KEGG   PATHWAY: ppad00260
Entry
ppad00260                   Pathway                                
Name
Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism - Panthera pardus (leopard)
Description
Serine is derived from 3-phospho-D-glycerate, an intermediate of glycolysis [MD:M00020], and glycine is derived from serine. Threonine is an essential amino acid, which animals cannot synthesize. In bacteria and plants, threonine is derived from aspartate [MD:M00018].
Class
Metabolism; Amino acid metabolism
Pathway map
ppad00260  Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism
ppad00260

Module
ppad_M00020  Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:ppad00260]
ppad_M00047  Creatine pathway [PATH:ppad00260]
ppad_M00338  Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:ppad00260]
ppad_M00555  Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:ppad00260]
ppad_M00621  Glycine cleavage system [PATH:ppad00260]
ppad_M00974  Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:ppad00260]
Other DBs
GO: 0006544 0006563 0070178 0006566
Organism
Panthera pardus (leopard) [GN:ppad]
Gene
109276857  probable low-specificity L-threonine aldolase 2 [KO:K01620] [EC:4.1.2.48]
109270364  SHMT2; serine hydroxymethyltransferase, mitochondrial [KO:K00600] [EC:2.1.2.1]
109245785  SHMT1; serine hydroxymethyltransferase, cytosolic [KO:K00600] [EC:2.1.2.1]
109264797  AGXT; serine--pyruvate aminotransferase [KO:K00830] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.45 2.6.1.51]
109270134  GRHPR; glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase [KO:K00049] [EC:1.1.1.79 1.1.1.81]
109247901  GLYCTK; glycerate kinase [KO:K11529] [EC:2.7.1.165]
109267911  PGAM2; phosphoglycerate mutase 2 [KO:K01834] [EC:5.4.2.11]
109272718  PGAM1; phosphoglycerate mutase 1 [KO:K01834] [EC:5.4.2.11]
109269034  BPGM; bisphosphoglycerate mutase [KO:K01837] [EC:5.4.2.4 5.4.2.11]
109272162  PHGDH; D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase [KO:K00058] [EC:1.1.1.95 1.1.1.399]
109275359  phosphoserine aminotransferase [KO:K00831] [EC:2.6.1.52]
109250662  PSPH; phosphoserine phosphatase isoform X1 [KO:K01079] [EC:3.1.3.3]
109265549  GCAT; 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate coenzyme A ligase, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00639] [EC:2.3.1.29]
109262385  L-threonine 3-dehydrogenase, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K15789] [EC:1.1.1.103]
109259213  ALAS2; 5-aminolevulinate synthase, erythroid-specific, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00643] [EC:2.3.1.37]
109247892  ALAS1; 5-aminolevulinate synthase, nonspecific, mitochondrial [KO:K00643] [EC:2.3.1.37]
109248044  MAOA; amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A isoform X1 [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
109248045  MAOB; amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
109258539  membrane primary amine oxidase isoform X1 [KO:K00276] [EC:1.4.3.21]
109260125  GLDC; glycine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating), mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00281] [EC:1.4.4.2]
109247802  AMT; aminomethyltransferase, mitochondrial [KO:K00605] [EC:2.1.2.10]
109268057  DLD; dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, mitochondrial [KO:K00382] [EC:1.8.1.4]
109245652  GCSH; glycine cleavage system H protein, mitochondrial [KO:K02437]
109277485  DAO; D-amino-acid oxidase [KO:K00273] [EC:1.4.3.3]
109267716  AGXT2; alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00827] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.40]
109263041  GATM; glycine amidinotransferase, mitochondrial [KO:K00613] [EC:2.1.4.1]
109257654  GAMT; guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase [KO:K00542] [EC:2.1.1.2]
109247931  CHDH; choline dehydrogenase, mitochondrial [KO:K00108] [EC:1.1.99.1]
109250945  ALDH7A1; alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase [KO:K14085] [EC:1.2.1.31 1.2.1.8 1.2.1.3]
109274945  BHMT; betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K00544] [EC:2.1.1.5]
109274942  DMGDH; dimethylglycine dehydrogenase, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00315] [EC:1.5.8.4]
109251823  PIPOX; peroxisomal sarcosine oxidase isoform X1 [KO:K00306] [EC:1.5.3.1 1.5.3.7]
109258271  SARDH; sarcosine dehydrogenase, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00314] [EC:1.5.8.3]
109271639  GNMT; glycine N-methyltransferase isoform X1 [KO:K00552] [EC:2.1.1.20]
109256915  CBS; cystathionine beta-synthase isoform X1 [KO:K01697] [EC:4.2.1.22]
109266691  CTH; cystathionine gamma-lyase [KO:K01758] [EC:4.4.1.1]
109277612  SDSL; serine dehydratase-like isoform X1 [KO:K17989] [EC:4.3.1.17 4.3.1.19]
109277614  SDS; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: L-serine dehydratase/L-threonine deaminase [KO:K17989] [EC:4.3.1.17 4.3.1.19]
