KEGG   PATHWAY: stru04916
Entry
stru04916                   Pathway                                
Name
Melanogenesis - Salmo trutta (river trout)
Description
Cutaneous melanin pigment plays a critical role in camouflage, mimicry, social communication, and protection against harmful effects of solar radiation. Melanogenesis is under complex regulatory control by multiple agents. The most important positive regulator of melanogenesis is the MC1 receptor with its ligands melanocortic peptides. MC1R activates the cyclic AMP (cAMP) response-element binding protein (CREB). Increased expression of MITF and its activation by phosphorylation (P) stimulate the transcription of tyrosinase (TYR), tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1), and dopachrome tautomerase (DCT), which produce melanin. Melanin synthesis takes place within specialized intracellular organelles named melanosomes. Melanin-containing melanosomes then move from the perinuclear region to the dendrite tips and are transferred to keratinocytes by a still not well-characterized mechanism.
Class
Organismal Systems; Endocrine system
Pathway map
stru04916  Melanogenesis
stru04916

Organism
Salmo trutta (river trout) [GN:stru]
Gene
115161912  pro-opiomelanocortin A-like [KO:K05228]
115187348  pro-opiomelanocortin B [KO:K05228]
115172963  pro-opiomelanocortin A [KO:K05228]
115167174  melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor-like [KO:K04199]
115203158  melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor-like [KO:K04199]
115168329  gnas; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha [KO:K04632]
115166205  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04632]
115169640  adenylate cyclase type 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
115158652  adenylate cyclase type 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
115157130  adenylate cyclase type 1-like [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
115173833  adenylate cyclase type 2-like isoform X1 [KO:K08042] [EC:4.6.1.1]
115175633  adenylate cyclase type 2-like isoform X1 [KO:K08042] [EC:4.6.1.1]
115191681  adenylate cyclase type 3-like [KO:K08043] [EC:4.6.1.1]
115175579  adenylate cyclase type 3-like isoform X1 [KO:K08043] [EC:4.6.1.1]
115177411  adenylate cyclase type 3-like isoform X1 [KO:K08043] [EC:4.6.1.1]
115155606  adenylate cyclase type 5-like [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
115160940  adenylate cyclase type 5-like isoform X1 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
115167808  adenylate cyclase type 6-like [KO:K08046] [EC:4.6.1.1]
115168355  adenylate cyclase type 6-like [KO:K08046] [EC:4.6.1.1]
115165462  adenylate cyclase type 6-like isoform X1 [KO:K08046] [EC:4.6.1.1]
115166185  adenylate cyclase type 6-like [KO:K08046] [EC:4.6.1.1]
115167552  adenylate cyclase type 2-like [KO:K08047] [EC:4.6.1.1]
115203287  adenylate cyclase type 2-like isoform X1 [KO:K08047] [EC:4.6.1.1]
115161910  adenylate cyclase type 8-like isoform X1 [KO:K08048] [EC:4.6.1.1]
115156513  adcy8; adenylate cyclase type 8 isoform X1 [KO:K08048] [EC:4.6.1.1]
115171775  adenylate cyclase type 9-like isoform X1 [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]
115178829  adenylate cyclase type 9-like [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]
115147400  adenylate cyclase type 9-like [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]
115206444  adenylate cyclase type 9-like isoform X1 [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]
115157937  prkacb; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
115181703  cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
115169621  cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta-like isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
115171557  cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
115178387  cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-like [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
115157154  cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
115204162  cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
115155563  cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K05870]
115160888  creb1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05870]
115179746  cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K05870]
115196470  cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K05870]
115192637  cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 3-B isoform X1 [KO:K09048]
115169420  cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 3-A isoform X1 [KO:K09048]
115158240  cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 3-B [KO:K09048]
115176590  cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K09048]
115164186  cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 3 [KO:K09048]
115167525  cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K09048]
115179843  cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K09048]
115180030  cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K09048]
115200446  cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like isoform X1 [KO:K09048]
115202878  cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 1 [KO:K09048]
