KEGG   PATHWAY: vpc04727
Entry
vpc04727                    Pathway                                
Name
GABAergic synapse - Vicugna pacos (alpaca)
Description
Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). When released in the synaptic cleft, GABA binds to three major classes of receptors: GABAA, GABAB, and GABAC receptors. GABAA and GABAC receptors are ionotropic and mediate fast GABA responses by triggering chloride channel openings, while GABAB receptors are metabotropic and mediate slower GABA responses by activating G-proteins and influencing second messenger systems. GABAA receptors, the major sites for fast inhibitory neurotransmission in the CNS, are regulated by phosphorylation mechanisms, affecting both their functional properties and their cell surface mobility and trafficking. GABA release by the presynaptic terminal is negatively regulated by GABAB autoreceptors, and is cleared from the extracellular space by GABA transporters (GATs) located either on the presynaptic terminal or neighboring glial cells.
Class
Organismal Systems; Nervous system
Pathway map
vpc04727  GABAergic synapse
vpc04727

Other DBs
GO: 0051932
Organism
Vicugna pacos (alpaca) [GN:vpc]
Gene
102524924  SLC38A1; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 1 [KO:K14990]
102525172  SLC38A2; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2 isoform X1 [KO:K14207]
102525525  GLS2; glutaminase liver isoform, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K01425] [EC:3.5.1.2]
102538853  glutamate decarboxylase 1-like [KO:K01580] [EC:4.1.1.15]
102542714  GAD2; glutamate decarboxylase 2 [KO:K01580] [EC:4.1.1.15]
102534135  GAD1; glutamate decarboxylase 1 [KO:K01580] [EC:4.1.1.15]
102544383  SLC32A1; vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter [KO:K15015]
102529746  ABAT; 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrial [KO:K13524] [EC:2.6.1.19 2.6.1.22]
102529360  GABRA3; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3 [KO:K05175]
102531410  GABRA5; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5 isoform X1 [KO:K05175]
102524989  GABRA1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1 [KO:K05175]
102525239  GABRA6; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6 [KO:K05175]
102540847  GABRA4; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4 [KO:K05175]
102540354  GABRA2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2 isoform X2 [KO:K05175]
102531167  GABRB3; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3 [KO:K05181]
102541512  GABRB1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1 isoform X2 [KO:K05181]
102539453  GABRB2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2 [KO:K05181]
102535641  gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3-like [KO:K05186]
102540108  GABRG1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1 [KO:K05186]
102545921  GABRG2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05186]
102537249  GABRD; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta [KO:K05184]
102532236  GABRE; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon isoform X1 [KO:K05185]
102532978  GABRQ; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta [KO:K05192]
102540674  GABRP; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi isoform X2 [KO:K05189]
102528179  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
102534902  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
102526522  SRC; proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src isoform X2 [KO:K05704] [EC:2.7.10.2]
102541926  PRKCA; protein kinase C alpha type isoform X2 [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
102526158  PRKCB; protein kinase C beta type isoform X1 [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
102542323  PRKCG; protein kinase C gamma type [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
102530356  HAP1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: huntingtin-associated protein 1 [KO:K04647]
102537709  GABARAP; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein [KO:K08341]
102535253  GABARAPL2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 2 isoform X2 [KO:K08341]
102543771  GABARAPL1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 1 [KO:K08341]
102526232  NSF; vesicle-fusing ATPase isoform X2 [KO:K06027] [EC:3.6.4.6]
102542315  TRAK2; trafficking kinesin-binding protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K15374]
102541430  PLCL1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: inactive phospholipase C-like protein 1 [KO:K15375]
102544244  GPHN; gephyrin isoform X6 [KO:K15376] [EC:2.10.1.1 2.7.7.75]
102527638  SLC12A5; solute carrier family 12 member 5 isoform X3 [KO:K23967]
102538425  GABRR3; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-3 [KO:K05190]
102536789  GABRR2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-2 [KO:K05190]
102537030  GABRR1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-1 [KO:K05190]
102529757  CACNA1A; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A [KO:K04344]
102539072  CACNA1B; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B [KO:K04849]
102538871  CACNA1C; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C [KO:K04850]
102539274  CACNA1D; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X1 [KO:K04851]
102540844  CACNA1F; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F isoform X1 [KO:K04853]
102528399  CACNA1S; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S [KO:K04857]
102531423  GABBR1; gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1 isoform X5 [KO:K04615]
102526877  GABBR2; gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2 isoform X3 [KO:K04615]
102543440  GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04630]
102541755  GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630]
102525399  GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha [KO:K04630]
102532808  GNAO1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04534]
102537006  GNB1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 [KO:K04536]
102534586  GNB2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 [KO:K04537]
102530911  GNB3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 isoform X2 [KO:K07825]
102544072  GNB4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 [KO:K04538]
102533271  GNB5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5 isoform X1 [KO:K04539]
102537024  GNG2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 [KO:K07826]
102538024  GNG3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3 [KO:K04540]
102545167  GNG4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 [KO:K04541]
102526370  GNG5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542]
116280345  GNG10; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10 [KO:K04545]
102536904  GNG11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11 [KO:K04546]
107033627  GNG12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12 [KO:K04347]
107033717  GNG14; putative guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-14 [KO:K04347]
102538587  GNG13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-13 [KO:K04547]
102537146  GNGT1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1 [KO:K04548]
107034536  GNGT2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 isoform X1 [KO:K04549]
102538400  ADCY1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: adenylate cyclase type 1 [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
102539698  ADCY2; adenylate cyclase type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K08042] [EC:4.6.1.1]
102536207  ADCY3; adenylate cyclase type 3 isoform X5 [KO:K08043] [EC:4.6.1.1]
102544207  ADCY4; adenylate cyclase type 4 [KO:K08044] [EC:4.6.1.1]
102534219  ADCY5; adenylate cyclase type 5 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
102532587  ADCY6; adenylate cyclase type 6 isoform X1 [KO:K08046] [EC:4.6.1.1]
102529498  ADCY7; adenylate cyclase type 7 isoform X2 [KO:K08047] [EC:4.6.1.1]
102543885  ADCY8; adenylate cyclase type 8 isoform X1 [KO:K08048] [EC:4.6.1.1]
102535401  ADCY9; adenylate cyclase type 9 [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]
102537978  KCNJ6; G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 2 [KO:K05000]
102525379  SLC6A1; sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05034]
102540091  SLC6A13; sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 2 [KO:K05046]
102542469  SLC6A11; sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05044]
102540747  SLC6A12; sodium- and chloride-dependent betaine transporter [KO:K05045]
102541149  GLUL; glutamine synthetase [KO:K01915] [EC:6.3.1.2]
102541498  SLC38A3; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 3 isoform X1 [KO:K13576]
102530823  SLC38A5; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 5 isoform X2 [KO:K14992]
Compound
C00025  L-Glutamate
C00026  2-Oxoglutarate
C00042  Succinate
C00064  L-Glutamine
C00076  Calcium cation
C00238  Potassium cation
C00334  4-Aminobutanoate
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C00698  Cl-
Reference
  Authors
Davis KL, Charney D, Coyle JT, Nemeroff C (ed).
