KEGG   PATHWAY: setr04970
Entry
setr04970                   Pathway                                
Name
Salivary secretion - Suncus etruscus (white-toothed pygmy shrew)
Description
Saliva has manifold functions in maintaining the integrity of the oral tissues, in protecting teeth from caries, in the tasting and ingestion of food, in speech and in the tolerance of tenures, for example. Salivary secretion occurs in response to stimulation by neurotransmitters released from autonomic nerve endings. There are two secretory pathways: protein exocytosis and fluid secretion. Sympathetic stimulation leads to the activation of adenylate cyclase and accumulation of intracellular cAMP. The elevation of cAMP causes the secretion of proteins such as amylase and mucin. In contrast, parasympathetic stimulation activates phospholipase C and causes the elevation of intracellular Ca2+, which leads to fluid secretion; that is, water and ion transport. Ca2+ also induces amylase secretion, but the amount is smaller than that induced by cAMP.
Class
Organismal Systems; Digestive system
Pathway map
setr04970  Salivary secretion
setr04970

Other DBs
GO: 0046541
Organism
Suncus etruscus (white-toothed pygmy shrew) [GN:setr]
Gene
125994915  ADRB1; beta-1 adrenergic receptor [KO:K04141]
126024759  ADRB2; beta-2 adrenergic receptor [KO:K04142]
126007252  ADRB3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: beta-3 adrenergic receptor [KO:K04143]
126013317  GNAS; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha [KO:K04632]
126013337  neuroendocrine secretory protein 55-like [KO:K04632]
126029834  ADCY1; adenylate cyclase type 1 [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
126000769  ADCY2; adenylate cyclase type 2 [KO:K08042] [EC:4.6.1.1]
126024026  ADCY3; adenylate cyclase type 3 [KO:K08043] [EC:4.6.1.1]
126001049  ADCY4; adenylate cyclase type 4 [KO:K08044] [EC:4.6.1.1]
126026247  ADCY5; adenylate cyclase type 5 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
126022668  ADCY6; adenylate cyclase type 6 [KO:K08046] [EC:4.6.1.1]
126027080  ADCY7; adenylate cyclase type 7 [KO:K08047] [EC:4.6.1.1]
125997104  ADCY8; adenylate cyclase type 8 isoform X1 [KO:K08048] [EC:4.6.1.1]
126001221  ADCY9; adenylate cyclase type 9 [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]
126030328  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
126005939  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
125998005  VAMP2; vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 [KO:K13504]
126003304  ADRA1A; alpha-1A adrenergic receptor [KO:K04135]
126011895  ADRA1B; alpha-1B adrenergic receptor [KO:K04136]
126017327  ADRA1D; alpha-1D adrenergic receptor [KO:K04137]
126030742  CHRM3; muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 [KO:K04131]
126003511  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634]
126017277  PLCB1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
126024570  PLCB2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
126017588  PLCB3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
126018105  PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
126017297  PRKCA; protein kinase C alpha type [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
126030861  PRKCB; protein kinase C beta type isoform X1 [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
126027978  PRKCG; protein kinase C gamma type [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
125998103  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
126022840  ITPR2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 [KO:K04959]
125996360  ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 [KO:K04960]
126032552  RYR3; ryanodine receptor 3 [KO:K04963]
126003621  CALM1; calmodulin-1 [KO:K02183]
126013297  calmodulin-like protein 3 [KO:K02183]
126013298  calmodulin-4-like [KO:K02183]
126023953  CALM2; calmodulin-2 [KO:K02183]
126015982  CALML4; calmodulin-like protein 4 [KO:K02183]
126031280  calmodulin-1-like [KO:K02183]
126001307  calmodulin-1-like [KO:K02183]
126028268  CALM3; calmodulin-3 [KO:K02183]
126030681  NOS1; nitric oxide synthase, brain [KO:K13240] [EC:1.14.13.39]
126003418  GUCY1A1; guanylate cyclase soluble subunit alpha-1 [KO:K12318] [EC:4.6.1.2]
126016034  GUCY1A2; guanylate cyclase soluble subunit alpha-2 [KO:K12318] [EC:4.6.1.2]
126003420  GUCY1B1; guanylate cyclase soluble subunit beta-1 [KO:K12319] [EC:4.6.1.2]
126015950  guanylate cyclase soluble subunit beta-2-like [KO:K12319] [EC:4.6.1.2]
125995118  PRKG1; cGMP-dependent protein kinase 1 [KO:K07376] [EC:2.7.11.12]
126032201  PRKG2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cGMP-dependent protein kinase 2 [KO:K19477] [EC:2.7.11.12]
126032312  CD38; ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1 [KO:K01242] [EC:3.2.2.6 2.4.99.20]
126032568  BST1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 2 [KO:K18152] [EC:3.2.2.6 2.4.99.20]
126030175  BEST2; bestrophin-2 [KO:K13879]
126022613  AQP5; aquaporin-5 [KO:K09867]
126013955  sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
126014313  sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2-like [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
125997466  ATP1A1; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
126028103  ATP1A3; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
126013460  ATP1B1; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1 [KO:K01540]
125998024  ATP1B2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2 [KO:K01540]