115198736  cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 2 [KO:K09048]
115152698  histone acetyltransferase p300-like [KO:K04498] [EC:2.3.1.48]
115171283  histone acetyltransferase p300-like isoform X1 [KO:K04498] [EC:2.3.1.48]
115171774  CREB-binding protein-like isoform X1 [KO:K04498] [EC:2.3.1.48]
115178827  CREB-binding protein-like isoform X1 [KO:K04498] [EC:2.3.1.48]
115147398  CREB-binding protein-like isoform X1 [KO:K04498] [EC:2.3.1.48]
115206430  CREB-binding protein-like isoform X1 [KO:K04498] [EC:2.3.1.48]
115201319  histone acetyltransferase p300-like isoform X1 [KO:K04498] [EC:2.3.1.48]
115199931  histone acetyltransferase p300-like [KO:K04498] [EC:2.3.1.48]
115168120  microphthalmia-associated transcription factor-like isoform X1 [KO:K09455]
115165791  microphthalmia-associated transcription factor-like isoform X1 [KO:K09455]
115150869  microphthalmia-associated transcription factor-like isoform X1 [KO:K09455]
115207557  microphthalmia-associated transcription factor-like isoform X1 [KO:K09455]
115167848  protein Wnt-1 isoform X1 [KO:K03209]
115165508  protein Wnt-1-like isoform X1 [KO:K03209]
115152320  protein Wnt-2-like isoform X1 [KO:K00182]
115150990  protein Wnt-2b-A-like [KO:K00182]
115207437  protein Wnt-2b-A-like [KO:K00182]
115197546  protein Wnt-2 [KO:K00182]
115169582  protein Wnt-3a [KO:K00312]
115158435  proto-oncogene Wnt-3-like isoform X1 [KO:K00312]
115157195  protein Wnt-3a-like [KO:K00312]
115201053  proto-oncogene Wnt-3 isoform X1 [KO:K00312]
115185210  protein Wnt-4a [KO:K00408]
115188006  protein Wnt-4-like isoform X1 [KO:K00408]
115177195  protein Wnt-4-like [KO:K00408]
115150658  protein Wnt-4a-like [KO:K00408]
115189962  protein Wnt-5b [KO:K00444]
115188256  protein Wnt-5b [KO:K00444]
115168542  wnt5a; protein Wnt-5a [KO:K00444]
115156104  protein Wnt-6-like isoform X1 [KO:K00445]
115160681  protein Wnt-6-like [KO:K00445]
115180496  wnt7b; protein Wnt-7b [KO:K00572]
115192675  protein Wnt-7b isoform X1 [KO:K00572]
115168407  protein Wnt-7a [KO:K00572]
115166130  protein Wnt-7a-like [KO:K00572]
115149919  protein Wnt-7a-like [KO:K00572]
115196973  protein Wnt-7b-like isoform X1 [KO:K00572]
115198639  protein Wnt-7b-like [KO:K00572]
115164692  protein Wnt-8a-like [KO:K00714]
115193596  protein Wnt-8b-like [KO:K00714]
115153350  protein Wnt-8b [KO:K00714]
115164069  protein Wnt-8a-like [KO:K00714]
115169581  protein Wnt-9a-like [KO:K01064]
115171144  protein Wnt-9b-like [KO:K01064]
115157197  protein Wnt-9a-like [KO:K01064]
115198259  protein Wnt-9b-like [KO:K01064]
115167850  protein Wnt-10b-like [KO:K01357]
115165509  protein Wnt-10b-like [KO:K01357]
115156103  protein Wnt-10a-like isoform X1 [KO:K01357]
115160682  protein Wnt-10a isoform X1 [KO:K01357]
115154354  protein Wnt-11-like [KO:K01384]
115154548  protein Wnt-11-like [KO:K01384]
115148245  protein Wnt-11-like [KO:K01384]
115148895  protein Wnt-11-like [KO:K01384]
115180444  protein Wnt-16-like [KO:K01558]
115198810  protein Wnt-16-like [KO:K01558]
115181837  frizzled-1-like [KO:K02432]
115175800  frizzled-1-like isoform X1 [KO:K02432]
115176472  frizzled-1-like [KO:K02432]
115155413  frizzled-7-A-like isoform X1 [KO:K02432]
115179315  frizzled-7-A-like [KO:K02432]
115196030  frizzled-7-A-like [KO:K02432]
115171126  frizzled-2-like [KO:K02235]
115198123  frizzled-2-like [KO:K02235]
115174538  frizzled-3-like [KO:K02329]
115162503  frizzled-3-like [KO:K02329]
115167114  frizzled-3-like isoform X1 [KO:K02329]
115172796  frizzled-3-like [KO:K02329]
115163703  fzd4; frizzled-4 [KO:K02354]
115206582  frizzled-4-like [KO:K02354]
115169824  frizzled-8-like [KO:K02375]
115153600  frizzled-8-like [KO:K02375]
115155564  frizzled-5-like [KO:K02375]
115160889  frizzled-5-like [KO:K02375]
115156871  frizzled-8-like [KO:K02375]
115179743  frizzled-5-like [KO:K02375]
115196473  frizzled-5-like [KO:K02375]
115182202  frizzled-6-like [KO:K02376]
115176348  frizzled-6-like [KO:K02376]
115154203  frizzled-9-like [KO:K02842]
115163206  frizzled-9-like [KO:K02842]
115164603  frizzled-10-like [KO:K02842]
115148709  frizzled-9 [KO:K02842]
115200042  frizzled-10-like isoform X1 [KO:K02842]
115206151  frizzled-9-like [KO:K02842]
115167222  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha-like [KO:K04534]
115151946  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha-like isoform X1 [KO:K04534]
115203115  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha-like [KO:K04534]
115196816  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04534]
115164831  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634]
115159209  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha-like [KO:K04634]
115149346  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha-like [KO:K04634]
115199825  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha-like [KO:K04634]
115168869  segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-1-like [KO:K02353]
115169930  segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-3-like [KO:K02353]
115155022  segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-2-like isoform X1 [KO:K02353]
