KEGG   PATHWAY: ncar04721
Entry
ncar04721                   Pathway                                
Name
Synaptic vesicle cycle - Sciurus carolinensis (gray squirrel)
Description
Communication between neurons is mediated by the release of neurotransmitter from synaptic vesicles (SVs). At the nerve terminal, SVs cycle through repetitive episodes of exocytosis and endocytosis. SVs are filled with neurotransmitters by active transport. The loaded SVs are then docked at a specialized region of the presynaptic plasma membrane known as the active zone, where they undergo a priming reaction. Upon arrival of an action potential, Ca2+ enters through voltage-gated channels and neurotransmitter is released by exocytosis, usually in less than a millisecond. After fusion, the vesicle is retrieved by endocytosis and reloaded for another round of exocytosis.
Class
Organismal Systems; Nervous system
Pathway map
ncar04721  Synaptic vesicle cycle
ncar04721

Other DBs
GO: 0016079 0048488
Organism
Sciurus carolinensis (gray squirrel) [GN:ncar]
Gene
124977302  vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter [KO:K15015]
124984605  synaptic vesicular amine transporter [KO:K08155]
124983739  chromaffin granule amine transporter-like [KO:K08155]
124985160  vesicular acetylcholine transporter [KO:K14636]
124958036  vesicular glutamate transporter 2 [KO:K12302]
124966886  vesicular glutamate transporter 1 [KO:K12302]
124983425  vesicular glutamate transporter 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12302]
124982561  synaptotagmin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K15290]
124979935  vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 [KO:K13504]
124969337  ras-related protein Rab-3A [KO:K07882]
124989162  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: regulating synaptic membrane exocytosis protein 1-like [KO:K15291]
124970311  syntaxin-1A isoform X1 [KO:K04560]
124958159  syntaxin-3 isoform X1 [KO:K08486]
124990561  syntaxin-2 isoform X1 [KO:K08486]
124967198  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: syntaxin-3-like [KO:K08486]
124970057  syntaxin-1B [KO:K08486]
124964003  syntaxin-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K15292]
124968848  protein unc-13 homolog A isoform X1 [KO:K15293]
124964374  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: protein unc-13 homolog B-like [KO:K15293]
124974360  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: protein unc-13 homolog C-like [KO:K15293]
124976088  synaptosomal-associated protein 25 [KO:K18211]
124994090  complexin-1 [KO:K15294]
124987617  complexin-2 [KO:K15294]
124977064  complexin-3 [KO:K15295]
124965236  complexin-4 [KO:K15295]
124969155  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A-like [KO:K04344]
124964767  voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B [KO:K04849]
124979856  vesicle-fusing ATPase [KO:K06027] [EC:3.6.4.6]
124966299  alpha-soluble NSF attachment protein [KO:K15296]
124961468  dynamin-3 isoform X1 [KO:K01528] [EC:3.6.5.5]
124964402  dynamin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K01528] [EC:3.6.5.5]
124969213  dynamin-2 isoform X1 [KO:K23484] [EC:3.6.5.5]
124964536  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: clathrin light chain A-like [KO:K04644]
124987433  clathrin light chain B isoform X1 [KO:K04645]
124990299  clathrin heavy chain 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04646]
124979220  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: clathrin heavy chain 1-like [KO:K04646]
124958703  AP-2 complex subunit alpha-2 isoform X1 [KO:K11824]
124966761  AP-2 complex subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K11824]
124978862  AP-1 complex subunit beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K11825]
124964474  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: AP-2 complex subunit beta-like [KO:K11825]
124993482  AP-2 complex subunit mu [KO:K11826]
124966408  AP-2 complex subunit sigma isoform X1 [KO:K11827]
124993037  V-type proton ATPase catalytic subunit A [KO:K02145] [EC:7.1.2.2]
124962679  V-type proton ATPase subunit B, kidney isoform [KO:K02147]
124980311  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: V-type proton ATPase subunit B, brain isoform-like [KO:K02147]
124983636  V-type proton ATPase subunit B, brain isoform [KO:K02147]
124958849  V-type proton ATPase subunit C 1 [KO:K02148]
124963712  V-type proton ATPase subunit C 2 isoform X1 [KO:K02148]
124975913  V-type proton ATPase subunit D [KO:K02149]
124962698  V-type proton ATPase subunit E 2-like [KO:K02150]
124982547  V-type proton ATPase subunit E 1 [KO:K02150]
124990678  V-type proton ATPase subunit F [KO:K02151]
124983491  V-type proton ATPase subunit F [KO:K02151]
124995009  V-type proton ATPase subunit G 1-like [KO:K02152]
124987587  V-type proton ATPase subunit G 2-like isoform X1 [KO:K02152]
124988117  V-type proton ATPase subunit G 2 [KO:K02152]
124966755  V-type proton ATPase subunit G 1-like [KO:K02152]
124962337  V-type proton ATPase subunit G 3 [KO:K02152]
124963955  V-type proton ATPase subunit G 1 [KO:K02152]
124987519  V-type proton ATPase subunit e 1 [KO:K02153]
124991939  V-type proton ATPase subunit e 2 [KO:K02153]
