KEGG   PATHWAY: oor04730
Entry
oor04730                    Pathway                                
Name
Long-term depression - Orcinus orca (killer whale)
Description
Cerebellar long-term depression (LTD), thought to be a molecular and cellular basis for cerebellar learning, is a process involving a decrease in the synaptic strength between parallel fiber (PF) and Purkinje cells (PCs) induced by the conjunctive activation of PFs and climbing fiber (CF). Multiple signal transduction pathways have been shown to be involved in this process. Activation of PFs terminating on spines in dendritic branchlets leads to glutamate release and activation of both AMPA and mGluRs. Activation of CFs, which make multiple synaptic contacts on proximal dendrites, also via AMPA receptors, opens voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) and causes a generalized influx of calcium. These cellular signals, generated from two different synaptic origins, trigger a cascade of events culminating in a phosphorylation-dependent, long-term reduction in AMPA receptor sensitivity at the PF-PC synapse. This may take place either through receptor internalization and/or through receptor desensitization.
Class
Organismal Systems; Nervous system
Pathway map
oor04730  Long-term depression
oor04730

Other DBs
GO: 0048169
Organism
Orcinus orca (killer whale) [GN:oor]
Gene
101273057  NOS1; nitric oxide synthase, brain [KO:K13240] [EC:1.14.13.39]
101275975  GUCY1A2; guanylate cyclase soluble subunit alpha-2 [KO:K12318] [EC:4.6.1.2]
101279277  GUCY1A1; guanylate cyclase soluble subunit alpha-1 [KO:K12318] [EC:4.6.1.2]
101284510  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: guanylate cyclase soluble subunit beta-2-like [KO:K12319] [EC:4.6.1.2]
101279031  GUCY1B1; guanylate cyclase soluble subunit beta-1 [KO:K12319] [EC:4.6.1.2]
101279276  PRKG1; cGMP-dependent protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K07376] [EC:2.7.11.12]
101280012  PRKG2; cGMP-dependent protein kinase 2 [KO:K19477] [EC:2.7.11.12]
101275431  PPP1R17; protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 17 [KO:K08067]
101274740  PPP2R1A; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65 kDa regulatory subunit A alpha isoform [KO:K03456]
101275690  PPP2R1B; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65 kDa regulatory subunit A beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K03456]
101289109  PPP2CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
101286814  PPP2CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
101282700  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
101271947  GTPase HRas-like isoform X4 [KO:K02833]
101286301  HRAS; GTPase HRas isoform X2 [KO:K02833]
101281897  KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform X2 [KO:K07827]
101276138  NRAS; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
101271966  ARAF; serine/threonine-protein kinase A-Raf isoform X1 [KO:K08845] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101277195  BRAF; serine/threonine-protein kinase B-raf isoform X4 [KO:K04365] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101272984  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101286388  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
101287162  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
101273287  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101289394  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101284427  GRID2; glutamate receptor ionotropic, delta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05207]
101286756  GRM1; metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04603]
101276500  GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630]
101277471  GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-3 [KO:K04630]
101271719  GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630]
101284566  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04534]
101279995  GNAZ; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(z) subunit alpha [KO:K04535]
101286834  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms XLas isoform X2 [KO:K04632]
101282939  neuroendocrine secretory protein 55-like [KO:K04632]
101281075  GNA12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-12 [KO:K04346]
101277931  GNA13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-13 [KO:K04639]
101269805  PLA2G4F; cytosolic phospholipase A2 zeta [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
101270052  PLA2G4E; cytosolic phospholipase A2 epsilon isoform X1 [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
101286206  PLA2G4D; cytosolic phospholipase A2 delta isoform X1 [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
101270543  PLA2G4A; cytosolic phospholipase A2 isoform X1 [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
117195357  PLA2G4B; cytosolic phospholipase A2 beta isoform X1 [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
101276350  PRKCA; protein kinase C alpha type [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
101277002  PRKCB; protein kinase C beta type isoform X1 [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
101276418  PRKCG; protein kinase C gamma type isoform X1 [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
101279781  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04634]
101269696  GNA11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11 [KO:K04635]
101274558  PLCB3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
101270548  PLCB1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
101270961  PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
101281417  PLCB2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 isoform X9 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
101289103  GRIA1; glutamate receptor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05197]
101277565  GRIA2; glutamate receptor 2 isoform X4 [KO:K05198]
101289535  GRIA3; glutamate receptor 3 isoform X2 [KO:K05199]
101280666  LYN; tyrosine-protein kinase Lyn isoform X2 [KO:K05854] [EC:2.7.10.2]
101275783  CACNA1A; voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A isoform X1 [KO:K04344]
101282737  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X2 [KO:K04958]
101281155  ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04959]
101280894  ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04960]
101283632  RYR1; ryanodine receptor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04961]
101269969  CRH; corticoliberin [KO:K05256]
101278576  CRHR1; corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 isoform X4 [KO:K04578]
101269950  IGF1; insulin-like growth factor I isoform X2 [KO:K05459]
101281976  IGF1R; insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor isoform X4 [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
Compound
C00025  L-Glutamate
C00076  Calcium cation
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00219  Arachidonate
C00533  Nitric oxide
C00641  1,2-Diacyl-sn-glycerol
C00942  3',5'-Cyclic GMP
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C01330  Sodium cation
Reference
PMID:12415297
  Authors
Ito M.
  Title
The molecular organization of cerebellar long-term depression.
  Journal
Nat Rev Neurosci 3:896-902 (2002)
DOI:10.1038/nrn962
Reference
PMID:11427694
  Authors
Ito M.
  Title
Cerebellar long-term depression: characterization, signal transduction, and functional roles.
  Journal
Physiol Rev 81:1143-95 (2001)
DOI:10.1152/physrev.2001.81.3.1143
Reference
  Authors
Purves D, Augustine GJ (ed).
  Title
Neuroscience
  Journal
Sunderland, Mass.:Sinauer Associates (2004)
Reference
PMID:9735948
  Authors
Daniel H, Levenes C, Crepel F.
  Title
Cellular mechanisms of cerebellar LTD.
  Journal
Trends Neurosci 21:401-7 (1998)
DOI:10.1016/S0166-2236(98)01304-6
Reference
PMID:9602501
  Authors
Levenes C, Daniel H, Crepel F.
  Title
Long-term depression of synaptic transmission in the cerebellum: cellular and molecular mechanisms revisited.
  Journal
Prog Neurobiol 55:79-91 (1998)
DOI:10.1016/S0301-0082(97)00096-8
Reference
PMID:14509570
  Authors
Metzger F, Kapfhammer JP.
  Title
Protein kinase C: its role in activity-dependent Purkinje cell dendritic development and plasticity.
  Journal
Cerebellum 2:206-14 (2003)
DOI:10.1080/14734220310016150
Related
pathway
oor04020  Calcium signaling pathway
oor04724  Glutamatergic synapse
KO pathway
ko04730   
LinkDB

DBGET integrated database retrieval system