform X1 [KO:K08044] [EC:4.6.1.1]
105470270  ADCY5; adenylate cyclase type 5 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
105492900  ADCY6; adenylate cyclase type 6 [KO:K08046] [EC:4.6.1.1]
105492251  ADCY7; adenylate cyclase type 7 [KO:K08047] [EC:4.6.1.1]
105492815  ADCY8; adenylate cyclase type 8 isoform X1 [KO:K08048] [EC:4.6.1.1]
105467851  ADCY9; adenylate cyclase type 9 isoform X1 [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]
105498103  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
105491778  PRKACG; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit gamma [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
105482741  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
105473909  VAMP2; vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 [KO:K13504]
105482022  ADRA1A; alpha-1A adrenergic receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04135]
105482341  ADRA1B; alpha-1B adrenergic receptor isoform X2 [KO:K04136]
105481571  ADRA1D; alpha-1D adrenergic receptor [KO:K04137]
105474633  CHRM3; muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 [KO:K04131]
105498714  GNAQ; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634]
105469511  PLCB3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
105481530  PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
105481533  PLCB1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
105492354  PLCB2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
105469029  PRKCA; protein kinase C alpha type isoform X1 [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
105485029  PRKCB; protein kinase C beta type isoform X1 [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
105497021  PRKCG; protein kinase C gamma type [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
105477623  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
105492154  ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04959]
105474470  ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 [KO:K04960]
105463656  RYR3; ryanodine receptor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04963]
105464979  CALM2; calmodulin-2 [KO:K02183]
105496718  CALML6; calmodulin-like protein 6 isoform X1 [KO:K02183]
105488029  CALML4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calmodulin-like protein 4 [KO:K02183]
105478585  CALM3; calmodulin-3 isoform X1 [KO:K02183]
105467562  CALM1; calmodulin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K02183]
105483519  calmodulin-like [KO:K02183]
105492388  calmodulin-like [KO:K02183]
105494378  CALML3; calmodulin-like protein 3 [KO:K02183]
105494380  CALML5; calmodulin-like protein 5 [KO:K02183]
105495113  NOS1; nitric oxide synthase, brain isoform X1 [KO:K13240] [EC:1.14.13.39]
105488610  GUCY1A1; guanylate cyclase soluble subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K12318] [EC:4.6.1.2]
105493756  GUCY1A2; guanylate cyclase soluble subunit alpha-2 [KO:K12318] [EC:4.6.1.2]
105488612  GUCY1B1; guanylate cyclase soluble subunit beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K12319] [EC:4.6.1.2]
105490737  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: guanylate cyclase soluble subunit beta-2-like [KO:K12319] [EC:4.6.1.2]
105481070  PRKG1; cGMP-dependent protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K07376] [EC:2.7.11.12]
105463319  PRKG2; cGMP-dependent protein kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K19477] [EC:2.7.11.12]
105487906  CD38; ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1 [KO:K01242] [EC:3.2.2.6 2.4.99.20]
105487910  BST1; ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K18152] [EC:3.2.2.6 2.4.99.20]
105466362  BEST2; bestrophin-2 [KO:K13879]
105492860  AQP5; aquaporin-5 [KO:K09867]
105495619  ATP1A3; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
105498164  sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
105498166  sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
105479125  ATP1A1; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
105473682  ATP1B2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2 [KO:K01540]
105468413  ATP1B4; protein ATP1B4 isoform X1 [KO:K01540]
105469989  ATP1B3; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K01540]
105493025  ATP1B1; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1 [KO:K01540]
105476427  FXYD2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K01538]
105477698  ATP2B2; plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
105467336  ATP2B3; plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
105483759  ATP2B1; plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
105484775  ATP2B4; plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 4 isoform X1 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
105467228  SLC12A2; solute carrier family 12 member 2 isoform X1 [KO:K10951]
105463841  KCNN4; intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K04945]
105465975  KCNMA1; calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04936]
105474906  SLC4A2; anion exchange protein 2 [KO:K13855]
105494527  SLC9A1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: sodium/hydrogen exchanger 1 [KO:K05742]
105471197  TRPV6; transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 6 isoform X1 [KO:K04975]
105469836  MUC5AC; mucin-5AC [KO:K13908]
105469835  mucin-5B [KO:K13908]
105477335  MUC7; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: mucin-7 [KO:K13909]
105489186  pancreatic alpha-amylase [KO:K01176] [EC:3.2.1.1]
105499952  salivary acidic proline-rich phosphoprotein 1/2 isoform X1 [KO:K13910]
105471399  DMBT1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: deleted in malignant brain tumors 1 protein [KO:K13912]
105471404  deleted in malignant brain tumors 1 protein-like [KO:K13912]
105486746  cystatin-SA-like [KO:K13898]
105486753  uncharacterized protein LOC105486753 isoform X1 [KO:K13898]
105486751  CST3; cystatin-C [KO:K13899]
105486750  cystatin-D-like [KO:K13901]
105477348  histatin-1 [KO:K13913]
105477350  HTN1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: histatin-1 [KO:K13913]
105473482  LYZ; lysozyme C [KO:K13915] [EC:3.2.1.17]
105476817  LPO; lactoperoxidase [KO:K12550] [EC:1.11.1.7]
105480395  CAMP; cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide [KO:K13916]
Compound
C00001  H2O
C00011  CO2
C00076  Calcium cation
C00080  H+
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00238  Potassium cation
C00288  HCO3-
C00533  Nitric oxide
C00547  L-Noradrenaline
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C00698  Cl-
C00942  3',5'-Cyclic GMP
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C01330  Sodium cation
C01353  Carbonic acid
C01996  Acetylcholine
C13050  Cyclic ADP-ribose
Reference
PMID:16799262
  Authors
Ishikawa Y, Cho G, Yuan Z, Skowronski MT, Pan Y, Ishida H
  Title
Water channels and zymogen granules in salivary glands.