124990219  V-type proton ATPase 116 kDa subunit a 2 isoform X1 [KO:K02154]
124990720  V-type proton ATPase 116 kDa subunit a 4 isoform X1 [KO:K02154]
124958896  V-type proton ATPase 116 kDa subunit a 3-like isoform X1 [KO:K02154]
124979733  V-type proton ATPase 116 kDa subunit a 1 isoform X1 [KO:K02154]
124990674  V-type proton ATPase subunit d 2 [KO:K02146]
124967243  V-type proton ATPase subunit d 1 [KO:K02146]
124958379  V-type proton ATPase subunit H isoform X1 [KO:K02144]
124970409  V-type proton ATPase 16 kDa proteolipid subunit c [KO:K02155]
124970482  V-type proton ATPase 16 kDa proteolipid subunit c-like [KO:K02155]
124990881  V-type proton ATPase 21 kDa proteolipid subunit c'' isoform X1 [KO:K03661]
124971117  sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 1 [KO:K05034]
124967582  sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter [KO:K05035]
124987217  sodium-dependent dopamine transporter [KO:K05036]
124980025  sodium-dependent serotonin transporter [KO:K05037]
124958055  sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 2 [KO:K05038]
124978810  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 1-like [KO:K05038]
124987107  sodium-dependent proline transporter [KO:K05040]
124971057  sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05044]
124983528  sodium- and chloride-dependent betaine transporter isoform X1 [KO:K05045]
124982577  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 2-like [KO:K05046]
124964655  excitatory amino acid transporter 3 [KO:K05612]
124958647  excitatory amino acid transporter 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05613]
124986716  excitatory amino acid transporter 1 [KO:K05614]
124968620  excitatory amino acid transporter 4 isoform X1 [KO:K05617]
124984010  excitatory amino acid transporter 5 [KO:K05618]
Compound
C00002  ATP
C00025  L-Glutamate
C00037  Glycine
C00076  Calcium cation
C00080  H+
C00334  4-Aminobutanoate
C00388  Histamine
C00547  L-Noradrenaline
C00780  Serotonin
C01996  Acetylcholine
C03758  Dopamine
C16041  Leu-enkephalin
Reference
PMID:12827282
  Authors
Li L, Chin LS
  Title
The molecular machinery of synaptic vesicle exocytosis.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 60:942-60 (2003)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-003-2240-7
Reference
  Authors
Nestler EJ, Hyman SE, Malenka RC.
  Title
Molecular neuropharmacology: A foundation for clinical neuroscience
  Journal
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (2001)
Reference
PMID:18275379
  Authors
Chapman ER
  Title
How does synaptotagmin trigger neurotransmitter release?
  Journal
Annu Rev Biochem 77:615-41 (2008)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.biochem.77.062005.101135
Reference
PMID:10212473
  Authors
Benfenati F, Onofri F, Giovedi S
  Title
Protein-protein interactions and protein modules in the control of neurotransmitter release.
  Journal
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 354:243-57 (1999)
DOI:10.1098/rstb.1999.0376
Reference
PMID:20634814
  Authors
de Saint Basile G, Menasche G, Fischer A
  Title
Molecular mechanisms of biogenesis and exocytosis of cytotoxic granules.
  Journal
Nat Rev Immunol 10:568-79 (2010)
DOI:10.1038/nri2803
Reference
PMID:17767192
  Authors
Carr CM, Munson M
  Title
Tag team action at the synapse.
  Journal
EMBO Rep 8:834-8 (2007)
DOI:10.1038/sj.embor.7401051
Reference
PMID:15217342
  Authors
Sudhof TC
  Title
The synaptic vesicle cycle.
  Journal
Annu Rev Neurosci 27:509-47 (2004)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.neuro.26.041002.131412
Reference
PMID:12563290
  Authors
Gundelfinger ED, Kessels MM, Qualmann B
  Title
Temporal and spatial coordination of exocytosis and endocytosis.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 4:127-39 (2003)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1016
Reference
PMID:16990140
  Authors
Tang J, Maximov A, Shin OH, Dai H, Rizo J, Sudhof TC
  Title
A complexin/synaptotagmin 1 switch controls fast synaptic vesicle exocytosis.
  Journal
Cell 126:1175-87 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2006.08.030
Reference
PMID:12094216
  Authors
Chapman ER
  Title
Synaptotagmin: a Ca(2+) sensor that triggers exocytosis?
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 3:498-508 (2002)
DOI:10.1038/nrm855
Reference
PMID:7791897
  Authors
Sudhof TC
  Title
The synaptic vesicle cycle: a cascade of protein-protein interactions.
  Journal
Nature 375:645-53 (1995)
DOI:10.1038/375645a0
Reference
PMID:12154365
  Authors
Rizo J, Sudhof TC
  Title
Snares and Munc18 in synaptic vesicle fusion.
  Journal
Nat Rev Neurosci 3:641-53 (2002)
DOI:10.1038/nrn898
Reference
PMID:18726177
  Authors
Malsam J, Kreye S, Sollner TH
  Title
Membrane fusion: SNAREs and regulation.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 65:2814-32 (2008)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-008-8352-3
Related
pathway
ncar04144  Endocytosis
ncar04724  Glutamatergic synapse
ncar04725  Cholinergic synapse
ncar04726  Serotonergic synapse
ncar04727  GABAergic synapse
ncar04728  Dopaminergic synapse
KO pathway
ko04721   
LinkDB

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