109255129  SRR; serine racemase isoform X1 [KO:K12235] [EC:5.1.1.18]
Compound
C00011  CO2
C00014  Ammonia
C00022  Pyruvate
C00037  Glycine
C00048  Glyoxylate
C00049  L-Aspartate
C00065  L-Serine
C00078  L-Tryptophan
C00097  L-Cysteine
C00101  Tetrahydrofolate
C00109  2-Oxobutanoate
C00114  Choline
C00143  5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate
C00168  Hydroxypyruvate
C00188  L-Threonine
C00197  3-Phospho-D-glycerate
C00213  Sarcosine
C00258  D-Glycerate
C00263  L-Homoserine
C00300  Creatine
C00430  5-Aminolevulinate
C00441  L-Aspartate 4-semialdehyde
C00546  Methylglyoxal
C00576  Betaine aldehyde
C00581  Guanidinoacetate
C00631  2-Phospho-D-glycerate
C00719  Betaine
C00740  D-Serine
C00986  1,3-Diaminopropane
C01005  O-Phospho-L-serine
C01026  N,N-Dimethylglycine
C01102  O-Phospho-L-homoserine
C01242  [Protein]-S8-aminomethyldihydrolipoyllysine
C01888  Aminoacetone
C02051  Lipoylprotein
C02291  L-Cystathionine
C02737  Phosphatidylserine
C02972  Dihydrolipoylprotein
C03082  4-Phospho-L-aspartate
C03194  (R)-1-Aminopropan-2-ol
C03232  3-Phosphonooxypyruvate
C03283  L-2,4-Diaminobutanoate
C03508  L-2-Amino-3-oxobutanoic acid
C05519  L-Allothreonine
C06231  Ectoine
C06442  N(gamma)-Acetyldiaminobutyrate
C16432  5-Hydroxyectoine
C19929  N(alpha)-Acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutyrate
Reference
  Authors
Nishizuka Y, Seyama Y, Ikai A, Ishimura Y, Kawaguchi A (eds).
  Title
[Cellular Functions and Metabolic Maps] (In Japanese)
  Journal
Tokyo Kagaku Dojin (1997)
Reference
PMID:11823218
  Authors
Kuhlmann AU, Bremer E.
  Title
Osmotically regulated synthesis of the compatible solute ectoine in Bacillus pasteurii and related Bacillus spp.
  Journal
Appl Environ Microbiol 68:772-83 (2002)
DOI:10.1128/AEM.68.2.772-783.2002
Reference
PMID:10473374
  Authors
Canovas D, Borges N, Vargas C, Ventosa A, Nieto JJ, Santos H.
  Title
Role of Ngamma-acetyldiaminobutyrate as an enzyme stabilizer and an intermediate in the biosynthesis of hydroxyectoine.
  Journal
Appl Environ Microbiol 65:3774-9 (1999)
DOI:10.1128/AEM.65.9.3774-3779.1999
Reference
PMID:17636255
  Authors
Bursy J, Pierik AJ, Pica N, Bremer E.
  Title
Osmotically induced synthesis of the compatible solute hydroxyectoine is mediated by an evolutionarily conserved ectoine hydroxylase.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 282:31147-55 (2007)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M704023200
Reference
PMID:16707670
  Authors
Garcia-Estepa R, Argandona M, Reina-Bueno M, Capote N, Iglesias-Guerra F, Nieto JJ, Vargas C.
  Title
The ectD gene, which is involved in the synthesis of the compatible solute hydroxyectoine, is essential for thermoprotection of the halophilic bacterium Chromohalobacter salexigens.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 188:3774-84 (2006)
DOI:10.1128/JB.00136-06
Reference
PMID:15470257
  Authors
Arevalo-Rodriguez M, Pan X, Boeke JD, Heitman J
  Title
FKBP12 controls aspartate pathway flux in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to prevent toxic intermediate accumulation.
  Journal
Eukaryot Cell 3:1287-96 (2004)
DOI:10.1128/EC.3.5.1287-1296.2004
Reference
PMID:7639721
  Authors
Rees WD, Hay SM
  Title
The biosynthesis of threonine by mammalian cells: expression of a complete bacterial biosynthetic pathway in an animal cell.
  Journal
Biochem J 309 ( Pt 3):999-1007 (1995)
DOI:10.1042/bj3090999
Reference
PMID:11341914
  Authors
Jacques SL, Nieman C, Bareich D, Broadhead G, Kinach R, Honek JF, Wright GD
  Title
Characterization of yeast homoserine dehydrogenase, an antifungal target: the invariant histidine 309 is important for enzyme integrity.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1544:28-41 (2001)
DOI:10.1016/S0167-4838(00)00203-X
Reference
PMID:15520012
  Authors
Chen X, Jhee KH, Kruger WD
  Title
Production of the neuromodulator H2S by cystathionine beta-synthase via the condensation of cysteine and homocysteine.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 279:52082-6 (2004)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.C400481200
Related
pathway
ppad00010  Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
ppad00020  Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
ppad00230  Purine metabolism
ppad00250  Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
ppad00270  Cysteine and methionine metabolism
ppad00290  Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis
ppad00330  Arginine and proline metabolism
ppad00470  D-Amino acid metabolism
ppad00564  Glycerophospholipid metabolism
ppad00600  Sphingolipid metabolism
ppad00620  Pyruvate metabolism
ppad00630  Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism
ppad00640  Propanoate metabolism
ppad00860  Porphyrin metabolism
ppad00920  Sulfur metabolism
KO pathway
ko00260   
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