KEGG   PATHWAY: xgl00260
Entry
xgl00260                    Pathway                                
Name
Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism - Xiphias gladius (swordfish)
Description
Serine is derived from 3-phospho-D-glycerate, an intermediate of glycolysis [MD:M00020], and glycine is derived from serine. Threonine is an essential amino acid, which animals cannot synthesize. In bacteria and plants, threonine is derived from aspartate [MD:M00018].
Class
Metabolism; Amino acid metabolism
Pathway map
xgl00260  Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism
xgl00260

Module
xgl_M00020  Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:xgl00260]
xgl_M00047  Creatine pathway [PATH:xgl00260]
xgl_M00338  Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:xgl00260]
xgl_M00555  Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:xgl00260]
xgl_M00621  Glycine cleavage system [PATH:xgl00260]
xgl_M00974  Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:xgl00260]
Other DBs
GO: 0006544 0006563 0070178 0006566
Organism
Xiphias gladius (swordfish) [GN:xgl]
Gene
120794395  tha1; threonine aldolase 1 [KO:K01620] [EC:4.1.2.48]
120804294  serine hydroxymethyltransferase, mitochondrial-like isoform X1 [KO:K00600] [EC:2.1.2.1]
120788307  shmt1; serine hydroxymethyltransferase, cytosolic [KO:K00600] [EC:2.1.2.1]
120783098  shmt2; serine hydroxymethyltransferase, mitochondrial [KO:K00600] [EC:2.1.2.1]
120791256  agxta; alanine--glyoxylate and serine--pyruvate aminotransferase a [KO:K00830] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.45 2.6.1.51]
120799503  agxtb; alanine--glyoxylate and serine--pyruvate aminotransferase b [KO:K00830] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.45 2.6.1.51]
120784904  grhpra; glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase [KO:K00049] [EC:1.1.1.79 1.1.1.81]
120799850  grhprb; glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase b [KO:K00049] [EC:1.1.1.79 1.1.1.81]
120807123  glyctk; glycerate kinase [KO:K11529] [EC:2.7.1.165]
120796835  phosphoglycerate mutase 1-like [KO:K01834] [EC:5.4.2.11]
120806419  pgam2; phosphoglycerate mutase 2 [KO:K01834] [EC:5.4.2.11]
120800939  pgam1b; phosphoglycerate mutase 1b [KO:K01834] [EC:5.4.2.11]
120793177  bpgm; bisphosphoglycerate mutase [KO:K01837] [EC:5.4.2.4 5.4.2.11]
120801090  phgdh; D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase [KO:K00058] [EC:1.1.1.95 1.1.1.399]
120804791  psat1; phosphoserine aminotransferase isoform X1 [KO:K00831] [EC:2.6.1.52]
120791836  psph; phosphoserine phosphatase [KO:K01079] [EC:3.1.3.3]
120804934  gcat; 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate coenzyme A ligase, mitochondrial [KO:K00639] [EC:2.3.1.29]
120798218  L-threonine 3-dehydrogenase, mitochondrial-like [KO:K15789] [EC:1.1.1.103]
120789237  tdh; L-threonine dehydrogenase [KO:K15789] [EC:1.1.1.103]
120795774  tdh2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: L-threonine dehydrogenase 2 [KO:K15789] [EC:1.1.1.103]
120804312  alas2; 5-aminolevulinate synthase, erythroid-specific, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00643] [EC:2.3.1.37]
120804534  5-aminolevulinate synthase, nonspecific, mitochondrial-like isoform X1 [KO:K00643] [EC:2.3.1.37]
120783337  alas1; 5-aminolevulinate synthase, nonspecific, mitochondrial [KO:K00643] [EC:2.3.1.37]
120806676  si:ch211-127i16.2; probable flavin-containing monoamine oxidase A [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
120801353  mao; amine oxidase [flavin-containing] [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
120785629  aoc2; retina-specific copper amine oxidase [KO:K00276] [EC:1.4.3.21]