  Journal
J Pharmacol Sci 100:495-512 (2006)
DOI:10.1254/jphs.CRJ06007X
Reference
PMID:16712780
  Authors
Ishikawa Y, Cho G, Yuan Z, Inoue N, Nakae Y
  Title
Aquaporin-5 water channel in lipid rafts of rat parotid glands.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1758:1053-60 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbamem.2006.03.026
Reference
PMID:10682899
  Authors
Ambudkar IS
  Title
Regulation of calcium in salivary gland secretion.
  Journal
Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 11:4-25 (2000)
DOI:10.1177/10454411000110010301
Reference
PMID:10928320
  Authors
Ishikawa Y, Ishida H
  Title
Aquaporin water channel in salivary glands.
  Journal
Jpn J Pharmacol 83:95-101 (2000)
DOI:10.1254/jjp.83.95
Reference
PMID:8105741
  Authors
Baum BJ
  Title
Principles of saliva secretion.
  Journal
Ann N Y Acad Sci 694:17-23 (1993)
DOI:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb18338.x
Reference
PMID:9720759
  Authors
Fujita-Yoshigaki J
  Title
Divergence and convergence in regulated exocytosis: the characteristics of cAMP-dependent enzyme secretion of parotid salivary acinar cells.
  Journal
Cell Signal 10:371-5 (1998)
DOI:10.1016/S0898-6568(97)00178-2
Reference
PMID:18626068
  Authors
Heitzmann D, Warth R
  Title
Physiology and pathophysiology of potassium channels in gastrointestinal epithelia.
  Journal
Physiol Rev 88:1119-82 (2008)
DOI:10.1152/physrev.00020.2007
Reference
PMID:17157080
  Authors
Proctor GB, Carpenter GH
  Title
Regulation of salivary gland function by autonomic nerves.
  Journal
Auton Neurosci 133:3-18 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/j.autneu.2006.10.006
Reference
PMID:11936453
  Authors
Turner RJ, Sugiya H
  Title
Understanding salivary fluid and protein secretion.
  Journal
Oral Dis 8:3-11 (2002)
DOI:10.1034/j.1601-0825.2002.10815.x
Reference
PMID:15153696
  Authors
Van Nieuw Amerongen A, Bolscher JG, Veerman EC
  Title
Salivary proteins: protective and diagnostic value in cariology?
  Journal
Caries Res 38:247-53 (2004)
DOI:10.1159/000077762
Reference
PMID:17347411
  Authors
Nakamoto T, Srivastava A, Romanenko VG, Ovitt CE, Perez-Cornejo P, Arreola J, Begenisich T, Melvin JE
  Title
Functional and molecular characterization of the fluid secretion mechanism in human parotid acinar cells.
  Journal
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 292:R2380-90 (2007)
DOI:10.1152/ajpregu.00591.2006
Reference
PMID:15709965
  Authors
Melvin JE, Yule D, Shuttleworth T, Begenisich T
  Title
Regulation of fluid and electrolyte secretion in salivary gland acinar cells.
  Journal
Annu Rev Physiol 67:445-69 (2005)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.physiol.67.041703.084745
Reference
PMID:20224180
  Authors
Catalan MA, Nakamoto T, Melvin JE
  Title
The salivary gland fluid secretion mechanism.
  Journal
J Med Invest 56 Suppl:192-6 (2009)
DOI:10.2152/jmi.56.192
Related
pathway
mni04020  Calcium signaling pathway
mni04530  Tight junction
mni04973  Carbohydrate digestion and absorption
KO pathway
ko04970   
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