126025554  ATP1B3; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3 [KO:K01540]
125999530  ATP1B4; protein ATP1B4 isoform X1 [KO:K01540]
126004171  ATP2B4; plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 4 isoform X1 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
126022729  ATP2B1; plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
125998033  ATP2B2; plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
125998817  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 2-like [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
125999420  ATP2B3; plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
126027717  SLC12A2; solute carrier family 12 member 2 [KO:K10951]
126028239  KCNN4; intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 4 [KO:K04945]
126031353  KCNMA1; calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04936]
126014299  SLC4A2; anion exchange protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K13855]
126011038  SLC9A1; sodium/hydrogen exchanger 1 [KO:K05742]
126011162  transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 6 [KO:K04975]
126018834  MUC5AC; mucin-5AC [KO:K13908]
126018835  MUC5B; mucin-5B [KO:K13908]
125997286  pancreatic alpha-amylase [KO:K01176] [EC:3.2.1.1]
126033475  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: deleted in malignant brain tumors 1 protein-like [KO:K13912]
126033477  deleted in malignant brain tumors 1 protein-like [KO:K13912]
126018117  cystatin-C-like [KO:K13899]
126021901  lysozyme C-like [KO:K13915] [EC:3.2.1.17]
126021904  lysozyme C-like [KO:K13915] [EC:3.2.1.17]
126021909  lysozyme C-like [KO:K13915] [EC:3.2.1.17]
125995993  lactoperoxidase-like [KO:K12550] [EC:1.11.1.7]
126014408  CAMP; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide [KO:K13916]
125997455  cathelin-like [KO:K13916]
Compound
C00001  H2O
C00011  CO2
C00076  Calcium cation
C00080  H+
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00238  Potassium cation
C00288  HCO3-
C00533  Nitric oxide
C00547  L-Noradrenaline
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C00698  Cl-
C00942  3',5'-Cyclic GMP
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C01330  Sodium cation
C01353  Carbonic acid
C01996  Acetylcholine
C13050  Cyclic ADP-ribose
Reference
PMID:16799262
  Authors
Ishikawa Y, Cho G, Yuan Z, Skowronski MT, Pan Y, Ishida H
  Title
Water channels and zymogen granules in salivary glands.
  Journal
J Pharmacol Sci 100:495-512 (2006)
DOI:10.1254/jphs.CRJ06007X
Reference
PMID:16712780
  Authors
Ishikawa Y, Cho G, Yuan Z, Inoue N, Nakae Y
  Title
Aquaporin-5 water channel in lipid rafts of rat parotid glands.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1758:1053-60 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbamem.2006.03.026
Reference
PMID:10682899
  Authors
Ambudkar IS
  Title
Regulation of calcium in salivary gland secretion.
  Journal
Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 11:4-25 (2000)
DOI:10.1177/10454411000110010301
Reference
PMID:10928320
  Authors
Ishikawa Y, Ishida H
  Title
Aquaporin water channel in salivary glands.
  Journal
Jpn J Pharmacol 83:95-101 (2000)
DOI:10.1254/jjp.83.95
Reference
PMID:8105741
  Authors
Baum BJ
  Title
Principles of saliva secretion.
  Journal
Ann N Y Acad Sci 694:17-23 (1993)
DOI:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb18338.x
Reference
PMID:9720759
  Authors
Fujita-Yoshigaki J
  Title
Divergence and convergence in regulated exocytosis: the characteristics of cAMP-dependent enzyme secretion of parotid salivary acinar cells.
  Journal
Cell Signal 10:371-5 (1998)
DOI:10.1016/S0898-6568(97)00178-2
Reference
PMID:18626068
  Authors
Heitzmann D, Warth R
  Title
Physiology and pathophysiology of potassium channels in gastrointestinal epithelia.
  Journal
Physiol Rev 88:1119-82 (2008)
DOI:10.1152/physrev.00020.2007
Reference
PMID:17157080
  Authors
Proctor GB, Carpenter GH
  Title
Regulation of salivary gland function by autonomic nerves.
  Journal
Auton Neurosci 133:3-18 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/j.autneu.2006.10.006
Reference
PMID:11936453
  Authors
Turner RJ, Sugiya H
  Title
Understanding salivary fluid and protein secretion.
  Journal
Oral Dis 8:3-11 (2002)
DOI:10.1034/j.1601-0825.2002.10815.x
Reference
PMID:15153696
  Authors
Van Nieuw Amerongen A, Bolscher JG, Veerman EC
  Title
Salivary proteins: protective and diagnostic value in cariology?
  Journal
Caries Res 38:247-53 (2004)
DOI:10.1159/000077762
Reference
PMID:17347411
  Authors
Nakamoto T, Srivastava A, Romanenko VG, Ovitt CE, Perez-Cornejo P, Arreola J, Begenisich T, Melvin JE
  Title
Functional and molecular characterization of the fluid secretion mechanism in human parotid acinar cells.
  Journal
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 292:R2380-90 (2007)
DOI:10.1152/ajpregu.00591.2006
Reference
PMID:15709965
  Authors
Melvin JE, Yule D, Shuttleworth T, Begenisich T
  Title
Regulation of fluid and electrolyte secretion in salivary gland acinar cells.
  Journal
Annu Rev Physiol 67:445-69 (2005)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.physiol.67.041703.084745
Reference
PMID:20224180
  Authors
Catalan MA, Nakamoto T, Melvin JE
  Title
The salivary gland fluid secretion mechanism.
  Journal
J Med Invest 56 Suppl:192-6 (2009)
DOI:10.2152/jmi.56.192
Related
pathway
setr04020  Calcium signaling pathway
setr04530  Tight junction
setr04973  Carbohydrate digestion and absorption
KO pathway
ko04970   
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