115162875  segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-3-like [KO:K02353]
115156765  segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-3-like isoform X1 [KO:K02353]
115194276  segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-2-like [KO:K02353]
115198278  segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-2-like [KO:K02353]
115205843  segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-3-like isoform X1 [KO:K02353]
115155817  glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta-like isoform X1 [KO:K03083] [EC:2.7.11.26]
115161154  glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta isoform X1 [KO:K03083] [EC:2.7.11.26]
115179842  glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta-like isoform X1 [KO:K03083] [EC:2.7.11.26]
115195960  glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta-like isoform X1 [KO:K03083] [EC:2.7.11.26]
115185143  catenin beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K02105]
115177148  catenin beta-1-like isoform X1 [KO:K02105]
115154022  lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K02620]
115148559  lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K02620]
115159747  transcription factor 7-like 1-B isoform X1 [KO:K04490]
115164508  transcription factor 7-like 1-B isoform X1 [KO:K04490]
115203917  transcription factor 7-like 1-B isoform X1 [KO:K04490]
115200136  transcription factor 7-like 1-B isoform X1 [KO:K04490]
115158068  transcription factor 7-like 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04491]
115201081  transcription factor 7-like 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04491]
115191730  lef1; lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04492]
115152333  kitlg; kit ligand [KO:K05461]
115197559  kit ligand-like isoform X1 [KO:K05461]
115190784  mast/stem cell growth factor receptor kita-like isoform X1 [KO:K05091] [EC:2.7.10.1]
115190837  mast/stem cell growth factor receptor kita-like [KO:K05091] [EC:2.7.10.1]
115192385  kit; mast/stem cell growth factor receptor Kit isoform X1 [KO:K05091] [EC:2.7.10.1]
115158530  mast/stem cell growth factor receptor Kit-like isoform X1 [KO:K05091] [EC:2.7.10.1]
115152114  GTPase HRas-like [KO:K02833]
115197299  GTPase HRas isoform X1 [KO:K02833]
115152163  GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
115171866  GTPase HRas-like [KO:K07827]
115207704  GTPase HRas-like [KO:K07827]
115197360  GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
115168396  RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase-like isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
115166136  RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase-like isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
115149903  raf1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
115192967  map2k1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
115192626  dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2-like [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
115169411  dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2-like [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
115158253  dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
115157409  dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2-like [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
115165075  mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
115192138  mitogen-activated protein kinase 1-like [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
115170800  mitogen-activated protein kinase 1-like [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
115200671  mitogen-activated protein kinase 1-like [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
115173621  tyrosinase-like [KO:K00505] [EC:1.14.18.1]
115176221  tyrosinase-like isoform X1 [KO:K00505] [EC:1.14.18.1]
115206586  tyrosinase-like [KO:K00505] [EC:1.14.18.1]
115187346  5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid oxidase-like isoform X1 [KO:K00506] [EC:1.14.18.-]
115194259  5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid oxidase-like [KO:K00506] [EC:1.14.18.-]
115198260  5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid oxidase-like [KO:K00506] [EC:1.14.18.-]
115155512  L-dopachrome tautomerase-like [KO:K01827] [EC:5.3.3.12]
115160816  L-dopachrome tautomerase-like [KO:K01827] [EC:5.3.3.12]
115160817  L-dopachrome tautomerase-like [KO:K01827] [EC:5.3.3.12]
115175616  endothelin-1-like [KO:K16366]
115174097  uncharacterized protein LOC115174097 [KO:K16366]
115188958  endothelin receptor type B-like [KO:K04198]
115169457  endothelin receptor type B-like [KO:K04198]
115160563  endothelin receptor type B-like [KO:K04198]
115157349  endothelin receptor type B-like [KO:K04198]
115152154  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1-like [KO:K04630]
115180555  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630]
115168690  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(k) subunit alpha-like [KO:K04630]
115165324  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(k) subunit alpha-like [KO:K04630]
115150537  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2-like [KO:K04630]