120804910  gldc; glycine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating), mitochondrial [KO:K00281] [EC:1.4.4.2]
120803348  amt; aminomethyltransferase, mitochondrial [KO:K00605] [EC:2.1.2.10]
120793424  dldh; dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, mitochondrial [KO:K00382] [EC:1.8.1.4]
120796634  gcshb; glycine cleavage system protein H (aminomethyl carrier), b [KO:K02437]
120793015  glycine cleavage system H protein, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02437]
120804819  D-amino-acid oxidase-like isoform X1 [KO:K00273] [EC:1.4.3.3]
120805928  alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2, mitochondrial-like isoform X1 [KO:K00827] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.40]
120806349  alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K00827] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.40]
120794648  gatm; glycine amidinotransferase, mitochondrial [KO:K00613] [EC:2.1.4.1]
120790433  gamt; guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase [KO:K00542] [EC:2.1.1.2]
120803821  chdh; choline dehydrogenase, mitochondrial [KO:K00108] [EC:1.1.99.1]
120790806  aldh7a1; alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase [KO:K14085] [EC:1.2.1.31 1.2.1.8 1.2.1.3]
120805803  betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K00544] [EC:2.1.1.5]
120806477  betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K00544] [EC:2.1.1.5]
120806343  dmgdh; dimethylglycine dehydrogenase, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00315] [EC:1.5.8.4]
120791982  pipox; peroxisomal sarcosine oxidase isoform X1 [KO:K00306] [EC:1.5.3.1 1.5.3.7]
120806360  sardh; sarcosine dehydrogenase, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00314] [EC:1.5.8.3]
120795580  gnmt; glycine N-methyltransferase [KO:K00552] [EC:2.1.1.20]
120798193  cbsa; cystathionine beta-synthase a [KO:K01697] [EC:4.2.1.22]
120801464  cbsb; cystathionine beta-synthase b [KO:K01697] [EC:4.2.1.22]
120791029  cth; cystathionine gamma-lyase [KO:K01758] [EC:4.4.1.1]
120796177  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: L-threonine ammonia-lyase [KO:K01754] [EC:4.3.1.19]
120805291  L-serine dehydratase/L-threonine deaminase-like [KO:K17989] [EC:4.3.1.17 4.3.1.19]
120794974  sdsl; serine dehydratase-like isoform X1 [KO:K17989] [EC:4.3.1.17 4.3.1.19]
120798484  zgc:162816; D-threo-3-hydroxyaspartate dehydratase [KO:K20498] [EC:4.3.1.18]
Compound
C00011  CO2
C00014  Ammonia
C00022  Pyruvate
C00037  Glycine
C00048  Glyoxylate
C00049  L-Aspartate
C00065  L-Serine
C00078  L-Tryptophan
C00097  L-Cysteine
C00101  Tetrahydrofolate
C00109  2-Oxobutanoate
C00114  Choline
C00143  5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate
C00168  Hydroxypyruvate
C00188  L-Threonine
C00197  3-Phospho-D-glycerate
C00213  Sarcosine
C00258  D-Glycerate
C00263  L-Homoserine
C00300  Creatine
C00430  5-Aminolevulinate
C00441  L-Aspartate 4-semialdehyde
C00546  Methylglyoxal
C00576  Betaine aldehyde
C00581  Guanidinoacetate
C00631  2-Phospho-D-glycerate
C00719  Betaine
C00740  D-Serine
C00986  1,3-Diaminopropane
C01005  O-Phospho-L-serine
C01026  N,N-Dimethylglycine
C01102  O-Phospho-L-homoserine
C01242  [Protein]-S8-aminomethyldihydrolipoyllysine
C01888  Aminoacetone
C02051  Lipoylprotein
C02291  L-Cystathionine
C02737  Phosphatidylserine
C02972  Dihydrolipoylprotein
C03082  4-Phospho-L-aspartate
C03194  (R)-1-Aminopropan-2-ol
C03232  3-Phosphonooxypyruvate
C03283  L-2,4-Diaminobutanoate
C03508  L-2-Amino-3-oxobutanoic acid
C05519  L-Allothreonine
C06231  Ectoine
C06442  N(gamma)-Acetyldiaminobutyrate
C16432  5-Hydroxyectoine
C19929  N(alpha)-Acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutyrate
Reference
  Authors
Nishizuka Y, Seyama Y, Ikai A, Ishimura Y, Kawaguchi A (eds).