  Title
Neuropsychopharmacology: The fifth generation of progress
  Journal
Lippincott Williams & Wikins (2002)
DOI:10.1002/hup.431
Reference
PMID:17499109
  Authors
Farrant M, Kaila K
  Title
The cellular, molecular and ionic basis of GABA(A) receptor signalling.
  Journal
Prog Brain Res 160:59-87 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/S0079-6123(06)60005-8
Reference
PMID:9364667
  Authors
Ben-Ari Y, Khazipov R, Leinekugel X, Caillard O, Gaiarsa JL
  Title
GABAA, NMDA and AMPA receptors: a developmentally regulated 'menage a trois'.
  Journal
Trends Neurosci 20:523-9 (1997)
DOI:10.1016/S0166-2236(97)01147-8
Reference
PMID:20655485
  Authors
Pinard A, Seddik R, Bettler B
  Title
GABAB receptors: physiological functions and mechanisms of diversity.
  Journal
Adv Pharmacol 58:231-55 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/S1054-3589(10)58010-4
Reference
PMID:21376567
  Authors
Chalifoux JR, Carter AG
  Title
GABAB receptor modulation of synaptic function.
  Journal
Curr Opin Neurobiol 21:339-44 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.conb.2011.02.004
Reference
PMID:20655481
  Authors
Padgett CL, Slesinger PA
  Title
GABAB receptor coupling to G-proteins and ion channels.
  Journal
Adv Pharmacol 58:123-47 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/S1054-3589(10)58006-2
Reference
PMID:17499108
  Authors
Emson PC
  Title
GABA(B) receptors: structure and function.
  Journal
Prog Brain Res 160:43-57 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/S0079-6123(06)60004-6
Reference
PMID:16932937
  Authors
Kornau HC
  Title
GABA(B) receptors and synaptic modulation.
  Journal
Cell Tissue Res 326:517-33 (2006)
DOI:10.1007/s00441-006-0264-7
Reference
PMID:18382465
  Authors
Jacob TC, Moss SJ, Jurd R
  Title
GABA(A) receptor trafficking and its role in the dynamic modulation of neuronal inhibition.
  Journal
Nat Rev Neurosci 9:331-43 (2008)
DOI:10.1038/nrn2370
Reference
PMID:12086709
  Authors
Kneussel M
  Title
Dynamic regulation of GABA(A) receptors at synaptic sites.
  Journal
Brain Res Brain Res Rev 39:74-83 (2002)
DOI:10.1016/S0165-0173(02)00159-5
Reference
PMID:21555068
  Authors
Luscher B, Fuchs T, Kilpatrick CL
  Title
GABAA receptor trafficking-mediated plasticity of inhibitory synapses.
  Journal
Neuron 70:385-409 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.neuron.2011.03.024
Reference
PMID:19374920
  Authors
Arancibia-Carcamo IL, Kittler JT
  Title
Regulation of GABA(A) receptor membrane trafficking and synaptic localization.
  Journal
Pharmacol Ther 123:17-31 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2009.03.012
Reference
PMID:16787421
  Authors
Bak LK, Schousboe A, Waagepetersen HS
  Title
The glutamate/GABA-glutamine cycle: aspects of transport, neurotransmitter homeostasis and ammonia transfer.
  Journal
J Neurochem 98:641-53 (2006)
DOI:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.03913.x
Reference
PMID:15210304
  Authors
Conti F, Minelli A, Melone M
  Title
GABA transporters in the mammalian cerebral cortex: localization, development and pathological implications.
  Journal
Brain Res Brain Res Rev 45:196-212 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2004.03.003
Reference
PMID:12888801
  Authors
Brambilla P, Perez J, Barale F, Schettini G, Soares JC
  Title
GABAergic dysfunction in mood disorders.
  Journal
Mol Psychiatry 8:721-37, 715 (2003)
DOI:10.1038/sj.mp.4001362
Reference
PMID:10780899
  Authors
Chebib M, Johnston GA
  Title
GABA-Activated ligand gated ion channels: medicinal chemistry and molecular biology.
  Journal
J Med Chem 43:1427-47 (2000)
DOI:10.1021/jm9904349
Related
pathway
vpc00020  Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
vpc00250  Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
vpc04144  Endocytosis
vpc04721  Synaptic vesicle cycle
KO pathway
ko04727   
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