115150599  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(k) subunit alpha-like [KO:K04630]
115150976  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2-like [KO:K04630]
115207454  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630]
115207803  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(k) subunit alpha-like [KO:K04630]
115207876  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2-like isoform X1 [KO:K04630]
115197349  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630]
115199006  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630]
115184997  1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3-like isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
115174482  1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1-like isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
115174483  1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4-like isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
115162398  plcb2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
115172491  1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1-like isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
115172765  1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4-like isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
115198619  1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3-like isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
115199598  1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1-like [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
115193937  calmodulin [KO:K02183]
115174612  calmodulin [KO:K02183]
115153074  calmodulin [KO:K02183]
115158469  calmodulin [KO:K02183]
115162136  calm1; calmodulin-1 [KO:K02183]
115154660  calmodulin [KO:K02183]
115162984  calmodulin [KO:K02183]
115166807  calmodulin-like protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K02183]
115172411  calmodulin [KO:K02183]
115150950  calml6; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calmodulin-like protein 6 [KO:K02183]
115203522  calmodulin-like protein 4 [KO:K02183]
115197130  calmodulin-like protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K02183]
115204259  calmodulin-A isoform X1 [KO:K02183]
115205945  calmodulin [KO:K02183]
115194123  calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II delta 1 chain isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
115189418  calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II delta chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
115180818  calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II delta 2 chain-like [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
115193805  calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
115153189  calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit gamma-like isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
115154883  calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
115159892  calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit beta-like [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
115164110  calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
115156739  calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II delta 1 chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
115200524  calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit beta-like [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
115201212  calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit gamma-like isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
115203793  calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit beta-like isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
115198135  calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II delta 1 chain isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
115204505  calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha-like isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
115171658  protein kinase C alpha type-like [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
115177626  protein kinase C alpha type-like [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
115208609  protein kinase C alpha type isoform X1 [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
115205322  protein kinase C alpha type-like isoform X1 [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
115181935  protein kinase C beta type-like isoform X1 [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
115182231  protein kinase C beta type isoform X1 [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
Compound
C00076  Calcium cation
C00082  L-Tyrosine
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C05606  Melanin
Reference
PMID:15383650
  Authors
Slominski A, Tobin DJ, Shibahara S, Wortsman J.
  Title
Melanin pigmentation in mammalian skin and its hormonal regulation.
  Journal
Physiol Rev 84:1155-228 (2004)
DOI:10.1152/physrev.00044.2003
Reference
PMID:10841026
  Authors
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pathway
stru00350  Tyrosine metabolism
stru04010  MAPK signaling pathway
stru04310  Wnt signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04916   
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