  Title
[Cellular Functions and Metabolic Maps] (In Japanese)
  Journal
Tokyo Kagaku Dojin (1997)
Reference
PMID:11823218
  Authors
Kuhlmann AU, Bremer E.
  Title
Osmotically regulated synthesis of the compatible solute ectoine in Bacillus pasteurii and related Bacillus spp.
  Journal
Appl Environ Microbiol 68:772-83 (2002)
DOI:10.1128/AEM.68.2.772-783.2002
Reference
PMID:10473374
  Authors
Canovas D, Borges N, Vargas C, Ventosa A, Nieto JJ, Santos H.
  Title
Role of Ngamma-acetyldiaminobutyrate as an enzyme stabilizer and an intermediate in the biosynthesis of hydroxyectoine.
  Journal
Appl Environ Microbiol 65:3774-9 (1999)
DOI:10.1128/AEM.65.9.3774-3779.1999
Reference
PMID:17636255
  Authors
Bursy J, Pierik AJ, Pica N, Bremer E.
  Title
Osmotically induced synthesis of the compatible solute hydroxyectoine is mediated by an evolutionarily conserved ectoine hydroxylase.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 282:31147-55 (2007)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M704023200
Reference
PMID:16707670
  Authors
Garcia-Estepa R, Argandona M, Reina-Bueno M, Capote N, Iglesias-Guerra F, Nieto JJ, Vargas C.
  Title
The ectD gene, which is involved in the synthesis of the compatible solute hydroxyectoine, is essential for thermoprotection of the halophilic bacterium Chromohalobacter salexigens.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 188:3774-84 (2006)
DOI:10.1128/JB.00136-06
Reference
PMID:15470257
  Authors
Arevalo-Rodriguez M, Pan X, Boeke JD, Heitman J
  Title
FKBP12 controls aspartate pathway flux in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to prevent toxic intermediate accumulation.
  Journal
Eukaryot Cell 3:1287-96 (2004)
DOI:10.1128/EC.3.5.1287-1296.2004
Reference
PMID:7639721
  Authors
Rees WD, Hay SM
  Title
The biosynthesis of threonine by mammalian cells: expression of a complete bacterial biosynthetic pathway in an animal cell.
  Journal
Biochem J 309 ( Pt 3):999-1007 (1995)
DOI:10.1042/bj3090999
Reference
PMID:11341914
  Authors
Jacques SL, Nieman C, Bareich D, Broadhead G, Kinach R, Honek JF, Wright GD
  Title
Characterization of yeast homoserine dehydrogenase, an antifungal target: the invariant histidine 309 is important for enzyme integrity.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1544:28-41 (2001)
DOI:10.1016/S0167-4838(00)00203-X
Reference
PMID:15520012
  Authors
Chen X, Jhee KH, Kruger WD
  Title
Production of the neuromodulator H2S by cystathionine beta-synthase via the condensation of cysteine and homocysteine.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 279:52082-6 (2004)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.C400481200
Related
pathway
xgl00010  Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
xgl00020  Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
xgl00230  Purine metabolism
xgl00250  Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
xgl00270  Cysteine and methionine metabolism
xgl00290  Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis
xgl00330  Arginine and proline metabolism
xgl00470  D-Amino acid metabolism
xgl00564  Glycerophospholipid metabolism
xgl00600  Sphingolipid metabolism
xgl00620  Pyruvate metabolism
xgl00630  Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism
xgl00640  Propanoate metabolism
xgl00860  Porphyrin metabolism
xgl00920  Sulfur metabolism
KO pathway
ko00260   
LinkDB

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